https://en.wikivet.net/api.php?action=feedcontributions&feedformat=atom&user=Lilylovesdonkeys 2026-07-25T22:29:29Z User contributions MediaWiki 1.35.0 https://en.wikivet.net/index.php?title=Carpal_and_Digital_Muscles_-_Horse_Anatomy&diff=207725 2022-06-16T10:48:16Z

<p>Lilylovesdonkeys: /* Flexors */</p> <hr /> <div>{{OpenPagesTop}}<br /> ==Introduction==<br /> The horse, as well as other domestic mammals, have a limited range of motion in the carpal joints compared with humans; therefore these muscles act as either extensors or flexors.<br /> <br /> =='''Extensors'''==<br /> <br /> The extensors are located at the craniolateral position on the forearm, almost all originate from the lateral '''epicondyle of the [[Limb Bones and Cartilages - Horse Anatomy#Humerus|humerus]]'''. All of these muscles are innervated by the '''radial n'''. from the brachial plexus.<br /> <br /> '''''Extensor carpi radialis'''''<br /> :The most medial<br /> ::'''Insertion''': Metacarpal tuberosity of the proximal [[Limb Bones and Cartilages - Horse Anatomy#Metacarpals and Metatarsals|third metacarpal]] (cannon) bone. Uniquely in the horse, the lacertus fibrosus (detachment of the ''biceps brachii'') joins this muscle prior to its insertion. <br /> ::'''Action''': Extends and fixes the [[Joints and Ligaments - Horse Anatomy#Carpal Joint|carpus]], flexes the [[Joints and Ligaments - Horse Anatomy#Elbow Joint|elbow]]<br /> <br /> '''''Extensor carpi obliquus''''' (aka '''''abductor pollicis longus''''')<br /> :'''Origin''': Cranial [[Limb Bones and Cartilages - Horse Anatomy#Radius and Ulna|radius]]<br /> :'''Insertion''': Head of [[Limb Bones and Cartilages - Horse Anatomy#Metacarpals and Metatarsals|second metacarpal]] (medial splint) bone<br /> <br /> '''''Common Digital Extensor'''''<br /> : Deep to the ''extensor carpi radialis''<br /> :'''Insertion''': Extensor process of the [[Phalanges - Horse Anatomy#Distal Phalanx|distal phalanx]] via the [[Tendons - Horse Anatomy#Extensors|common digital extensor tendon]].<br /> :'''Action''': Extends [[Joints and Ligaments - Horse Anatomy#Carpal Joint|carpus]] and digit<br /> <br /> '''''Lateral Digital Extensor'''''<br /> : Caudal to the ''common digital extensor'' muscle on the lateral antebrachium<br /> :'''Insertion''': Dorsal [[Phalanges - Horse Anatomy#Proximal Phalanx|proximal phalanx]] via the [[Tendons - Horse Anatomy#Extensors|lateral digital extensor tendon]].<br /> :'''Action''': Extends the [[Joints and Ligaments - Horse Anatomy#Carpal Joint|carpus]] and [[Joints and Ligaments - Horse Anatomy#Metacarpophalangeal (Fetlock) Joint|metacarpophalangeal]] (fetlock) joint<br /> <br /> =='''Flexors'''==<br /> <br /> These muscles are at the caudal position on the forearm. They originate from the '''caudal medial epicondyle of the [[Limb Bones and Cartilages - Horse Anatomy#Humerus|humerus]]''' and are innervated by the '''median or ulnar n.''' of the brachial plexus.<br /> <br /> '''''Flexor carpi radialis'''''<br /> :The most medial, inserts on the proximal part of the [[Limb Bones and Cartilages - Horse Anatomy#Metacarpals and Metatarsals|second metacarpal]] (medial splint)bone<br /> <br /> '''''Flexor carpi ulnaris''''' <br /> :The most lateral, inserts on the [[Limb Bones and Cartilages - Horse Anatomy#Carpal Bones|accessory carpal bone]].<br /> <br /> '''''Ulnaris lateralis'''''<br /> :The most caudolateral<br /> :'''Insertion''': [[Limb Bones and Cartilages - Horse Anatomy#Carpal Bones|accessory carpal bone]] and the [[Limb Bones and Cartilages - Horse Anatomy#Metacarpals and Metatarsals|fourth metacarpal]] (lateral splint) bone.<br /> :'''Action''': Flexes the [[Joints and Ligaments - Horse Anatomy#Carpal Joint|carpus]] rather than extends it, due to its insertion caudal to the [[Joints and Ligaments - Horse Anatomy#Carpal Joint|carpal joint]] axis. <br /> <br /> '''''Superficial Digital Flexor'''''<br /> : Overlies, and is partially fused with, the ''deep digital flexor'' muscle.<br /> :'''Insertion''': Proximal extremity of [[Phalanges - Horse Anatomy#Middle Phalanx|middle phalanx]] and the distal extremity of [[Phalanges - Horse Anatomy#Proximal Phalanx|proximal phalanx]] via the [[Tendons - Horse Anatomy#Flexors|superficial digital flexor tendon]].<br /> <br /> '''''Deep Digital Flexor'''''<br /> :Deep to the ''superficial digital flexor'' muscle and flexor muscles of the [[Joints and Ligaments - Horse Anatomy#Carpal Joint|carpus]]. Passes through the carpal canal before branching and continues to insert on the palmar [[Phalanges - Horse Anatomy#Distal Phalanx|distal phalanx]] via the [[Tendons - Horse Anatomy#Flexors|deep digital flexor tendon]].<br /> <br /> '''''Interosseus muscle/Suspensory ligament'''''<br /> :This is covered in more detail in the [[Tendons - Horse Anatomy|Equine Tendons]] section.<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> {{review}}<br /> {{OpenPages}}<br /> [[Category:Muscles - Horse Anatomy]]</div>

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