WikiVet English - User contributions [en]

Clinical Case 9 - Page 4

2008-06-25T20:59:36Z

Christina:

<big><center>[[Clinical Case 9 - Page 3|'''BACK''']]</center></big>

Courtesy of C. Antonczyk

Duke was taken to surgery.

What would you do next?

*Click [[Clinical Case 9 - Page 5|here]] to see what the vet did.

Cases from General Practice - Small Animal

2008-06-25T20:56:08Z

Christina:

<big><center>[[Case Studies|'''BACK TO CASE STUDIES''']]</center></big>

<big>
'''[[Endocrinology - Small Animal|Endocrinology]]

'''[[Dermatology - Small Animal|Dermatology]]

'''[[Rabbit Medicine - Small Animal|Rabbit Medicine and Surgery]]

'''[[Cardiology - Small Animal|Cardiology]]

'''[[Emergencies - Small Animal|Emergencies]]
</big>

To view cases without the systems headings click [[Cases from General Practice - Small Animal Mixed|here]].

Cases from General Practice - Small Animal Mixed

2008-06-25T20:54:21Z

Christina:

<big><center>[[Cases from General Practice - Small Animal|'''BACK TO CASES FROM GENERAL PRACTICE - SMALL ANIMAL''']]</center></big>

[[Clinical Case 1]]

[[Clinical Case 2]]

[[Clinical Case 3]]

[[Clinical Case 4]]

[[Clinical Case 5]]- work in progress!

[[Clinical Case 6]]

[[Clinical Case 7]]

[[Clinical Case 8]]

[[Clinical Case 9]]- work in progress!

[[Clinical Case 10]]

[[Clinical Case 11]]

[[Clinical Case 12]]

[[Clinical Case 13]]- work in progress!

Clinical Case 13 - Page 3

2008-06-25T20:52:46Z

Christina: New page: <big><center>'''BACK'''</center></big> Courtesy of C. Antonczyk Thoracocentesis was performed. 300ml of straw coloured fluid were removed from the pleural c...

<big><center>[[Clinical Case 13 - Page 2|'''BACK''']]</center></big>

Courtesy of C. Antonczyk

Thoracocentesis was performed. 300ml of straw coloured fluid were removed from the pleural cavity.

Clinical Case 13 - Page 2

2008-06-25T20:46:32Z

Christina:

<big><center>[[Clinical Case 13|'''BACK''']]</center></big>

Courtesy of C. Antonczyk

Rafferty was deemed stable enough to take a conscious radiograph. Severely dyspneoic patients may not survive the stress of the procedure, so it is important to evaluate the patient carefully and be gentle during the examination.

Below is Rafferty's radiograph, the bright shadow in the lower left corner is a sandbag:

[[Image:Clinical Case 13 01.jpg|thumb|center|500px|(Courtesy of C. Antonczyk)]]

In order to reveal an answer, highlight the underlined or bulleted area using your mouse.
The number of bullet points doesn't necessarily indicate a strict number of answers.

What does the radiograph tell you?
* There is a pleural effusion 

What would you do next?

*Click [[Clinical Case 13 - Page 3|here]] to see what the vet did.

Clinical Case 13 - Page 2

2008-06-25T20:40:27Z

Christina:

<big><center>[[Clinical Case 13|'''BACK''']]</center></big>

Courtesy of C. Antonczyk

Rafferty was deemed stable enough to take a conscious radiograph. Severely dyspneoic patients may not survive the stress of the procedure, so it is important to evaluate the patient carefully and be gentle during the examination.

Below is Rafferty's radiograph:

[[Image:Clinical Case 13 01.jpg|thumb|center|500px|(Courtesy of C. Antonczyk)]]

In order to reveal an answer, highlight the underlined or bulleted area using your mouse.
The number of bullet points doesn't necessarily indicate a strict number of answers.

What does the radiograph tell you?
* There is a pleural effusion 

What would you do next?

*Click [[Clinical Case 13 - Page 3|here]] to see what the vet did.

File:Clinical Case 13 01.jpg

2008-06-25T20:38:50Z

Christina:

Clinical Case 13 - Page 2

2008-06-25T20:38:10Z

Christina: New page: <big><center>'''BACK'''</center></big> Courtesy of C. Antonczyk Rafferty was deemed stable enough to take a conscious radiograph. Severely dyspneoic patients may not...

Clinical Case 1 - Page 2

2008-06-25T20:27:29Z

Christina:

<big><center>[[Clinical Case 1|'''BACK''']]</center></big>

Courtesy of C. Antonczyk

A blood sample was taken from Shakespeare. The results are shown below:

==Biochemistry==
{| cellpadding="10" cellspacing="0" border="1"
|Total Protein
|68 g/L
|(54.0 - 80.0)
|-
|Albumin
|33 g/L
|(25.0 - 42.0)
|-
|Globulin
|35 g/L
|(25.0 - 45.0)
|-
|A:G ratio
|0.9
|(0.6 - 1.5)
|-
|Sodium
|157 mmol/L
|(125.0 - 160.0)
|-
|Potassium
|4.7 mmol/L
|(3.6 - 6.0)
|-
|Total Calcium
|2.38 mmol/L
|(2.0 - 3.0)
|-
|Urea
|10.9 mmol/L
|(4.0 - 12.0)
|-
|Creatinine
|100 umol/L
|(80 - 180)
|-
|ALP
|162 U/L HIGH
|(0.1 - 60.0)
|-
|ALT
|521 U/L HIGH
|(5.0 - 60.0)
|-
|Total bilirubin
|5.8 umol/L
|(0.1 - 10.0)
|-
|Glucose
|4.7 mmol/L
|(3.5 - 6.6)
|-
|}

==Haematology==

{| cellpadding="10" cellspacing="0" border="1"
|RBC
|9.22 x10^12/L
|(5.5 - 10.0)
|-
|Hb
|13.3 g/dL
|(9.0 - 17.0)
|-
|HCT
|45.2 %
|(27.0 - 50.0)
|-
|MCV
|49.0 fl
|(40.0 - 55.0)
|-
|MCH
|14.5 pg
|(13.0 - 21.0)
|-
|MCHC
|29.5 g/dL
|(29.0 - 36.5)
|-
|Plt
|797 x10^9/L HIGH
|(170 - 650)
|-
|WBCs
|12.10 x10^9/L
|(4.0 - 15.0)
|-
|Neutrophils
|7.99 x10^9/L 66%
|(2.5 - 12.5)
|-
|Lymphocytes
|2.30 x10^9/L 19%
|(1.2 - 7.0)
|-
|Monocytes
|0.12 x10^9/L 1%
|(0.0 - 0.8)
|-
|Eosinophils
|1.57 x10^9/L 13% HIGH
|(0.0 - 1.5)
|-
|Basophils
|0.12 x10^9/L 1%
|(0.0 - 0.2)
|-
|}

==Endocrinology==

Total T4 304.1 nmol/L (15.0-50.0) HIGH

What is your diagnosis?
* Shakespeare is hyperthyroid. T4 is over 6 times higher than it should be. ALP and ALT are increased which is very common in hyperthryoid cats, with approximately 9 out of 10 animals having raised enzyme levels. 

What are ALP and ALT short for? Where in the body do these enzymes come from?
* ALP is short for alkaline phosphatase. This enzyme is bound to the plasma membrane of hepatocytes and is also present in bone. ALT is short for alanine aminotransferase. This enzyme is found in the cytoplasm of hepatocytes and in muscle. 

What else might cause an increase in ALP in a cat, in the absence of jaundice?
* If an increase in ALP is due to liver damage, this is almost always severe enough to cause jaundice. In a cat that is not jaundiced, an increase in ALP is almost always due to hyperthyroidism. 

How would you treat this case?
* Shakespeare was treated with methimazole. The licenced product is called Felimazole® (Arnolds Veterinary Products). The initial dose is 2.5mg twice daily. By re-taking the total T4 level 3 weeks later the adequacy of the dose can be determined. It is important to satisfy yourself that the client is managing to give the tablets since in that case the cause of a second high T4 may be due to failure of the owner to administer the tablets! Another product, Vidalta® (Intervet UK), containing carbimazole has recently been licenced and has the advantage of only requiring once daily dosing. There are other treatment options. Surgical removal of the thyroid gland is possible. However, with unilateral excision there is a risk of recurrence (even if the other gland looks normal) and with bilateral excision there is a risk of iatrogenic hypoparathyroidism. Since hyperthyroid cats are high risk anaesthetic patients, they should be treated medically first. Another treatment, the current treatment of choice, is radioactive iodine treatment. Radioactive iodine concentrates in the thyroid gland and destroys it. However, few practices carry out this treatment, so the animal must usually be referred and the cat must remain at the centre for a long time. 

To find out more you can use [[CCSA1|this link]] to the relevant topics.

<big><center>[[Cases from General Practice - Small Animal|'''BACK TO CASES FROM GENERAL PRACTICE - SMALL ANIMAL''']]</center></big>

Clinical Case 13

2008-06-25T20:19:50Z

Christina: New page: <big><center>'''BACK'''</center></big> Courtesy of C. Antonczyk ==Signalment== "Rafferty", a 13 year old, male neutered domestic long hair cat is brought t...

<big><center>[[Cardiology - Small Animal|'''BACK''']]</center></big>

Courtesy of C. Antonczyk

==Signalment==

"Rafferty", a 13 year old, male neutered domestic long hair cat is brought to the practice for examination.

==History==

The owner is concerned about Rafferty's breathing. Rafferty had been fine, but on coming home that day she found he was breathing faster than normal. Up to then his appetite and drinking had been normal and she has noticed nothing else that is unusual. Upon further questioning, she says that Rafferty may have been a bit quieter for a few days beforehand.

==Clinical Examination==

On clinical examination, the vet finds the following:

*The mucous membranes are pink with a capillary refill time of 1 second.

*The respiratory rate is 96.

*The heart rate is 240, with a regular heart rhythm.

*Rafferty's temperature is 38.5°C

In order to reveal an answer, highlight the underlined or bulleted area using your mouse.
The number of bullet points doesn't necessarily indicate a strict number of answers.

What problems can you identify?
* Rafferty is tachycardic and tachpnoeic. 

What would you do now?
*Click [[Clinical Case 13 - Page 2|here]] to see what the vet did.

Clinical Case 12 - Page 4

2008-06-22T13:35:08Z

Christina:

<big><center>[[Clinical Case 12 - Page 3|'''BACK''']]</center></big>

Courtesy of C. Antonczyk

This image is as viewed under the x10 objective.

[[Image:Clinical Case 12 04.jpg|thumb|center|500px|(Courtesy of C. Antonczyk)]]

What is this?
* This is a mite. It has long slender pairs of legs making it a surface mite. The claw-like palps typical of this genus are also evident, identifying it as a ''Cheyletiella'' sp., the cause of walking dandruff. 

What is the life cycle of this parastite?
* Entire life cycle occurs on the host. Egg > larvae > nymphal stages > adult 

Why is Honey's cage mate unaffected?
* Many clinically normal rabbits harbour ''Cheyletiella'' mites. With the exception of young animals, clinical cheyletiellosis is usually a sign of underlying problems. It may be due to immunosuppression or conditions that prohibit adequate grooming, such as dental disease or back pain. Obese rabbits may also have difficulty grooming. 

Can this condition affect the owner?
* Yes, ''Cheyletiella'' spp. can cause a mildly pruritic dermatitis in humans. 

How is the condition treated?
* Honey was treated with 3 spot on applications of ivermectin, at 10 day intervals. The other rabbit was treated also. There was no obvious underlying condition and the owner declined further investigation. In addition, combing out of the scale was advised, as this removes the mites main food source. The rabbits' hutch must also be cleaned or treated as these mites can survive for up to 10 days in the environment. 

<big><center>[[Cases from General Practice - Small Animal|'''BACK TO CASES FROM GENERAL PRACTICE - SMALL ANIMAL''']]</center></big>

Clinical Case 12 - Page 4

2008-06-22T13:32:21Z

Christina:

Clinical Case 12 - Page 4

2008-06-22T13:09:10Z

Christina:

File:Clinical Case 12 04.jpg

2008-06-22T13:07:05Z

Christina:

Clinical Case 12 - Page 4

2008-06-22T13:05:56Z

Christina: New page: <big><center>'''BACK'''</center></big> Courtesy of C. Antonczyk This image is as viewed under the x10 objective. [[Image:Clinical Case 12 04.jpg|thumb|cent...

Clinical Case 12 - Page 3

2008-06-22T13:05:27Z

Christina:

File:Clinical Case 12 03.jpg

2008-06-22T13:04:41Z

Christina:

Clinical Case 12 - Page 3

2008-06-22T13:04:32Z

Christina: New page: <big><center>'''BACK'''</center></big> Courtesy of C. Antonczyk This image is as viewed under the x10 objective. [[Image:Clinical Case 12 03.jpg|thumb|cent...

<big><center>[[Clinical Case 12 - Page 2|'''BACK''']]</center></big>

Courtesy of C. Antonczyk

This image is as viewed under the x10 objective.

[[Image:Clinical Case 12 03.jpg|thumb|center|500px|(Courtesy of C. Antonczyk)]]

What is this?
* This is a mite.

Clinical Case 12 - Page 2

2008-06-22T13:01:32Z

Christina:

<big><center>[[Clinical Case 12|'''BACK''']]</center></big>

Courtesy of C. Antonczyk

A tape strip of the scale was taken and examined under the microscope.

This image is as viewed under the x10 objective.

[[Image:Clinical Case 12 02.jpg|thumb|center|500px|(Courtesy of C. Antonczyk)]]

In order to reveal an answer, highlight the underlined or bulleted area using your mouse.
The number of bullet points doesn't necessarily indicate a strict number of answers.

What is this?
* This is an egg that has been attached to a hair. 

*Click [[Clinical Case 12 - Page 3|here]] to see a further image.

Clinical Case 12 - Page 2

2008-06-22T13:01:06Z

Christina:

<big><center>[[Clinical Case 12|'''BACK''']]</center></big>

Courtesy of C. Antonczyk

A tape strip of the scale was taken and examined under the microscope.

This image is as viewed under the x10 objective.

[[Image:Clinical Case 12 02.jpg|thumb|center|500px|(Courtesy of C. Antonczyk)]]

What is this?
* This is an egg that has been attached to a hair. 

*Click [[Clinical Case 12 - Page 3|here]] to see a further image.

File:Clinical Case 12 02.jpg

2008-06-22T12:56:42Z

Christina:

Clinical Case 12 - Page 2

2008-06-22T12:56:34Z

Christina:

Clinical Case 12

2008-06-22T12:47:07Z

Christina:

<big><center>[[Rabbit Medicine - Small Animal|'''BACK''']]</center></big>

Courtesy of C. Antonczyk

==Signalment==

"Honey", a 2 year old female rabbit is brought in for vaccination.

==History==

The owner mentions to the vet that Honey needs a lot of grooming because she gets very scurfy.

==Clinical Examination==

The vet performs a clinical exam and finds the following:

*There is an area of alopecia and excessive scaling dorsally between the shoulder blades.

A picture of the area is shown.

[[Image:Clinical Case 12 01.jpg|thumb|center|500px|(Courtesy of C. Antonczyk)]]

What would you do next?

*Click [[Clinical Case 12 - Page 2|here]] to see what the vet did.

Clinical Case 12 - Page 2

2008-06-22T12:46:12Z

Christina:

<big><center>[[Clinical Case 12|'''BACK''']]</center></big>

Courtesy of C. Antonczyk

A tape strip of the scale was taken and examined under the microscope.

Clinical Case 12 - Page 2

2008-06-22T12:46:02Z

Christina: New page: <big><center>'''BACK'''</center></big> Courtesy of C. Antonczyk A tape strip of the scale was taken and examined under the microscope.

<big><center>[[Clinical Case 12|'''BACK''']]</center></big>

Courtesy of C. Antonczyk

A tape strip of the scale was taken and examined under the microscope.

Clinical Case 12

2008-06-22T12:43:01Z

Christina:

File:Clinical Case 12 01.jpg

2008-06-22T12:40:28Z

Christina:

Clinical Case 12

2008-06-22T12:39:56Z

Christina: New page: <big><center>'''BACK'''</center></big> Courtesy of C. Antonczyk ==Signalment== "Honey", a 2 year old female rabbit is brought in for vaccination. ==H...

<big><center>[[Rabbit Medicine - Small Animal|'''BACK''']]</center></big>

Courtesy of C. Antonczyk

==Signalment==

"Honey", a 2 year old female rabbit is brought in for vaccination.

==History==

The owner mentions to the vet that Honey needs a lot of grooming because she gets very scurfy.

==Clinical Examination==

The vet performs a clinical exam and finds the following:

*There is an area of alopecia and excessive scaling dorsally between the shoulder blades.

A picture of the area is shown.

[[Image:Clinical Case 12 01.jpg|thumb|center|500px|(Courtesy of C. Antonczyk)]]

<big><center>[[Cases from General Practice - Small Animal|'''BACK TO CASES FROM GENERAL PRACTICE - SMALL ANIMAL''']]</center></big>

Clinical Case 11

2008-06-22T12:23:53Z

Christina:

<big><center>[[Rabbit Medicine - Small Animal|'''BACK''']]</center></big>

Courtesy of C. Antonczyk

==Signalment==

"Nibbles", a 6 month old female rabbit is brought in for vaccination.

==History==

The owner has no particular concerns about Nibbles.

==Clinical Examination==

The vet performs a clinical exam and finds the following:

*The inside of the pinnae look scaly and on closer examination small organisms can be seen moving about the external ear canal.

A close-up picture of one of these organisms is shown, taken under the x10 objective:

[[Image:Clinical Case 11 01.jpg|thumb|center|500px|(Courtesy of C. Antonczyk)]]

In order to reveal an answer, highlight the underlined or bulleted area using your mouse.
The number of bullet points doesn't necessarily indicate a strict number of answers.

What is this?
* This is the rabbit ear mite. 

What is its latin name?
* ''Psoroptes cuniculi'' 

How would you treat this condition?
* This rabbit was treated with 3 spot-on applications of ivermectin at weekly intervals. Ear drops may also be effective. 

<big><center>[[Cases from General Practice - Small Animal|'''BACK TO CASES FROM GENERAL PRACTICE - SMALL ANIMAL''']]</center></big>

Cases from General Practice - Small Animal Mixed

2008-06-22T12:21:18Z

Christina:

Clinical Case 4 - Page 4

2008-02-25T21:29:29Z

Christina:

<big><center>[[Clinical Case 4 - Page 3|'''BACK''']]</center></big>

Courtesy of C. Antonczyk

This image is as viewed under the x10 objective.

[[Image:Clinical Case 4 03.jpg|thumb|center|500px|(Courtesy of C. Antonczyk)]]

What is this?
* This is a mite. It has short, stumpy legs, making it a burrowing mite. This is ''Sarcoptes scabiei'' var canis, the sarcoptic mange mite of dogs. IMPORTANT: sarcoptic mange mites are not easy to find. Even a good skin scrape may only yield a single mite (or none at all). Therefore it is important to scan the ENTIRE slide for mites. Usually they are still moving, making them a little easier to spot. Sometimes all that can be found is an egg and, if you can identify it as such, this is enough to make a diagnosis. The author uses the x10 objective to scan slides for sarcoptic mange mites. As you can see from the previous picture, they can be easy to miss under the x4. 

Can this condition affect the owner?
* Yes. WARN THE OWNER THAT THIS IS A ZOONOTIC DISEASE. ''Sarcoptes scabiei'' is host adapted and is therefore unlikely to flourish on a human host, but it is still capable of causing an irritating rash. This is most commonly found on the hands and arms of the owner, where they come into contact with the dog. In humans, the lesions sometimes take on the appearance of raised tunnels. Immunocompromised people can develop a very severe form of the disease with extensive crusting, known as Norwegian scabies. This is useful to know to help with diagnosis of the animal's condition but do not be tempted to treat the owner! A vet should never advise the owner on this, except to see their GP.

How is this condition treated?
* Molly was treated with two appliations of selamectin, one month apart.

What else should you advise the owner to do?
* Treat the other dog.

Why do you think there is a soft, fluctuant swelling on Molly's ear? How is this treated?
* This is an aural haematoma and is most often seen in conjunction with ear disease. In this case it may be related to trauma as a result of head shaking and scratching. Aural haematomas are best treated surgically.

To find out more you can use the link [[CCSA4|HERE]].

<big><center>[[Cases from General Practice - Small Animal|'''BACK TO CASES FROM GENERAL PRACTICE - SMALL ANIMAL''']]</center></big>

Clinical Case 4 - Page 4

2008-02-25T21:29:05Z

Christina:

Cases from General Practice - Small Animal Mixed

2008-02-25T21:23:59Z

Christina:

Clinical Case 11

2008-02-25T21:23:30Z

Christina:

<big><center>[[Dermatology - Small Animal|'''BACK''']]</center></big>

Courtesy of C. Antonczyk

==Signalment==

"Nibbles", a 6 month old female rabbit is brought in for vaccination.

==History==

The owner has no particular concerns about Nibbles.

==Clinical Examination==

The vet performs a clinical exam and finds the following:

*The inside of the pinnae look scaly and on closer examination small organisms can be seen moving about the external ear canal.

A close-up picture of one of these organisms is shown, taken under the x10 objective:

[[Image:Clinical Case 11 01.jpg|thumb|center|500px|(Courtesy of C. Antonczyk)]]

In order to reveal an answer, highlight the underlined or bulleted area using your mouse.
The number of bullet points doesn't necessarily indicate a strict number of answers.

What is this?
* This is the rabbit ear mite. 

What is its latin name?
* ''Psoroptes cuniculi'' 

How would you treat this condition?
* This rabbit was treated with 3 spot-on applications of ivermectin at weekly intervals. Ear drops may also be effective. 

<big><center>[[Cases from General Practice - Small Animal|'''BACK TO CASES FROM GENERAL PRACTICE - SMALL ANIMAL''']]</center></big>

Clinical Case 11

2008-02-25T21:22:30Z

Christina:

File:Clinical Case 11 01.jpg

2008-02-25T21:15:47Z

Christina:

Clinical Case 11

2008-02-25T21:15:27Z

Christina: New page: <big><center>'''BACK'''</center></big> Courtesy of C. Antonczyk ==Signalment== "Nibbles", a 6 month old female rabbit is brought in for vaccination. ==Hi...

<big><center>[[Dermatology - Small Animal|'''BACK''']]</center></big>

Courtesy of C. Antonczyk

==Signalment==

"Nibbles", a 6 month old female rabbit is brought in for vaccination.

==History==

The owner has no concerns particular concerns about Nibbles.

==Clinical Examination==

The vet performs a clinical exam and finds the following:

*The inside of the pinnae look scaly and on closer examination small organisms can be seen moving about the external ear canal.

A close-up picture of one of these organisms is shown, taken under the x10 objective:

[[Image:Clinical Case 11 01.jpg|thumb|center|500px|(Courtesy of C. Antonczyk)]]

In order to reveal an answer, highlight the underlined or bulleted area using your mouse.
The number of bullet points doesn't necessarily indicate a strict number of answers.

What is this?
* . 

*Click [[Clinical Case 8 - Page 2|here]] to view some of the wax under the microscope.

Cases from General Practice - Small Animal Mixed

2008-02-25T21:06:21Z

Christina:

Clinical Case 9

2008-02-25T21:05:42Z

Christina:

<big><center>[[Emergencies - Small Animal|'''BACK''']]</center></big>

Courtesy of C. Antonczyk

==Signalment==

The owner of "Duke", a 4 year old Great Dane, calls the emergency out of hours service as he is concerned about him.

==History==

Duke's owner explains that he has fed Duke earlier in the evening but now he appears unwell. Duke is making retching noises but, apart from copious amounts of saliva is not producing anything from the mouth. Duke's owner also thinks that he looks bloated.

In order to reveal an answer, highlight the underlined or bulleted area using your mouse.
The number of bullet points doesn't necessarily indicate a strict number of answers.

It is 2am in the morning. Are you going to see this dog before surgery starts at 8:30?
* Yes! This could be a life-threatening condition. 

Click [[Clinical Case 9 - Page 2|here]] to see what the vet did.

Clinical Case 9 - Page 2

2008-02-25T21:05:28Z

Christina:

<big><center>[[Clinical Case 9|'''BACK''']]</center></big>

Courtesy of C. Antonczyk

The owner was asked to bring Duke to the practice as quickly as possible. On admission, the vet finds the following:

==Clinical Examination==

The vet performs a clinical exam and finds the following:

*Duke is dull and cooperative (even though he is normally aggressive and impossible to examine).
*The heart rate is 200 beats per minute and the mucous membranes appear pale with prolonged capillary refill time.
*Peripheral pulses appear weak.
*Duke's abdomen is visibly distended and there is a firm oblong viscous pressed firmly against the left body wall.
*Duke is making unproductive retching attempts.

What is the most likely diagnosis?
* Gastric dilation-volvulus. 

What do you think can be felt along the left body wall?
* The spleen. This organ often distends in this condition and is being pressed against the body wall by the enlarged stomach. 

What would you do next?

*Click [[Clinical Case 9 - Page 3|here]] to see what the vet did.

Clinical Case 9 - Page 2

2008-02-25T21:05:02Z

Christina:

<big><center>[[Clinical Case 9|'''BACK''']]</center></big>

Courtesy of C. Antonczyk

The owner was asked to bring Duke to the practice as quickly as possible. On admission, the vet finds the following:

==Clinical Examination==

The vet performs a clinical exam and finds the following:

*Duke is dull and cooperative (even though he is normally aggressive and impossible to examine).
*The heart rate is 200 beats per minute and the mucous membranes appear pale with prolonged capillary refill time.
*Peripheral pulses appear weak.
*Duke's abdomen is visibly distended and there is a firm oblong viscous pressed firmly against the left body wall.
*Duke is making unproductive retching attempts.

In order to reveal an answer, highlight the underlined or bulleted area using your mouse.
The number of bullet points doesn't necessarily indicate a strict number of answers.

What is the most likely diagnosis?
* Gastric dilation-volvulus. 

What do you think can be felt along the left body wall?
* The spleen. This organ often distends in this condition and is being pressed against the body wall by the enlarged stomach. 

What would you do next?

*Click [[Clinical Case 9 - Page 3|here]] to see what the vet did.

Clinical Case 8

2008-02-25T21:04:20Z

Christina:

<big><center>[[Dermatology - Small Animal|'''BACK''']]</center></big>

Courtesy of C. Antonczyk

==Signalment==

"Jamie", a 6 month old, male DSH cat has been admitted for routine castration.

==History==

Jamie's owner has no particular concerns about him but does tell you that he occasionally sees Jamie scratching at his ears.

==Clinical Examination==

The vet performs a clinical exam and finds the following:

*There are moderate amounts of dark crumbly wax in both ears and when examining these with an otoscope, Jamie makes vigorous attempts to scratch at them.

A picture of one of the ears is shown.
[[Image:Clinical Case 8 01.jpg|thumb|center|500px|(Courtesy of C. Antonczyk)]]

In order to reveal an answer, highlight the underlined or bulleted area using your mouse.
The number of bullet points doesn't necessarily indicate a strict number of answers.

What is the most common cause for pruritic ears of this appearance in a young cat?
* Ear mites. 

What might you expect to see on otoscopic examination?
* You will usually be able to see the mites as tiny white dots crawling around the ear. 

*Click [[Clinical Case 8 - Page 2|here]] to view some of the wax under the microscope.

Clinical Case 7 - Page 3

2008-02-25T21:04:00Z

Christina:

<big><center>[[Clinical Case 7 - Page 2|'''BACK''']]</center></big>

Courtesy of C. Antonczyk

[[Image:Clinical Case 7 03.jpg|thumb|center|500px|(Courtesy of C. Antonczyk)]]

In order to reveal an answer, highlight the underlined or bulleted area using your mouse.
The number of bullet points doesn't necessarily indicate a strict number of answers.

What is this?
* This is a tick. It has 3 pairs of legs which makes it a larval tick. Nymphs and adults have four pairs of legs. 

How would you treat this condition?
* Fin was treated with a spot on application of fipronil and as many of the parasites as possible were removed manually. Care must be taken not to break off the mouth parts when reomoving ticks as they can cause an irritating local reaction. 

<big><center>[[Cases from General Practice - Small Animal|'''BACK TO CASES FROM GENERAL PRACTICE - SMALL ANIMAL''']]</center></big>

Clinical Case 6 - Page 3

2008-02-25T21:03:27Z

Christina:

<big><center>[[Clinical Case 6 - Page 2|'''BACK''']]</center></big>

Courtesy of C. Antonczyk

This image is as viewed under the x10 objective.

[[Image:Clinical Case 6 04.jpg|thumb|center|500px|(Courtesy of C. Antonczyk)]]

In order to reveal an answer, highlight the underlined or bulleted area using your mouse.
The number of bullet points doesn't necessarily indicate a strict number of answers.

What is this?
* This is a mite. It has long legs, making it a surface mite. It also has large claw-like palps, identifying it as a ''Cheyletiella'' sp. ''Cheyletiella yasguri'' is the most common species on the dog, but this mite is not completely host specific. Animals that are being treated with immunosuppressive drugs are more likely to be affected by clinical cheyletiellosis, perhaps reflecting a loss of the normal host-parasite balance. 

Can this condition affect the owner?
* Yes. Owners may develop red papules in areas of prolonged contact with their pets, often on the chest and abdomen, as well as the arms. 

How is this condition treated?
* There is no licenced treatment for cheyletiellosis. Various treatments can be used, including fipronil spray and selamectin. As well as treating the affected animal, any in-contact animals should be treated. To be effective, treatment duration often needs to be at least 2 months (e.g. two applications of selamectin) The environment must also be treated with an effective flea spray. The affected animal may benefit from shampooing with selenium sulphide shampoo. 

To find out more you can use the link [[CCSA6|HERE]].

<big><center>[[Cases from General Practice - Small Animal|'''BACK TO CASES FROM GENERAL PRACTICE - SMALL ANIMAL''']]</center></big>

Clinical Case 10

2008-02-25T21:02:16Z

Christina:

<big><center>[[Dermatology - Small Animal|'''BACK''']]</center></big>

Courtesy of C. Antonczyk

==Signalment==

The owner of "Snowy" and "Blackie", two DSH cats, has brought them in for vaccination.

==History==

The owner reports that he is happy with his pets' health, but he is concerned they may have worms. While cleaning one of their beds, the owner noticed some white organisms at the bottom of the bed which were a few millimeters in length and look grossly like maggots. He has brought some of these in to show the vet.

The vet examines these organisms under the microscope:

This image is taken under the x4 objective

[[Image:Clinical Case 10 01.jpg|thumb|center|500px|(Courtesy of C. Antonczyk)]]

In order to reveal an answer, highlight the underlined or bulleted area using your mouse.
The number of bullet points doesn't necessarily indicate a strict number of answers.

What are these?
* These are flea larvae which may be found in the homes of animals infested with fleas. It is not unusual to find flea larvae when shaking out the bedding and, mixed with the dark faeces of the adult fleas, the debris from the animal's bed can be described as having a salt and pepper appearance. 

What would you treat the animals with?
* The cats should be treated with an product that will kill adult fleas, and the environment should also be treated with an effective flea spray. 

<big><center>[[Cases from General Practice - Small Animal|'''BACK TO CASES FROM GENERAL PRACTICE - SMALL ANIMAL''']]</center></big>

Clinical Case 10

2008-02-25T20:58:38Z

Christina:

<big><center>[[Dermatology - Small Animal|'''BACK''']]</center></big>

Courtesy of C. Antonczyk

==Signalment==

The owner of "Snowy" and "Blackie", two DSH cats, has brought them in for vaccination.

==History==

The owner reports that he is happy with his pets' health, but he is concerned they may have worms. While cleaning one of their beds, the owner noticed some white organisms at the bottom of the bed which were a few millimeters in length and look grossly like maggots. He has brought some of these in to show the vet.

The vet examines these organisms under the microscope:

This image is taken under the x4 objective

[[Image:Clinical Case 10 01.jpg|thumb|center|500px|(Courtesy of C. Antonczyk)]]

What are these?
* These are flea larvae which may be found in the homes of animals infested with fleas. It is not unusual to find flea larvae when shaking out the bedding and, mixed with the dark faeces of the adult fleas, the debris from the animal's bed can be described as having a salt and pepper appearance. 

What would you treat the animals with?
* The cats should be treated with an product that will kill adult fleas, and the environment should also be treated with an effective flea spray. 

<big><center>[[Cases from General Practice - Small Animal|'''BACK TO CASES FROM GENERAL PRACTICE - SMALL ANIMAL''']]</center></big>

Clinical Case 10

2008-02-25T20:57:22Z

Christina:

<big><center>[[Dermatology - Small Animal|'''BACK''']]</center></big>

Courtesy of C. Antonczyk

==Signalment==

The owner of "Snowy" and "Blackie", two DSH cats, has brought them in for vaccination.

==History==

The owner reports that he is happy with his pets' health, but he is concerned they may have worms. While cleaning one of their beds, the owner noticed some white organisms at the bottom of the bed which were a few millimeters in length and look grossly like maggots. He has brought some of these in to show the vet.

The vet examines these organisms under the microscope:

This image is taken under the x4 objective

[[Image:Clinical Case 10 01.jpg|thumb|center|500px|(Courtesy of C. Antonczyk)]]

What are these?
* These are flea larvae which may be found in the homes of animals infested with fleas. It is not unusual to find flea larvae when shaking out the bedding and, mixed with the dark faeces of the adult fleas, the debris from the animal's bed can be described as having a salt and pepper appearance. 

What would you treat the animals with?
* The cats should be treated with an product that will kill adult fleas, and the environment should also be treated with an effective flea spray.

File:Clinical Case 10 01.jpg

2008-02-25T20:47:52Z

Christina:

Clinical Case 10

2008-02-25T20:47:32Z

Christina: New page: <big><center>'''BACK'''</center></big> Courtesy of C. Antonczyk ==Signalment== The owner of "Snowy" and "Blackie", two DSH cats has brought them in for va...

<big><center>[[Dermatology - Small Animal|'''BACK''']]</center></big>

Courtesy of C. Antonczyk

==Signalment==

The owner of "Snowy" and "Blackie", two DSH cats has brought them in for vaccination.

==History==

The owner reports that he is happy with his pets' health, but he is concerned they may have worms. While cleaning one of their cat beds, the owner noticed some white organisms at the bottom of the bed which were a few millimeters in length and look grossly like maggots. He has brought some of these in to show the vet.

The vet examines these organisms under the microscope:

This image is taken under the x4 objective

[[Image:Clinical Case 10 01.jpg|thumb|center|500px|(Courtesy of C. Antonczyk)]]

Clinical Case 6 - Page 3

2008-02-25T20:36:49Z

Christina:

<big><center>[[Clinical Case 6 - Page 2|'''BACK''']]</center></big>

Courtesy of C. Antonczyk

This image is as viewed under the x10 objective.

[[Image:Clinical Case 6 04.jpg|thumb|center|500px|(Courtesy of C. Antonczyk)]]

What is this?
* This is a mite. It has long legs, making it a surface mite. It also has large claw-like palps, identifying it as a ''Cheyletiella'' sp. ''Cheyletiella yasguri'' is the most common species on the dog, but this mite is not completely host specific. Animals that are being treated with immunosuppressive drugs are more likely to be affected by clinical cheyletiellosis, perhaps reflecting a loss of the normal host-parasite balance. 

Can this condition affect the owner?
* Yes. Owners may develop red papules in areas of prolonged contact with their pets, often on the chest and abdomen, as well as the arms. 

How is this condition treated?
* There is no licenced treatment for cheyletiellosis. Various treatments can be used, including fipronil spray and selamectin. As well as treating the affected animal, any in-contact animals should be treated. To be effective, treatment duration often needs to be at least 2 months (e.g. two applications of selamectin) The environment must also be treated with an effective flea spray. The affected animal may benefit from shampooing with selenium sulphide shampoo. 

To find out more you can use the link [[CCSA6|HERE]].

<big><center>[[Cases from General Practice - Small Animal|'''BACK TO CASES FROM GENERAL PRACTICE - SMALL ANIMAL''']]</center></big>