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− | <big><center>[[Enterobacteriaceae|'''BACK TO ENTEROBACTERIACEAE''']]</center></big>
| + | {{review}} |
− | <big><center>[[Bacteria|'''BACK TO BACTERIA''']]</center></big>
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− | <big><center>[[Infectious agents and parasites|'''BACK TO INFECTIOUS AGENTS AND PARASITES''']]</center></big>
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| ===''Eschericia coli'' (''E. coli'') overview=== | | ===''Eschericia coli'' (''E. coli'') overview=== |
− | | + | [[File:Ecoli.jpg|200px|right]] |
| *Member of ''Enterobacteriacae'' family of Gram-negative bacilli | | *Member of ''Enterobacteriacae'' family of Gram-negative bacilli |
| *'''Facultative anaerobe''' | | *'''Facultative anaerobe''' |
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| *Capsular polysaccharides produced by some strains prevent phagocytosis and interfere with complement | | *Capsular polysaccharides produced by some strains prevent phagocytosis and interfere with complement |
| *Endotoxin is a lipolysaccharide component of the cell wall of Gram-negative bacteria, composed of lipid A, a core polysaccharide and various side chains | | *Endotoxin is a lipolysaccharide component of the cell wall of Gram-negative bacteria, composed of lipid A, a core polysaccharide and various side chains |
− | *'''Endotoxin''' is realeased when bacteria die, and causes endothelial damage leading to [[General Pathology - Thrombosis#Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation|'''disseminated intravascular coagulation''']] and e'''ndotoxic shock'''; it is also a '''pyrogen''' | + | *'''Endotoxin''' is realeased when bacteria die, and causes endothelial damage leading to [[Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation|'''disseminated intravascular coagulation''']] and '''endotoxic shock'''; it is also a '''pyrogen''' |
| *Enterotoxins, verotoxins and cytotoxic necrotising factors produced by many pathogenic ''E. coli''; these produce cell damage at their site of action | | *Enterotoxins, verotoxins and cytotoxic necrotising factors produced by many pathogenic ''E. coli''; these produce cell damage at their site of action |
| *'''Alpha-haemolysin''' may increase iron availability for invading organisms | | *'''Alpha-haemolysin''' may increase iron availability for invading organisms |
| *'''Siderophores''' are made by certain pathogenic strains, and are responsible for iron aquisition; they include aerobactin and enterobactin | | *'''Siderophores''' are made by certain pathogenic strains, and are responsible for iron aquisition; they include aerobactin and enterobactin |
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| ==Extra-intestinal infection== | | ==Extra-intestinal infection== |
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| ***Most common organism infecting urinary tract | | ***Most common organism infecting urinary tract |
| ***Ascending infections of urinary tract | | ***Ascending infections of urinary tract |
− | ***Causes pyometra in the dog and cat and [[Kidney Tubulointerstitial Disease - Pathology#Pyelonephritis|pyelonephritis]] | + | ***Causes pyometra in the dog and cat and [[Pyelonephritis|pyelonephritis]] |
| ***Cystitis in the bitch | | ***Cystitis in the bitch |
| ***Prostatitis in dogs via opportunistic infection | | ***Prostatitis in dogs via opportunistic infection |
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| ***Death within 24-48 hours during peracute disease | | ***Death within 24-48 hours during peracute disease |
| ***Animals depressed with sunken eyes | | ***Animals depressed with sunken eyes |
− | **[[Intestines Catarrhal Enteritis - Pathology#Colibacillosis|'''Colibacillosis''']]: | + | **[[Colibacillosis|'''Colibacillosis''']]: |
| ***Avian: | | ***Avian: |
| ****Septicaemia in newly-hatched chickens | | ****Septicaemia in newly-hatched chickens |
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| ****Occurs in older birds via inhalation of ''E. coli'' in dust; respiratory infection spreads to the blood to cause acute colisepticaemia | | ****Occurs in older birds via inhalation of ''E. coli'' in dust; respiratory infection spreads to the blood to cause acute colisepticaemia |
| ****Airsacculitis, pericarditis and perihepatitis during acute phase | | ****Airsacculitis, pericarditis and perihepatitis during acute phase |
− | ****Often secondary to virus or [[Mycoplasmas|''mycoplasma'']] infection or environmental stress | + | ****Often secondary to virus or [[:Category:Mycoplasmas|''mycoplasma'']] infection or environmental stress |
| **'''Colisepticaemia''': | | **'''Colisepticaemia''': |
| ***Systemic disease in young calves, piglets, foals, lambs | | ***Systemic disease in young calves, piglets, foals, lambs |
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| ***Virulence related to adhesive properties, complement resistance and ability for iron aquisition | | ***Virulence related to adhesive properties, complement resistance and ability for iron aquisition |
| ***Ammonia, dust, viral infections and temperature changes enhance likelihood of disease | | ***Ammonia, dust, viral infections and temperature changes enhance likelihood of disease |
− | **[[Stomach and Abomasum Inflammation - Pathology#Oedema Disease In The Pig|'''Oedema disease of pigs''']]: | + | **[[Oedema Disease|'''Oedema disease of pigs''']]: |
− | ***Acute, frequently fatal enterotoxaemia of weaned pigs
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− | ***Associated with particular haemolytic serotypes of ''E. coli''
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− | ***Verotoxin (Shiga toxin II e) released in the small intestine and carried in the bloodstream
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− | ***Haemolysin production
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− | ***Subcutaneous and subserosal oedema
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− | ***Peracute disease affecting particulary healthy piglets
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− | ***Mortality rate 30%-90%
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− | ***Antimicrobial treatment effective if administered in time
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| **'''Watery mouth of lambs''': | | **'''Watery mouth of lambs''': |
| ***Affects lambs under three days old | | ***Affects lambs under three days old |
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| ***Severe depression, anorexia, salivation and abdominal distension | | ***Severe depression, anorexia, salivation and abdominal distension |
| ***Morbidity and mortality high | | ***Morbidity and mortality high |
− | ** [[Intestines Inflammatory Bowel Disease And Related Conditions - Pathology#Histiocytic Ulcerative Colitis|Histiocytic ulcerative colitis]] in the dog and cat. | + | ** [[Inflammatory Bowel Disease#Histiocytic Ulcerative Colitis|Histiocytic ulcerative colitis]] in the dog and cat. |
− | ** Causes [[Peritoneal Cavity Inflammatory - Pathology#In dogs|peritonitis in dogs]] and [[Peritoneal Cavity Inflammatory - Pathology#In pigs|peritonitis in pigs]] | + | ** Causes [[Peritonitis - Cats and Dogs|peritonitis in dogs]] and [[Peritonitis#In pigs|peritonitis in pigs]] |
− | **Found in [[Bones Inflammatory - Pathology#Osteomyelitis|osteomyelitis]] | + | **Found in [[Osteomyelitis|osteomyelitis]] |
− | **Associated with neonatal [[Joints Inflammatory - Pathology#In Cattle|polyarthritis of calves]] | + | **Associated with neonatal [[Infectious Arthritis#In Cattle|polyarthritis of calves]] |
− | **In [[Bacterial skin infections - Pathology#Deep pyoderma|deep pyoderma]] | + | **In [[Deep Pyoderma|deep pyoderma]] |
− | **Found in [[Joints Inflammatory - Pathology#In Horses|arthritis of horses]] | + | **Found in [[Infectious Arthritis#In Horses|arthritis of horses]] |
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| ==Intestinal infection== | | ==Intestinal infection== |
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| *''E. coli'' is part of the flora of the large intestine, but is not usually found in the small intestine | | *''E. coli'' is part of the flora of the large intestine, but is not usually found in the small intestine |
| *Some strains possess fimbrae which attach the bacteria to the small intestinal epithelium of particular animal species | | *Some strains possess fimbrae which attach the bacteria to the small intestinal epithelium of particular animal species |
− | *''E. coli'' may cause diarrhoea via attaching and effacing lesions, where bacteria adhere intimately to the enterocyte, and cause localised effacement of the brush border microvilli; the epithelial erosion causes [[General Pathology - Haemorrhage#Dysentery|dysentery]] | + | *''E. coli'' may cause diarrhoea via attaching and effacing lesions, where bacteria adhere intimately to the enterocyte, and cause localised effacement of the brush border microvilli; the epithelial erosion causes [[Haemorrhage#Dysentery|dysentery]] |
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| *'''Enterotoxigenic ''E. coli'' (ETEC)''': | | *'''Enterotoxigenic ''E. coli'' (ETEC)''': |
| **General: | | **General: |
− | *** Contributes to [[Intestines Catarrhal Enteritis - Pathology#Undifferentiated Neonatal Calf Diarrhoea|undifferentiated neonatal calf diarrhoea]], a mixed viral enteritis in calves, also known as enteric colibacillosis | + | *** Contributes to [[Calf Diarrhoea, Undifferentiated Neonatal|undifferentiated neonatal calf diarrhoea]], a mixed viral enteritis in calves, also known as enteric colibacillosis |
| ***Causes scours in pigs, calves and lambs | | ***Causes scours in pigs, calves and lambs |
| ***'Traveller's diarrhoea' in humans | | ***'Traveller's diarrhoea' in humans |
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| *****Activates guanylate cyclase in enteric epithelial cells, stimulating fluid secretion | | *****Activates guanylate cyclase in enteric epithelial cells, stimulating fluid secretion |
| **Clinical signs: | | **Clinical signs: |
− | ***The gut becomes distended with fluid and a [[Intestines Diarrhoea - Pathology#Secretory Diarrhoeas|secretory diarrhoea]] which lasts several days results | + | ***The gut becomes distended with fluid and a [[Diarrhoea#Secretory Diarrhoeas|secretory diarrhoea]] which lasts several days results |
| ***Watery diarrhoea, dehydration, acidosis, death | | ***Watery diarrhoea, dehydration, acidosis, death |
− | **Immunuty: | + | **Immunity: |
| ***LT is antigenic | | ***LT is antigenic |
| ***Immunity is developed via production of antibody to LT protein and fimbrial antigen | | ***Immunity is developed via production of antibody to LT protein and fimbrial antigen |
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| **Strains do not product LT or ST and are not enteroinvasive | | **Strains do not product LT or ST and are not enteroinvasive |
| **Attaching and effacing lesions, unrelated to toxin production | | **Attaching and effacing lesions, unrelated to toxin production |
− | **[[General Pathology - Thrombosis#Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation|Disseminated intravascular coagulation]] and thrombus formation | + | **[[Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation|Disseminated intravascular coagulation]] and thrombus formation |
| **''E. coli'' O157:H7 causes haemorrhagic collitis-haemolytic uraemic syndrome in humans | | **''E. coli'' O157:H7 causes haemorrhagic collitis-haemolytic uraemic syndrome in humans |
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| **Important virulence factors include toxin and fimbriae | | **Important virulence factors include toxin and fimbriae |
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| + | ==in cattle== |
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| + | *Neonatal polyarthritis: |
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| + | **[[Escherichia coli|'''''Coliforms''''']] |
| + | ***Localises in joints and meninges in severe non-fatal neonatal colibacillosis |
| + | ***May remain as chronic arthritis in larger joints |
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− | <big><center>[[Enterobacteriaceae|'''BACK TO ENTEROBACTERIACEAE''']]</center></big>
| + | [[Category:Enterobacteriaceae]] |
− | <big><center>[[Bacteria|'''BACK TO BACTERIA''']]</center></big>
| + | [[Category:To_Do_-_Bacteria]] |
− | <big><center>[[Infectious agents and parasites|'''BACK TO INFECTIOUS AGENTS AND PARASITES''']]</center></big>
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