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− | {{unfinished}}
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− | {{dog}}
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− | {{cat}}
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| ==Signalment== | | ==Signalment== |
| Can affect both dogs and cats. | | Can affect both dogs and cats. |
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| *electrolyte or acid-base imbalances | | *electrolyte or acid-base imbalances |
| *uraemia | | *uraemia |
− | *hypothyroidism | + | *[[Hypothyroidism|hypothyroidism]] |
− | *hepatic encephalopathy | + | *[[Hepatic Encephalopathy|hepatic encephalopathy]] |
| + | *[[Pancreatitis|pancreatitis]] |
| + | *[[Gastric Ulceration - Dog|gastric ulceration]] and inflammation |
| + | *anticholinergic drugs and narcotic analgesics used to treat vomiting and diarrhoea |
| + | *idiopathic |
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| ==Diagnosis== | | ==Diagnosis== |
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| + | Diagnosis of gastric motility disorders is usually made once other causes of vomiting have been ruled out. The normal gastric emptying time of a dog is 10-12 hours. Therefore, a dog that vomits an undigested meal more than twelve hours after feeding should be strongly suspected of having a gastric motility disorder if an outflow obstruction and inflammatory disease have been excluded. |
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| ===Clinical Signs=== | | ===Clinical Signs=== |
− | ===Laboratory Tests===
| + | *chronic belching and vomiting |
| + | *anorexia |
| + | *weight loss |
| + | *poor body condition |
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| ===Radiography=== | | ===Radiography=== |
− | ===Biopsy=== | + | *Contrast radiography may support a diagnosis of a gastric motility disorder: |
− | ===Endoscopy===
| + | **Half of the animal's daily caloric requirement should be fed as canned food mixed with 5% by weight of barium sulphate. Radiographs are taken every hour until the stomach is empty. This amount of food is normally emptied by the stomach in 5-8 hours. If food is still present after this time, a motility problem is suggested. |
| + | *Fluoroscopy studies may be used to assess gastric motility. |
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| + | ===Special Diagnostic Techniques=== |
| + | A definitive diagnosis of gastric motility disorders requires special diagnostic techniques that are not often available. These include measurement of gastric electrical and contractile activity as well as radio-isotope studies. |
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| ==Treatment== | | ==Treatment== |
| + | Underlying causes of vomiting should be addressed first. |
| + | Drugs that promote gastric peristalsis/motility may be administered once a diagnosis of a gastric motility disorder has been reached. Several drugs have been proposed and may include: |
| + | *Cisapride (30 minutes before each meal) |
| + | **reduces tachygastria |
| + | **increases tone and amplitude of gastric contractions |
| + | **relaxes the pyloric canal |
| + | **increases contraction in the proximal small intestine |
| + | *[[Macrolides and Lincosamides|Erythromycin]] |
| + | **acts on smooth muscle motilin receptors to increase gastric contractility |
| + | *Metoclopramide |
| + | **increases gastric peristalsis |
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| ==Prognosis== | | ==Prognosis== |
| + | Animals that respond well to medical management have a good prognosis. Those who respond poorly to medical treatment have a poor prognosis. |
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| ==References== | | ==References== |
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| + | *Hall, E.J, Simpson, J.W. and Thomas, D. (2005) '''BSAVA Manual of Canine and Feline Gastroenterology (1st Edition)''' ''BSAVA'' Page 109 |
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| + | *Nelson, R.W. and Couto, C.G. (2009) '''Small Animal Internal Medicine (Fourth Edition)''' ''Mosby Elsevier'' Page 427 |
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| + | [[Category:Stomach_and_Abomasum_-_Pathology]][[Category:To_Do_-_Alimentary]][[Category:Gastric Diseases - Dog]] |
| + | [[Category:Gastric Diseases - Cat]][[Category:To Do - Medium]] |