https://en.wikivet.net/api.php?action=feedcontributions&feedformat=atom&user=NfarrWikiVet English - User contributions [en]2026-07-11T18:51:17ZUser contributionsMediaWiki 1.35.0https://en.wikivet.net/index.php?title=African_Horse_Sickness&diff=106873African Horse Sickness2011-02-09T06:52:14Z<p>Nfarr: /* Current Relevance */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{unfinished}}<br />
<br />
====Antigenicity====<br />
*9 serotypes<br />
<br />
====Hosts====<br />
*Clinical: horses, mules, donkeys<br />
*Subclinical: african donkeys, zebras<br />
<br />
====Pathogenesis====<br />
*Virus oscillates between horses and midges<br />
**Replicates in the salivary glands of biting midges, and occurs where they breed<br />
*'''Pantropic''' virus: infects endothelium and myocardium<br />
*'''Peracute''': causes sudden death with pyrexia before the onset of clinical signs<br />
*Two forms:<br />
**'''Acute cardac-pneumonic form''': <br />
***Interlobular pulmonary oedema<br />
***Pericarditis<br />
***Hemorrhage and oedema of the viscera<br />
***Death within 5 days<br />
**'''Subacute cardiac form''':<br />
***Milder clinical signs but still a high mortality rate<br />
<br />
====Diagnosis====<br />
*Clinical signs<br />
*Differential: Equine Arteritis Virus (EAV)<br />
**EAV causes oedema in the legs, which AHS does NOT<br />
*Suckling mouse inoculation<br />
*Virus serotype identification<br />
*Serology<br />
*RT-PCR will be used in future outbreaks<br />
<br />
====Control====<br />
Control measures are largely preventative:<br />
*Slaughter or immediate isolation of sick animals<br />
*Mandatory and immediate vaccination with appropriate serotype<br />
*Restricted movement of susceptible animals<br />
**Protection zones and Surveillance zones set in place around outbreaks<br />
*Control of vector: ectoparasiticides, etc.<br />
<br />
====Current Relevance====<br />
*Once only found in Africa, but since 1987 has recurred in Spain and Portugal<br />
*Not present currently in the UK but global warming has expanded midge breeding grounds<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Image:Lung oedema in African horse sickness.jpg|right|thumb|100px|<small><center>Lung oedema in African horse sickness (Image sourced from Bristol Biomed Image Archive with permission)</center></small>]]<br />
<br />
*Caused by [[Orbiviruses|orbivirus]], family reoviridae<br />
*Respiratory distress or cardiovascular failure<br />
*Rapid death due to massive [[Lungs Circulatory - Pathology#Pulmonary oedema|pulmonary oedema]]<br />
*[[Pleural Cavity & Membranes Degenerative - Pathology#Hydrothorax|Hydrothorax]] may also develop<br />
*Large amounts of froth present in airways<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Orbiviruses]][[Category:Horse Viruses]][[Category:To_Do_-_Clinical/Viruses]]<br />
[[Category:Respiratory_Viral_Infections]]<br />
[[Category:Respiratory Diseases - Horse]]</div>Nfarr