https://en.wikivet.net/api.php?action=feedcontributions&user=Charliecoles&feedformat=atomWikiVet English - User contributions [en]2024-03-29T14:20:37ZUser contributionsMediaWiki 1.35.0https://en.wikivet.net/index.php?title=Veterinary_Education_Online&diff=208453Veterinary Education Online2023-07-27T15:06:09Z<p>Charliecoles: /* View The Webinar Vet's Upcoming Events */</p>
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<!---------------------------News--------------------><br />
<div class="MainPageBG" style="border:1px solid #5B9DA7; background:#f5faff; color:#000; padding:0 14px 8px; margin-top:7px;">[[File:TWV Events Page.png|left|thumb|300x300px]]<br />
<br />
== View The Webinar Vet's Upcoming Events ==<br />
<br />
Deepen your veterinary expertise with our key events: immerse in pet health, understand feline behaviour in rescue contexts, and confront pet obesity with industry leaders.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
Including Virtual Veterinary Congress 2024<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
View the page [https://thewebinarvet.com/events here]<br />
==Latest Video==<br />
<br />
In this video, Sarah Heath talks about behavioural first aid for the confrontational dog. Sarah Heath BVSc PgCertVE DipECAWBM(BM) CCAB FRCVS is both an RCVS and an EBVS ® European Veterinary Specialist in Behavioural Medicine as well as a Certified Clinical Animal Behaviourist. She was made a Fellow of the Royal College of Veterinary Surgeons in recognition of her work in establishing behavioural medicine as a veterinary discipline. In this video, Sarah explains how to advise clients to manage cases until referral is possible. <br />
{{#ev:youtube|QGQAwXNtkY0}}<br />
<br />
<br />
==VETchat Podcast==<br />
[[File:VetChat Logo.png|left|frameless]]Looking for on-the-go content on all things veterinary? VETchat by The Webinar Vet brings you exclusive discussions with members all across the veterinary profession. From hot topical debates to mini CPD/CE lessons, we cover just about everything! Join us weekly to learn, be inspired, and be entertained.<br />
Listen to all episodes [https://www.thewebinarvet.com/pages/vetchat-podcasts/ HERE]<br />
<br />
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[[es:Página Principal]]<br />
[[fr:Accueil]]</div>Charliecoleshttps://en.wikivet.net/index.php?title=Veterinary_Education_Online&diff=208452Veterinary Education Online2023-07-27T15:05:16Z<p>Charliecoles: /* View The Webinar Vet's Upcoming Events */</p>
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<div id="mp-welcome">Welcome to [[Main Page|WikiVet]],</div><br />
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<!---------------------------News--------------------><br />
<div class="MainPageBG" style="border:1px solid #5B9DA7; background:#f5faff; color:#000; padding:0 14px 8px; margin-top:7px;">[[File:TWV Events Page.png|left|thumb|300x300px]]<br />
<br />
== View The Webinar Vet's Upcoming Events ==<br />
<br />
Deepen your veterinary expertise with our key events: immerse in pet health, understand feline behaviour in rescue contexts, and confront pet obesity with industry leaders.<br />
<br />
<br />
Including Virtual Veterinary Congress 2023<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
View the page [https://thewebinarvet.com/events here]<br />
==Latest Video==<br />
<br />
In this video, Sarah Heath talks about behavioural first aid for the confrontational dog. Sarah Heath BVSc PgCertVE DipECAWBM(BM) CCAB FRCVS is both an RCVS and an EBVS ® European Veterinary Specialist in Behavioural Medicine as well as a Certified Clinical Animal Behaviourist. She was made a Fellow of the Royal College of Veterinary Surgeons in recognition of her work in establishing behavioural medicine as a veterinary discipline. In this video, Sarah explains how to advise clients to manage cases until referral is possible. <br />
{{#ev:youtube|QGQAwXNtkY0}}<br />
<br />
<br />
==VETchat Podcast==<br />
[[File:VetChat Logo.png|left|frameless]]Looking for on-the-go content on all things veterinary? VETchat by The Webinar Vet brings you exclusive discussions with members all across the veterinary profession. From hot topical debates to mini CPD/CE lessons, we cover just about everything! Join us weekly to learn, be inspired, and be entertained.<br />
Listen to all episodes [https://www.thewebinarvet.com/pages/vetchat-podcasts/ HERE]<br />
<br />
==Social Media==<br />
{| style="float:right; margin-left: 10px;" ><br />
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<br />
[[es:Página Principal]]<br />
[[fr:Accueil]]</div>Charliecoleshttps://en.wikivet.net/index.php?title=Veterinary_Education_Online&diff=208451Veterinary Education Online2023-07-27T15:04:25Z<p>Charliecoles: /* View The Webinar Vet's Upcoming Events */</p>
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<!---------------------------News--------------------><br />
<div class="MainPageBG" style="border:1px solid #5B9DA7; background:#f5faff; color:#000; padding:0 14px 8px; margin-top:7px;">[[File:TWV Events Page.png|left|thumb|300x300px]]<br />
<br />
== View The Webinar Vet's Upcoming Events ==<br />
<br />
Deepen your veterinary expertise with our key events: immerse in pet health, understand feline behaviour in rescue contexts, and confront pet obesity with industry leaders.<br />
<br />
<br />
View the page [https://thewebinarvet.com/events here]<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
==Latest Video==<br />
<br />
In this video, Sarah Heath talks about behavioural first aid for the confrontational dog. Sarah Heath BVSc PgCertVE DipECAWBM(BM) CCAB FRCVS is both an RCVS and an EBVS ® European Veterinary Specialist in Behavioural Medicine as well as a Certified Clinical Animal Behaviourist. She was made a Fellow of the Royal College of Veterinary Surgeons in recognition of her work in establishing behavioural medicine as a veterinary discipline. In this video, Sarah explains how to advise clients to manage cases until referral is possible. <br />
{{#ev:youtube|QGQAwXNtkY0}}<br />
<br />
<br />
==VETchat Podcast==<br />
[[File:VetChat Logo.png|left|frameless]]Looking for on-the-go content on all things veterinary? VETchat by The Webinar Vet brings you exclusive discussions with members all across the veterinary profession. From hot topical debates to mini CPD/CE lessons, we cover just about everything! Join us weekly to learn, be inspired, and be entertained.<br />
Listen to all episodes [https://www.thewebinarvet.com/pages/vetchat-podcasts/ HERE]<br />
<br />
==Social Media==<br />
{| style="float:right; margin-left: 10px;" ><br />
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<br />
[[es:Página Principal]]<br />
[[fr:Accueil]]</div>Charliecoleshttps://en.wikivet.net/index.php?title=Veterinary_Education_Online&diff=208450Veterinary Education Online2023-07-27T15:03:52Z<p>Charliecoles: </p>
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<div id="articlecount">[[Special:Statistics|{{NUMBEROFARTICLES}}]] articles in English</div><br />
</div><br />
<ul id="mp-portals"><br />
<li>[[CPD Events]]</li><br />
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</div><br />
<!---------------------------News--------------------><br />
<div class="MainPageBG" style="border:1px solid #5B9DA7; background:#f5faff; color:#000; padding:0 14px 8px; margin-top:7px;">[[File:TWV Events Page.png|left|thumb|300x300px]]<br />
<br />
== View The Webinar Vet's Upcoming Events ==<br />
<br />
Deepen your veterinary expertise with our key events: immerse in pet health, understand feline behaviour in rescue contexts, and confront pet obesity with industry leaders.<br />
<br />
<br />
==Latest Video==<br />
<br />
In this video, Sarah Heath talks about behavioural first aid for the confrontational dog. Sarah Heath BVSc PgCertVE DipECAWBM(BM) CCAB FRCVS is both an RCVS and an EBVS ® European Veterinary Specialist in Behavioural Medicine as well as a Certified Clinical Animal Behaviourist. She was made a Fellow of the Royal College of Veterinary Surgeons in recognition of her work in establishing behavioural medicine as a veterinary discipline. In this video, Sarah explains how to advise clients to manage cases until referral is possible. <br />
{{#ev:youtube|QGQAwXNtkY0}}<br />
<br />
<br />
==VETchat Podcast==<br />
[[File:VetChat Logo.png|left|frameless]]Looking for on-the-go content on all things veterinary? VETchat by The Webinar Vet brings you exclusive discussions with members all across the veterinary profession. From hot topical debates to mini CPD/CE lessons, we cover just about everything! Join us weekly to learn, be inspired, and be entertained.<br />
Listen to all episodes [https://www.thewebinarvet.com/pages/vetchat-podcasts/ HERE]<br />
<br />
==Social Media==<br />
{| style="float:right; margin-left: 10px;" ><br />
|[[File:Facebook logo new.png|link=https://www.facebook.com/pages/WikiVet/188576847835536?v=wall|alt=WikiVet Facebook|30x30px|frameless]]<br />
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If you have any comments or suggestions, please email the [mailto:info@wikivet.net WikiVet team]<br />
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[[File:IIE_Award.png|link=https://www.iie.uk.com/green-directory/the-webinar-vet/|alt=Investors in the Environment award for The Webinar Vet - Silver 2021|frameless|120x120px]]</div><br />
<br />
[[es:Página Principal]]<br />
[[fr:Accueil]]</div>Charliecoleshttps://en.wikivet.net/index.php?title=File:TWV_Events_Page.png&diff=208449File:TWV Events Page.png2023-07-27T15:01:25Z<p>Charliecoles: </p>
<hr />
<div>.</div>Charliecoleshttps://en.wikivet.net/index.php?title=Veterinary_Education_Online&diff=208376Veterinary Education Online2023-03-31T15:00:17Z<p>Charliecoles: </p>
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<div id="mp-welcome">Welcome to [[Main Page|WikiVet]],</div><br />
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<div id="articlecount">[[Special:Statistics|{{NUMBEROFARTICLES}}]] articles in English</div><br />
</div><br />
<ul id="mp-portals"><br />
<li>[[CPD Events]]</li><br />
<li class="portal-vmid">[[Discipline]]s</li><br />
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<li class="portal-hmid">[[Lectures]]</li><br />
<li class="portal-hmid portal-vmid">[[Podcasts]]</li><br />
<li class="portal-hmid portal-vbot">[[Species]]</li><br />
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<li class="portal-hright portal-vmid">[https://www.thewebinarvet.com/?utm_source=wikivet&utm_medium=webinar_hp_link Webinars]</li><br />
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</div><br />
<!---------------------------News--------------------><br />
<div class="MainPageBG" style="border:1px solid #5B9DA7; background:#f5faff; color:#000; padding:0 14px 8px; margin-top:7px;"><br />
[[File:Forte webinar.jpg|alt=|left|thumb]]<br />
<br />
== Free Webinar: Fresh Ideas on Neonatal Passive Transfer in Calves – Implications for Scour Prophylaxis ==<br />
<br />
<br />
Neonatal calf diarrhoea is a leading cause of death in the calf crop in the UK and Ireland. Tune into this webinar to learn more about the importance of colostral antibodies and how the resecretion of antibodies plays a key role in gut protection. We will also discuss what factors can influence the effectiveness of a NCD vaccination programme, what this means for your farmers and what we can do to boost neonatal defences in the face of an NCD outbreak<br />
This webinar is free to watch with thanks to Forte Healthcare<br />
<br />
<br />
🔗 Watch webinar [https://www.thewebinarvet.com/webinar/fresh-ideas-on-neonatal-passive-transfer-in-calves-implications-for-scour-prophylaxis?utm_source=wikivet&utm_medium=homepage here].<br />
<br />
<br />
NB: For those veterinary surgeons practising in Ireland this webinar is approved by the Veterinary Council of Ireland for 1 CVE point live and on demand (until 31st December 2023). Approved course no: 22-23-09<br />
<br />
<br />
==Latest Video==<br />
<br />
In this video, Sarah Heath talks about behavioural first aid for the confrontational dog. Sarah Heath BVSc PgCertVE DipECAWBM(BM) CCAB FRCVS is both an RCVS and an EBVS ® European Veterinary Specialist in Behavioural Medicine as well as a Certified Clinical Animal Behaviourist. She was made a Fellow of the Royal College of Veterinary Surgeons in recognition of her work in establishing behavioural medicine as a veterinary discipline. In this video, Sarah explains how to advise clients to manage cases until referral is possible. <br />
{{#ev:youtube|QGQAwXNtkY0}}<br />
<br />
<br />
==VETchat Podcast==<br />
[[File:VetChat Logo.png|left|frameless]]Looking for on-the-go content on all things veterinary? VETchat by The Webinar Vet brings you exclusive discussions with members all across the veterinary profession. From hot topical debates to mini CPD/CE lessons, we cover just about everything! Join us weekly to learn, be inspired, and be entertained.<br />
Listen to all episodes [https://www.thewebinarvet.com/pages/vetchat-podcasts/ HERE]<br />
<br />
==Social Media==<br />
{| style="float:right; margin-left: 10px;" ><br />
|[[File:Facebook logo new.png|link=https://www.facebook.com/pages/WikiVet/188576847835536?v=wall|alt=WikiVet Facebook|30x30px|frameless]]<br />
|[[File:Twitter logo.png|link=https://twitter.com/#!/WikiVet|alt=WikiVet Twitter|30x30px|frameless]]<br />
|}<br />
Want to keep up with everything WikiVet? Follow us on all our social media here: '''[https://www.instagram.com/wikivet Instagram], [https://www.facebook.com/WikiVet Facebook], [https://twitter.com/wikivet Twitter], [https://www.linkedin.com/company/wikivet LinkedIn]'''<br />
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If you have any comments or suggestions, please email the [mailto:info@wikivet.net WikiVet team]<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
[[File:IIE_Award.png|link=https://www.iie.uk.com/green-directory/the-webinar-vet/|alt=Investors in the Environment award for The Webinar Vet - Silver 2021|frameless|120x120px]]</div><br />
<br />
[[es:Página Principal]]<br />
[[fr:Accueil]]</div>Charliecoleshttps://en.wikivet.net/index.php?title=Veterinary_Education_Online&diff=208375Veterinary Education Online2023-03-31T14:59:26Z<p>Charliecoles: /* Free Webinar! */</p>
<hr />
<div>__NOTOC__<br />
<templatestyles src="Main Page/styles.css" /><br />
<div id="mp-topbanner" class="mp-bordered"><br />
<div id="mp-welcomecount"><br />
<div id="mp-welcome">Welcome to [[Main Page|WikiVet]],</div><br />
<div id="mp-free">Free [[WikiVet Introduction|veterinary encyclopedia]]. [[Frequently_Asked_Questions#How_do_I_edit_content|Submissions welcome]]<br>and are reviewed by renowned veterinary professionals.</div><br />
<div id="articlecount">[[Special:Statistics|{{NUMBEROFARTICLES}}]] articles in English</div><br />
</div><br />
<ul id="mp-portals"><br />
<li>[[CPD Events]]</li><br />
<li class="portal-vmid">[[Discipline]]s</li><br />
<li class="portal-vbot">[[Learning Resources|Learning]]</li><br />
<li class="portal-hmid">[[Lectures]]</li><br />
<li class="portal-hmid portal-vmid">[[Podcasts]]</li><br />
<li class="portal-hmid portal-vbot">[[Species]]</li><br />
<li class="portal-hright">[[System]]</li><br />
<li class="portal-hright portal-vmid">[https://www.thewebinarvet.com/?utm_source=wikivet&utm_medium=webinar_hp_link Webinars]</li><br />
<li class="portal-hright portal-vbot">[[Video]]s</li><br />
</ul><br />
</div><br />
<!---------------------------News--------------------><br />
<div class="MainPageBG" style="border:1px solid #5B9DA7; background:#f5faff; color:#000; padding:0 14px 8px; margin-top:7px;"><br />
==Free Webinar!==<br />
[[File:Forte webinar.jpg|alt=|left|thumb]]<br />
<br />
=== '''Fresh Ideas on Neonatal Passive Transfer in Calves – Implications for Scour Prophylaxis''' ===<br />
<br />
<br />
Neonatal calf diarrhoea is a leading cause of death in the calf crop in the UK and Ireland. Tune into this webinar to learn more about the importance of colostral antibodies and how the resecretion of antibodies plays a key role in gut protection. We will also discuss what factors can influence the effectiveness of a NCD vaccination programme, what this means for your farmers and what we can do to boost neonatal defences in the face of an NCD outbreak<br />
This webinar is free to watch with thanks to Forte Healthcare<br />
<br />
<br />
🔗 Watch webinar [https://www.thewebinarvet.com/webinar/fresh-ideas-on-neonatal-passive-transfer-in-calves-implications-for-scour-prophylaxis?utm_source=wikivet&utm_medium=homepage here].<br />
<br />
<br />
NB: For those veterinary surgeons practising in Ireland this webinar is approved by the Veterinary Council of Ireland for 1 CVE point live and on demand (until 31st December 2023). Approved course no: 22-23-09<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
==Latest Video==<br />
<br />
In this video, Sarah Heath talks about behavioural first aid for the confrontational dog. Sarah Heath BVSc PgCertVE DipECAWBM(BM) CCAB FRCVS is both an RCVS and an EBVS ® European Veterinary Specialist in Behavioural Medicine as well as a Certified Clinical Animal Behaviourist. She was made a Fellow of the Royal College of Veterinary Surgeons in recognition of her work in establishing behavioural medicine as a veterinary discipline. In this video, Sarah explains how to advise clients to manage cases until referral is possible. <br />
{{#ev:youtube|QGQAwXNtkY0}}<br />
<br />
<br />
==VETchat Podcast==<br />
[[File:VetChat Logo.png|left|frameless]]Looking for on-the-go content on all things veterinary? VETchat by The Webinar Vet brings you exclusive discussions with members all across the veterinary profession. From hot topical debates to mini CPD/CE lessons, we cover just about everything! Join us weekly to learn, be inspired, and be entertained.<br />
Listen to all episodes [https://www.thewebinarvet.com/pages/vetchat-podcasts/ HERE]<br />
<br />
==Social Media==<br />
{| style="float:right; margin-left: 10px;" ><br />
|[[File:Facebook logo new.png|link=https://www.facebook.com/pages/WikiVet/188576847835536?v=wall|alt=WikiVet Facebook|30x30px|frameless]]<br />
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Want to keep up with everything WikiVet? Follow us on all our social media here: '''[https://www.instagram.com/wikivet Instagram], [https://www.facebook.com/WikiVet Facebook], [https://twitter.com/wikivet Twitter], [https://www.linkedin.com/company/wikivet LinkedIn]'''<br />
<br />
If you have any comments or suggestions, please email the [mailto:info@wikivet.net WikiVet team]<br />
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[[File:IIE_Award.png|link=https://www.iie.uk.com/green-directory/the-webinar-vet/|alt=Investors in the Environment award for The Webinar Vet - Silver 2021|frameless|120x120px]]</div><br />
<br />
[[es:Página Principal]]<br />
[[fr:Accueil]]</div>Charliecoleshttps://en.wikivet.net/index.php?title=Veterinary_Education_Online&diff=208374Veterinary Education Online2023-03-31T14:59:08Z<p>Charliecoles: /* Free Webinar! */</p>
<hr />
<div>__NOTOC__<br />
<templatestyles src="Main Page/styles.css" /><br />
<div id="mp-topbanner" class="mp-bordered"><br />
<div id="mp-welcomecount"><br />
<div id="mp-welcome">Welcome to [[Main Page|WikiVet]],</div><br />
<div id="mp-free">Free [[WikiVet Introduction|veterinary encyclopedia]]. [[Frequently_Asked_Questions#How_do_I_edit_content|Submissions welcome]]<br>and are reviewed by renowned veterinary professionals.</div><br />
<div id="articlecount">[[Special:Statistics|{{NUMBEROFARTICLES}}]] articles in English</div><br />
</div><br />
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<!---------------------------News--------------------><br />
<div class="MainPageBG" style="border:1px solid #5B9DA7; background:#f5faff; color:#000; padding:0 14px 8px; margin-top:7px;"><br />
==Free Webinar!==<br />
[[File:Forte webinar.jpg|alt=|left|thumb]]'''Fresh Ideas on Neonatal Passive Transfer in Calves – Implications for Scour Prophylaxis'''<br />
<br />
<br />
Neonatal calf diarrhoea is a leading cause of death in the calf crop in the UK and Ireland. Tune into this webinar to learn more about the importance of colostral antibodies and how the resecretion of antibodies plays a key role in gut protection. We will also discuss what factors can influence the effectiveness of a NCD vaccination programme, what this means for your farmers and what we can do to boost neonatal defences in the face of an NCD outbreak<br />
This webinar is free to watch with thanks to Forte Healthcare<br />
<br />
<br />
🔗 Watch webinar [https://www.thewebinarvet.com/webinar/fresh-ideas-on-neonatal-passive-transfer-in-calves-implications-for-scour-prophylaxis?utm_source=wikivet&utm_medium=homepage here].<br />
<br />
<br />
NB: For those veterinary surgeons practising in Ireland this webinar is approved by the Veterinary Council of Ireland for 1 CVE point live and on demand (until 31st December 2023). Approved course no: 22-23-09<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
==Latest Video==<br />
<br />
In this video, Sarah Heath talks about behavioural first aid for the confrontational dog. Sarah Heath BVSc PgCertVE DipECAWBM(BM) CCAB FRCVS is both an RCVS and an EBVS ® European Veterinary Specialist in Behavioural Medicine as well as a Certified Clinical Animal Behaviourist. She was made a Fellow of the Royal College of Veterinary Surgeons in recognition of her work in establishing behavioural medicine as a veterinary discipline. In this video, Sarah explains how to advise clients to manage cases until referral is possible. <br />
{{#ev:youtube|QGQAwXNtkY0}}<br />
<br />
<br />
==VETchat Podcast==<br />
[[File:VetChat Logo.png|left|frameless]]Looking for on-the-go content on all things veterinary? VETchat by The Webinar Vet brings you exclusive discussions with members all across the veterinary profession. From hot topical debates to mini CPD/CE lessons, we cover just about everything! Join us weekly to learn, be inspired, and be entertained.<br />
Listen to all episodes [https://www.thewebinarvet.com/pages/vetchat-podcasts/ HERE]<br />
<br />
==Social Media==<br />
{| style="float:right; margin-left: 10px;" ><br />
|[[File:Facebook logo new.png|link=https://www.facebook.com/pages/WikiVet/188576847835536?v=wall|alt=WikiVet Facebook|30x30px|frameless]]<br />
|[[File:Twitter logo.png|link=https://twitter.com/#!/WikiVet|alt=WikiVet Twitter|30x30px|frameless]]<br />
|}<br />
Want to keep up with everything WikiVet? Follow us on all our social media here: '''[https://www.instagram.com/wikivet Instagram], [https://www.facebook.com/WikiVet Facebook], [https://twitter.com/wikivet Twitter], [https://www.linkedin.com/company/wikivet LinkedIn]'''<br />
<br />
If you have any comments or suggestions, please email the [mailto:info@wikivet.net WikiVet team]<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
[[File:IIE_Award.png|link=https://www.iie.uk.com/green-directory/the-webinar-vet/|alt=Investors in the Environment award for The Webinar Vet - Silver 2021|frameless|120x120px]]</div><br />
<br />
[[es:Página Principal]]<br />
[[fr:Accueil]]</div>Charliecoleshttps://en.wikivet.net/index.php?title=Veterinary_Education_Online&diff=208373Veterinary Education Online2023-03-31T14:58:40Z<p>Charliecoles: /* Free Webinar! */</p>
<hr />
<div>__NOTOC__<br />
<templatestyles src="Main Page/styles.css" /><br />
<div id="mp-topbanner" class="mp-bordered"><br />
<div id="mp-welcomecount"><br />
<div id="mp-welcome">Welcome to [[Main Page|WikiVet]],</div><br />
<div id="mp-free">Free [[WikiVet Introduction|veterinary encyclopedia]]. [[Frequently_Asked_Questions#How_do_I_edit_content|Submissions welcome]]<br>and are reviewed by renowned veterinary professionals.</div><br />
<div id="articlecount">[[Special:Statistics|{{NUMBEROFARTICLES}}]] articles in English</div><br />
</div><br />
<ul id="mp-portals"><br />
<li>[[CPD Events]]</li><br />
<li class="portal-vmid">[[Discipline]]s</li><br />
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</div><br />
<!---------------------------News--------------------><br />
<div class="MainPageBG" style="border:1px solid #5B9DA7; background:#f5faff; color:#000; padding:0 14px 8px; margin-top:7px;"><br />
==Free Webinar!==<br />
[[File:Forte webinar.jpg|alt=|left|thumb]]Neonatal calf diarrhoea is a leading cause of death in the calf crop in the UK and Ireland. Tune into this webinar to learn more about the importance of colostral antibodies and how the resecretion of antibodies plays a key role in gut protection. We will also discuss what factors can influence the effectiveness of a NCD vaccination programme, what this means for your farmers and what we can do to boost neonatal defences in the face of an NCD outbreak<br />
This webinar is free to watch with thanks to Forte Healthcare<br />
<br />
<br />
🔗 Watch webinar [https://www.thewebinarvet.com/webinar/fresh-ideas-on-neonatal-passive-transfer-in-calves-implications-for-scour-prophylaxis?utm_source=wikivet&utm_medium=homepage here].<br />
<br />
<br />
NB: For those veterinary surgeons practising in Ireland this webinar is approved by the Veterinary Council of Ireland for 1 CVE point live and on demand (until 31st December 2023). Approved course no: 22-23-09<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
==Latest Video==<br />
<br />
In this video, Sarah Heath talks about behavioural first aid for the confrontational dog. Sarah Heath BVSc PgCertVE DipECAWBM(BM) CCAB FRCVS is both an RCVS and an EBVS ® European Veterinary Specialist in Behavioural Medicine as well as a Certified Clinical Animal Behaviourist. She was made a Fellow of the Royal College of Veterinary Surgeons in recognition of her work in establishing behavioural medicine as a veterinary discipline. In this video, Sarah explains how to advise clients to manage cases until referral is possible. <br />
{{#ev:youtube|QGQAwXNtkY0}}<br />
<br />
<br />
==VETchat Podcast==<br />
[[File:VetChat Logo.png|left|frameless]]Looking for on-the-go content on all things veterinary? VETchat by The Webinar Vet brings you exclusive discussions with members all across the veterinary profession. From hot topical debates to mini CPD/CE lessons, we cover just about everything! Join us weekly to learn, be inspired, and be entertained.<br />
Listen to all episodes [https://www.thewebinarvet.com/pages/vetchat-podcasts/ HERE]<br />
<br />
==Social Media==<br />
{| style="float:right; margin-left: 10px;" ><br />
|[[File:Facebook logo new.png|link=https://www.facebook.com/pages/WikiVet/188576847835536?v=wall|alt=WikiVet Facebook|30x30px|frameless]]<br />
|[[File:Twitter logo.png|link=https://twitter.com/#!/WikiVet|alt=WikiVet Twitter|30x30px|frameless]]<br />
|}<br />
Want to keep up with everything WikiVet? Follow us on all our social media here: '''[https://www.instagram.com/wikivet Instagram], [https://www.facebook.com/WikiVet Facebook], [https://twitter.com/wikivet Twitter], [https://www.linkedin.com/company/wikivet LinkedIn]'''<br />
<br />
If you have any comments or suggestions, please email the [mailto:info@wikivet.net WikiVet team]<br />
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<br />
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[[File:IIE_Award.png|link=https://www.iie.uk.com/green-directory/the-webinar-vet/|alt=Investors in the Environment award for The Webinar Vet - Silver 2021|frameless|120x120px]]</div><br />
<br />
[[es:Página Principal]]<br />
[[fr:Accueil]]</div>Charliecoleshttps://en.wikivet.net/index.php?title=File:Forte_webinar.jpg&diff=208372File:Forte webinar.jpg2023-03-31T14:57:46Z<p>Charliecoles: </p>
<hr />
<div>.</div>Charliecoleshttps://en.wikivet.net/index.php?title=Veterinary_Education_Online&diff=208340Veterinary Education Online2023-02-27T15:06:48Z<p>Charliecoles: /* Free Webinar! */</p>
<hr />
<div>__NOTOC__<br />
<templatestyles src="Main Page/styles.css" /><br />
<div id="mp-topbanner" class="mp-bordered"><br />
<div id="mp-welcomecount"><br />
<div id="mp-welcome">Welcome to [[Main Page|WikiVet]],</div><br />
<div id="mp-free">Free [[WikiVet Introduction|veterinary encyclopedia]]. [[Frequently_Asked_Questions#How_do_I_edit_content|Submissions welcome]]<br>and are reviewed by renowned veterinary professionals.</div><br />
<div id="articlecount">[[Special:Statistics|{{NUMBEROFARTICLES}}]] articles in English</div><br />
</div><br />
<ul id="mp-portals"><br />
<li>[[CPD Events]]</li><br />
<li class="portal-vmid">[[Discipline]]s</li><br />
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<li class="portal-hmid">[[Lectures]]</li><br />
<li class="portal-hmid portal-vmid">[[Podcasts]]</li><br />
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<li class="portal-hright portal-vbot">[[Video]]s</li><br />
</ul><br />
</div><br />
<!---------------------------News--------------------><br />
<div class="MainPageBG" style="border:1px solid #5B9DA7; background:#f5faff; color:#000; padding:0 14px 8px; margin-top:7px;"><br />
==Free Webinar!==<br />
[[File:Burgess Webinar Promotion.png|left|alt=|thumb]]By increasing our understanding of the basic nutritional requirements of pet Guinea pigs, positive contributions can be made to improving their overall health and welfare. This webinar will review what we currently know concerning pet Guinea pig nutritional requirements. Wild Guinea pig diets will be discussed and current pet Guinea pig owner feeding habits detailed. The webinar will also cover possible adverse effects of incorrect nutrition on Guinea pigs and how this may affect their welfare. Were information is lacking for Guinea pigs, possible diet extrapolations from other species will be discussed. This webinar will be helpful as an overview of Guinea pig nutrition for all veterinary staff treating pet Guinea pigs, and giving dietary advice in veterinary practice.<br />
Learning Objectives:<br />
<br />
* Recognise that Guinea pigs are popular pets, but are not routinely presented for veterinary examination unlike other pet species<br />
* <span class="elementor-icon-list-icon"><span class="fas fa-arrow-right" aria-hidden="true"></span></span>Recognise that currently scientifically robust studies determining the nutritional requirements of pet Guinea pigs in the UK are lacking<br />
* <span class="elementor-icon-list-icon"><span class="fas fa-arrow-right" aria-hidden="true"></span></span>Know what the current dietary recommendations are for pet Guinea pigs<br />
* <span class="elementor-icon-list-icon"><span class="fas fa-arrow-right" aria-hidden="true"></span></span>Recognise the importance of dietary vitamin C for pet Guinea pigs<br />
* <span class="elementor-icon-list-icon"><span class="fas fa-arrow-right" aria-hidden="true"></span></span>Know what potential adverse health effects may occur in pet guinea pigs associated with an incorrect diet<br />
<br />
This webinar is free to watch with thanks to Burgess Excel.<br />
<br />
🔗 Watch webinar [https://www.thewebinarvet.com/webinar/dietary-advice-in-pet-guinea-pigs-what-we-do-and-dont-know here].<br />
==Latest Video==<br />
<br />
In this video, Sarah Heath talks about behavioural first aid for the confrontational dog. Sarah Heath BVSc PgCertVE DipECAWBM(BM) CCAB FRCVS is both an RCVS and an EBVS ® European Veterinary Specialist in Behavioural Medicine as well as a Certified Clinical Animal Behaviourist. She was made a Fellow of the Royal College of Veterinary Surgeons in recognition of her work in establishing behavioural medicine as a veterinary discipline. In this video, Sarah explains how to advise clients to manage cases until referral is possible. <br />
{{#ev:youtube|QGQAwXNtkY0}}<br />
<br />
<br />
==VETchat Podcast==<br />
[[File:VetChat Logo.png|left|frameless]]Looking for on-the-go content on all things veterinary? VETchat by The Webinar Vet brings you exclusive discussions with members all across the veterinary profession. From hot topical debates to mini CPD/CE lessons, we cover just about everything! Join us weekly to learn, be inspired, and be entertained.<br />
Listen to all episodes [https://www.thewebinarvet.com/pages/vetchat-podcasts/ HERE]<br />
<br />
==Social Media==<br />
{| style="float:right; margin-left: 10px;" ><br />
|[[File:Facebook logo new.png|link=https://www.facebook.com/pages/WikiVet/188576847835536?v=wall|alt=WikiVet Facebook|30x30px|frameless]]<br />
|[[File:Twitter logo.png|link=https://twitter.com/#!/WikiVet|alt=WikiVet Twitter|30x30px|frameless]]<br />
|}<br />
Want to keep up with everything WikiVet? Follow us on all our social media here: '''[https://www.instagram.com/wikivet Instagram], [https://www.facebook.com/WikiVet Facebook], [https://twitter.com/wikivet Twitter], [https://www.linkedin.com/company/wikivet LinkedIn]'''<br />
<br />
If you have any comments or suggestions, please email the [mailto:info@wikivet.net WikiVet team]<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
[[File:IIE_Award.png|link=https://www.iie.uk.com/green-directory/the-webinar-vet/|alt=Investors in the Environment award for The Webinar Vet - Silver 2021|frameless|120x120px]]</div><br />
<br />
[[es:Página Principal]]<br />
[[fr:Accueil]]</div>Charliecoleshttps://en.wikivet.net/index.php?title=Veterinary_Education_Online&diff=208339Veterinary Education Online2023-02-27T15:05:03Z<p>Charliecoles: /* Free Webinar! */</p>
<hr />
<div>__NOTOC__<br />
<templatestyles src="Main Page/styles.css" /><br />
<div id="mp-topbanner" class="mp-bordered"><br />
<div id="mp-welcomecount"><br />
<div id="mp-welcome">Welcome to [[Main Page|WikiVet]],</div><br />
<div id="mp-free">Free [[WikiVet Introduction|veterinary encyclopedia]]. [[Frequently_Asked_Questions#How_do_I_edit_content|Submissions welcome]]<br>and are reviewed by renowned veterinary professionals.</div><br />
<div id="articlecount">[[Special:Statistics|{{NUMBEROFARTICLES}}]] articles in English</div><br />
</div><br />
<ul id="mp-portals"><br />
<li>[[CPD Events]]</li><br />
<li class="portal-vmid">[[Discipline]]s</li><br />
<li class="portal-vbot">[[Learning Resources|Learning]]</li><br />
<li class="portal-hmid">[[Lectures]]</li><br />
<li class="portal-hmid portal-vmid">[[Podcasts]]</li><br />
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<li class="portal-hright">[[System]]</li><br />
<li class="portal-hright portal-vmid">[https://www.thewebinarvet.com/?utm_source=wikivet&utm_medium=webinar_hp_link Webinars]</li><br />
<li class="portal-hright portal-vbot">[[Video]]s</li><br />
</ul><br />
</div><br />
<!---------------------------News--------------------><br />
<div class="MainPageBG" style="border:1px solid #5B9DA7; background:#f5faff; color:#000; padding:0 14px 8px; margin-top:7px;"><br />
==Free Webinar!==<br />
[[File:Burgess Webinar Promotion.png|left|frameless]]By increasing our understanding of the basic nutritional requirements of pet Guinea pigs, positive contributions can be made to improving their overall health and welfare. This webinar will review what we currently know concerning pet Guinea pig nutritional requirements. Wild Guinea pig diets will be discussed and current pet Guinea pig owner feeding habits detailed. The webinar will also cover possible adverse effects of incorrect nutrition on Guinea pigs and how this may affect their welfare. Were information is lacking for Guinea pigs, possible diet extrapolations from other species will be discussed. This webinar will be helpful as an overview of Guinea pig nutrition for all veterinary staff treating pet Guinea pigs, and giving dietary advice in veterinary practice. <br />
<br />
This webinar is free to watch with thanks to Burgess Excel. <br />
<br />
🔗 Watch webinar [https://www.thewebinarvet.com/webinar/dietary-advice-in-pet-guinea-pigs-what-we-do-and-dont-know here].<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
==Latest Video==<br />
<br />
In this video, Sarah Heath talks about behavioural first aid for the confrontational dog. Sarah Heath BVSc PgCertVE DipECAWBM(BM) CCAB FRCVS is both an RCVS and an EBVS ® European Veterinary Specialist in Behavioural Medicine as well as a Certified Clinical Animal Behaviourist. She was made a Fellow of the Royal College of Veterinary Surgeons in recognition of her work in establishing behavioural medicine as a veterinary discipline. In this video, Sarah explains how to advise clients to manage cases until referral is possible. <br />
{{#ev:youtube|QGQAwXNtkY0}}<br />
<br />
<br />
==VETchat Podcast==<br />
[[File:VetChat Logo.png|left|frameless]]Looking for on-the-go content on all things veterinary? VETchat by The Webinar Vet brings you exclusive discussions with members all across the veterinary profession. From hot topical debates to mini CPD/CE lessons, we cover just about everything! Join us weekly to learn, be inspired, and be entertained.<br />
Listen to all episodes [https://www.thewebinarvet.com/pages/vetchat-podcasts/ HERE]<br />
<br />
==Social Media==<br />
{| style="float:right; margin-left: 10px;" ><br />
|[[File:Facebook logo new.png|link=https://www.facebook.com/pages/WikiVet/188576847835536?v=wall|alt=WikiVet Facebook|30x30px|frameless]]<br />
|[[File:Twitter logo.png|link=https://twitter.com/#!/WikiVet|alt=WikiVet Twitter|30x30px|frameless]]<br />
|}<br />
Want to keep up with everything WikiVet? Follow us on all our social media here: '''[https://www.instagram.com/wikivet Instagram], [https://www.facebook.com/WikiVet Facebook], [https://twitter.com/wikivet Twitter], [https://www.linkedin.com/company/wikivet LinkedIn]'''<br />
<br />
If you have any comments or suggestions, please email the [mailto:info@wikivet.net WikiVet team]<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
[[File:IIE_Award.png|link=https://www.iie.uk.com/green-directory/the-webinar-vet/|alt=Investors in the Environment award for The Webinar Vet - Silver 2021|frameless|120x120px]]</div><br />
<br />
[[es:Página Principal]]<br />
[[fr:Accueil]]</div>Charliecoleshttps://en.wikivet.net/index.php?title=Veterinary_Education_Online&diff=208338Veterinary Education Online2023-02-27T15:04:47Z<p>Charliecoles: /* Free Webinar! */</p>
<hr />
<div>__NOTOC__<br />
<templatestyles src="Main Page/styles.css" /><br />
<div id="mp-topbanner" class="mp-bordered"><br />
<div id="mp-welcomecount"><br />
<div id="mp-welcome">Welcome to [[Main Page|WikiVet]],</div><br />
<div id="mp-free">Free [[WikiVet Introduction|veterinary encyclopedia]]. [[Frequently_Asked_Questions#How_do_I_edit_content|Submissions welcome]]<br>and are reviewed by renowned veterinary professionals.</div><br />
<div id="articlecount">[[Special:Statistics|{{NUMBEROFARTICLES}}]] articles in English</div><br />
</div><br />
<ul id="mp-portals"><br />
<li>[[CPD Events]]</li><br />
<li class="portal-vmid">[[Discipline]]s</li><br />
<li class="portal-vbot">[[Learning Resources|Learning]]</li><br />
<li class="portal-hmid">[[Lectures]]</li><br />
<li class="portal-hmid portal-vmid">[[Podcasts]]</li><br />
<li class="portal-hmid portal-vbot">[[Species]]</li><br />
<li class="portal-hright">[[System]]</li><br />
<li class="portal-hright portal-vmid">[https://www.thewebinarvet.com/?utm_source=wikivet&utm_medium=webinar_hp_link Webinars]</li><br />
<li class="portal-hright portal-vbot">[[Video]]s</li><br />
</ul><br />
</div><br />
<!---------------------------News--------------------><br />
<div class="MainPageBG" style="border:1px solid #5B9DA7; background:#f5faff; color:#000; padding:0 14px 8px; margin-top:7px;"><br />
==Free Webinar!==<br />
[[File:Burgess Webinar Promotion.png|left|frameless]]By increasing our understanding of the basic nutritional requirements of pet Guinea pigs, positive contributions can be made to improving their overall health and welfare. This webinar will review what we currently know concerning pet Guinea pig nutritional requirements. Wild Guinea pig diets will be discussed and current pet Guinea pig owner feeding habits detailed. The webinar will also cover possible adverse effects of incorrect nutrition on Guinea pigs and how this may affect their welfare. Were information is lacking for Guinea pigs, possible diet extrapolations from other species will be discussed. This webinar will be helpful as an overview of Guinea pig nutrition for all veterinary staff treating pet Guinea pigs, and giving dietary advice in veterinary practice. <br />
<br />
This webinar is free to watch with thanks to Burgess Excel. <br />
<br />
🔗 Watch webinar [https://www.thewebinarvet.com/webinar/dietary-advice-in-pet-guinea-pigs-what-we-do-and-dont-know here].<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
==Latest Video==<br />
<br />
In this video, Sarah Heath talks about behavioural first aid for the confrontational dog. Sarah Heath BVSc PgCertVE DipECAWBM(BM) CCAB FRCVS is both an RCVS and an EBVS ® European Veterinary Specialist in Behavioural Medicine as well as a Certified Clinical Animal Behaviourist. She was made a Fellow of the Royal College of Veterinary Surgeons in recognition of her work in establishing behavioural medicine as a veterinary discipline. In this video, Sarah explains how to advise clients to manage cases until referral is possible. <br />
{{#ev:youtube|QGQAwXNtkY0}}<br />
<br />
<br />
==VETchat Podcast==<br />
[[File:VetChat Logo.png|left|frameless]]Looking for on-the-go content on all things veterinary? VETchat by The Webinar Vet brings you exclusive discussions with members all across the veterinary profession. From hot topical debates to mini CPD/CE lessons, we cover just about everything! Join us weekly to learn, be inspired, and be entertained.<br />
Listen to all episodes [https://www.thewebinarvet.com/pages/vetchat-podcasts/ HERE]<br />
<br />
==Social Media==<br />
{| style="float:right; margin-left: 10px;" ><br />
|[[File:Facebook logo new.png|link=https://www.facebook.com/pages/WikiVet/188576847835536?v=wall|alt=WikiVet Facebook|30x30px|frameless]]<br />
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|}<br />
Want to keep up with everything WikiVet? Follow us on all our social media here: '''[https://www.instagram.com/wikivet Instagram], [https://www.facebook.com/WikiVet Facebook], [https://twitter.com/wikivet Twitter], [https://www.linkedin.com/company/wikivet LinkedIn]'''<br />
<br />
If you have any comments or suggestions, please email the [mailto:info@wikivet.net WikiVet team]<br />
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[[File:IIE_Award.png|link=https://www.iie.uk.com/green-directory/the-webinar-vet/|alt=Investors in the Environment award for The Webinar Vet - Silver 2021|frameless|120x120px]]</div><br />
<br />
[[es:Página Principal]]<br />
[[fr:Accueil]]</div>Charliecoleshttps://en.wikivet.net/index.php?title=Veterinary_Education_Online&diff=208337Veterinary Education Online2023-02-27T15:04:37Z<p>Charliecoles: /* Free Webinar! */</p>
<hr />
<div>__NOTOC__<br />
<templatestyles src="Main Page/styles.css" /><br />
<div id="mp-topbanner" class="mp-bordered"><br />
<div id="mp-welcomecount"><br />
<div id="mp-welcome">Welcome to [[Main Page|WikiVet]],</div><br />
<div id="mp-free">Free [[WikiVet Introduction|veterinary encyclopedia]]. [[Frequently_Asked_Questions#How_do_I_edit_content|Submissions welcome]]<br>and are reviewed by renowned veterinary professionals.</div><br />
<div id="articlecount">[[Special:Statistics|{{NUMBEROFARTICLES}}]] articles in English</div><br />
</div><br />
<ul id="mp-portals"><br />
<li>[[CPD Events]]</li><br />
<li class="portal-vmid">[[Discipline]]s</li><br />
<li class="portal-vbot">[[Learning Resources|Learning]]</li><br />
<li class="portal-hmid">[[Lectures]]</li><br />
<li class="portal-hmid portal-vmid">[[Podcasts]]</li><br />
<li class="portal-hmid portal-vbot">[[Species]]</li><br />
<li class="portal-hright">[[System]]</li><br />
<li class="portal-hright portal-vmid">[https://www.thewebinarvet.com/?utm_source=wikivet&utm_medium=webinar_hp_link Webinars]</li><br />
<li class="portal-hright portal-vbot">[[Video]]s</li><br />
</ul><br />
</div><br />
<!---------------------------News--------------------><br />
<div class="MainPageBG" style="border:1px solid #5B9DA7; background:#f5faff; color:#000; padding:0 14px 8px; margin-top:7px;"><br />
==Free Webinar!==<br />
[[File:Burgess Webinar Promotion.png|left|frameless]]By increasing our understanding of the basic nutritional requirements of pet Guinea pigs, positive contributions can be made to improving their overall health and welfare. This webinar will review what we currently know concerning pet Guinea pig nutritional requirements. Wild Guinea pig diets will be discussed and current pet Guinea pig owner feeding habits detailed. The webinar will also cover possible adverse effects of incorrect nutrition on Guinea pigs and how this may affect their welfare. Were information is lacking for Guinea pigs, possible diet extrapolations from other species will be discussed. This webinar will be helpful as an overview of Guinea pig nutrition for all veterinary staff treating pet Guinea pigs, and giving dietary advice in veterinary practice. <br />
<br />
This webinar is free to watch with thanks to Burgess Excel. <br />
<br />
🔗 Watch webinar [https://www.thewebinarvet.com/webinar/dietary-advice-in-pet-guinea-pigs-what-we-do-and-dont-know here].<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
==Latest Video==<br />
<br />
In this video, Sarah Heath talks about behavioural first aid for the confrontational dog. Sarah Heath BVSc PgCertVE DipECAWBM(BM) CCAB FRCVS is both an RCVS and an EBVS ® European Veterinary Specialist in Behavioural Medicine as well as a Certified Clinical Animal Behaviourist. She was made a Fellow of the Royal College of Veterinary Surgeons in recognition of her work in establishing behavioural medicine as a veterinary discipline. In this video, Sarah explains how to advise clients to manage cases until referral is possible. <br />
{{#ev:youtube|QGQAwXNtkY0}}<br />
<br />
<br />
==VETchat Podcast==<br />
[[File:VetChat Logo.png|left|frameless]]Looking for on-the-go content on all things veterinary? VETchat by The Webinar Vet brings you exclusive discussions with members all across the veterinary profession. From hot topical debates to mini CPD/CE lessons, we cover just about everything! Join us weekly to learn, be inspired, and be entertained.<br />
Listen to all episodes [https://www.thewebinarvet.com/pages/vetchat-podcasts/ HERE]<br />
<br />
==Social Media==<br />
{| style="float:right; margin-left: 10px;" ><br />
|[[File:Facebook logo new.png|link=https://www.facebook.com/pages/WikiVet/188576847835536?v=wall|alt=WikiVet Facebook|30x30px|frameless]]<br />
|[[File:Twitter logo.png|link=https://twitter.com/#!/WikiVet|alt=WikiVet Twitter|30x30px|frameless]]<br />
|}<br />
Want to keep up with everything WikiVet? Follow us on all our social media here: '''[https://www.instagram.com/wikivet Instagram], [https://www.facebook.com/WikiVet Facebook], [https://twitter.com/wikivet Twitter], [https://www.linkedin.com/company/wikivet LinkedIn]'''<br />
<br />
If you have any comments or suggestions, please email the [mailto:info@wikivet.net WikiVet team]<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
[[File:IIE_Award.png|link=https://www.iie.uk.com/green-directory/the-webinar-vet/|alt=Investors in the Environment award for The Webinar Vet - Silver 2021|frameless|120x120px]]</div><br />
<br />
[[es:Página Principal]]<br />
[[fr:Accueil]]</div>Charliecoleshttps://en.wikivet.net/index.php?title=Veterinary_Education_Online&diff=208336Veterinary Education Online2023-02-27T15:03:48Z<p>Charliecoles: /* Virtual Congress 2023 */</p>
<hr />
<div>__NOTOC__<br />
<templatestyles src="Main Page/styles.css" /><br />
<div id="mp-topbanner" class="mp-bordered"><br />
<div id="mp-welcomecount"><br />
<div id="mp-welcome">Welcome to [[Main Page|WikiVet]],</div><br />
<div id="mp-free">Free [[WikiVet Introduction|veterinary encyclopedia]]. [[Frequently_Asked_Questions#How_do_I_edit_content|Submissions welcome]]<br>and are reviewed by renowned veterinary professionals.</div><br />
<div id="articlecount">[[Special:Statistics|{{NUMBEROFARTICLES}}]] articles in English</div><br />
</div><br />
<ul id="mp-portals"><br />
<li>[[CPD Events]]</li><br />
<li class="portal-vmid">[[Discipline]]s</li><br />
<li class="portal-vbot">[[Learning Resources|Learning]]</li><br />
<li class="portal-hmid">[[Lectures]]</li><br />
<li class="portal-hmid portal-vmid">[[Podcasts]]</li><br />
<li class="portal-hmid portal-vbot">[[Species]]</li><br />
<li class="portal-hright">[[System]]</li><br />
<li class="portal-hright portal-vmid">[https://www.thewebinarvet.com/?utm_source=wikivet&utm_medium=webinar_hp_link Webinars]</li><br />
<li class="portal-hright portal-vbot">[[Video]]s</li><br />
</ul><br />
</div><br />
<!---------------------------News--------------------><br />
<div class="MainPageBG" style="border:1px solid #5B9DA7; background:#f5faff; color:#000; padding:0 14px 8px; margin-top:7px;">[[File:Burgess Webinar Promotion.png|left|frameless]]<br />
<br />
==Free Webinar!==<br />
By increasing our understanding of the basic nutritional requirements of pet Guinea pigs, positive contributions can be made to improving their overall health and welfare. This webinar will review what we currently know concerning pet Guinea pig nutritional requirements. Wild Guinea pig diets will be discussed and current pet Guinea pig owner feeding habits detailed. The webinar will also cover possible adverse effects of incorrect nutrition on Guinea pigs and how this may affect their welfare. Were information is lacking for Guinea pigs, possible diet extrapolations from other species will be discussed. This webinar will be helpful as an overview of Guinea pig nutrition for all veterinary staff treating pet Guinea pigs, and giving dietary advice in veterinary practice. <br />
<br />
This webinar is free to watch with thanks to Burgess Excel. <br />
<br />
🔗 Watch webinar [https://www.thewebinarvet.com/webinar/dietary-advice-in-pet-guinea-pigs-what-we-do-and-dont-know here].<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
==Latest Video==<br />
<br />
In this video, Sarah Heath talks about behavioural first aid for the confrontational dog. Sarah Heath BVSc PgCertVE DipECAWBM(BM) CCAB FRCVS is both an RCVS and an EBVS ® European Veterinary Specialist in Behavioural Medicine as well as a Certified Clinical Animal Behaviourist. She was made a Fellow of the Royal College of Veterinary Surgeons in recognition of her work in establishing behavioural medicine as a veterinary discipline. In this video, Sarah explains how to advise clients to manage cases until referral is possible. <br />
{{#ev:youtube|QGQAwXNtkY0}}<br />
<br />
<br />
==VETchat Podcast==<br />
[[File:VetChat Logo.png|left|frameless]]Looking for on-the-go content on all things veterinary? VETchat by The Webinar Vet brings you exclusive discussions with members all across the veterinary profession. From hot topical debates to mini CPD/CE lessons, we cover just about everything! Join us weekly to learn, be inspired, and be entertained.<br />
Listen to all episodes [https://www.thewebinarvet.com/pages/vetchat-podcasts/ HERE]<br />
<br />
==Social Media==<br />
{| style="float:right; margin-left: 10px;" ><br />
|[[File:Facebook logo new.png|link=https://www.facebook.com/pages/WikiVet/188576847835536?v=wall|alt=WikiVet Facebook|30x30px|frameless]]<br />
|[[File:Twitter logo.png|link=https://twitter.com/#!/WikiVet|alt=WikiVet Twitter|30x30px|frameless]]<br />
|}<br />
Want to keep up with everything WikiVet? Follow us on all our social media here: '''[https://www.instagram.com/wikivet Instagram], [https://www.facebook.com/WikiVet Facebook], [https://twitter.com/wikivet Twitter], [https://www.linkedin.com/company/wikivet LinkedIn]'''<br />
<br />
If you have any comments or suggestions, please email the [mailto:info@wikivet.net WikiVet team]<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
[[File:IIE_Award.png|link=https://www.iie.uk.com/green-directory/the-webinar-vet/|alt=Investors in the Environment award for The Webinar Vet - Silver 2021|frameless|120x120px]]</div><br />
<br />
[[es:Página Principal]]<br />
[[fr:Accueil]]</div>Charliecoleshttps://en.wikivet.net/index.php?title=File:Burgess_Webinar_Promotion.png&diff=208335File:Burgess Webinar Promotion.png2023-02-27T15:01:03Z<p>Charliecoles: </p>
<hr />
<div>.</div>Charliecoleshttps://en.wikivet.net/index.php?title=Veterinary_Education_Online&diff=208294Veterinary Education Online2023-02-06T11:30:14Z<p>Charliecoles: /* VETchat Podcast */</p>
<hr />
<div>__NOTOC__<br />
<templatestyles src="Main Page/styles.css" /><br />
<div id="mp-topbanner" class="mp-bordered"><br />
<div id="mp-welcomecount"><br />
<div id="mp-welcome">Welcome to [[Main Page|WikiVet]],</div><br />
<div id="mp-free">Free [[WikiVet Introduction|veterinary encyclopedia]]. [[Frequently_Asked_Questions#How_do_I_edit_content|Submissions welcome]]<br>and are reviewed by renowned veterinary professionals.</div><br />
<div id="articlecount">[[Special:Statistics|{{NUMBEROFARTICLES}}]] articles in English</div><br />
</div><br />
<ul id="mp-portals"><br />
<li>[[CPD Events]]</li><br />
<li class="portal-vmid">[[Discipline]]s</li><br />
<li class="portal-vbot">[[Learning Resources|Learning]]</li><br />
<li class="portal-hmid">[[Lectures]]</li><br />
<li class="portal-hmid portal-vmid">[[Podcasts]]</li><br />
<li class="portal-hmid portal-vbot">[[Species]]</li><br />
<li class="portal-hright">[[System]]</li><br />
<li class="portal-hright portal-vmid">[https://www.thewebinarvet.com/?utm_source=wikivet&utm_medium=webinar_hp_link Webinars]</li><br />
<li class="portal-hright portal-vbot">[[Video]]s</li><br />
</ul><br />
</div><br />
<!---------------------------News--------------------><br />
<div class="MainPageBG" style="border:1px solid #5B9DA7; background:#f5faff; color:#000; padding:0 14px 8px; margin-top:7px;"><br />
==Virtual Congress 2023==<br />
[[File:VC2023 - 1.png|left|frameless]] <br />
<br />
The world's longest running online veterinary conference is back! <br />
<br />
Join us from 6th – 10th February 2023 for our 11th annual Virtual Congress. Enjoy brand new live clinical content delivered by expert veterinary speakers. <br />
<br />
We listened to your feedback after last year’s event, and have put together a brand new programme filled with clinical content delivered by experts. Taking place live in the week commencing 6th February 2023, you will enjoy a 5 day online congress with 16 hours of premium quality CPD webinars on a variety of topics.<br />
<br />
All delegates will be able to access the sessions for free live, and will each receive a CPD certificate of attendance.<br />
<br />
We are also pleased to announce that all of the clinical sessions are pending RACE approval. <br />
<br />
🔗 Register for your ticket here [https://www.thewebinarvet.com/pages/virtual-congress-2023/ here].<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
==Latest Video==<br />
<br />
In this video, Sarah Heath talks about behavioural first aid for the confrontational dog. Sarah Heath BVSc PgCertVE DipECAWBM(BM) CCAB FRCVS is both an RCVS and an EBVS ® European Veterinary Specialist in Behavioural Medicine as well as a Certified Clinical Animal Behaviourist. She was made a Fellow of the Royal College of Veterinary Surgeons in recognition of her work in establishing behavioural medicine as a veterinary discipline. In this video, Sarah explains how to advise clients to manage cases until referral is possible. <br />
{{#ev:youtube|QGQAwXNtkY0}}<br />
<br />
<br />
==VETchat Podcast==<br />
[[File:VetChat Logo.png|left|frameless]]Looking for on-the-go content on all things veterinary? VETchat by The Webinar Vet brings you exclusive discussions with members all across the veterinary profession. From hot topical debates to mini CPD/CE lessons, we cover just about everything! Join us weekly to learn, be inspired, and be entertained.<br />
Listen to all episodes [https://www.thewebinarvet.com/pages/vetchat-podcasts/ HERE]<br />
<br />
==Social Media==<br />
{| style="float:right; margin-left: 10px;" ><br />
|[[File:Facebook logo new.png|link=https://www.facebook.com/pages/WikiVet/188576847835536?v=wall|alt=WikiVet Facebook|30x30px|frameless]]<br />
|[[File:Twitter logo.png|link=https://twitter.com/#!/WikiVet|alt=WikiVet Twitter|30x30px|frameless]]<br />
|}<br />
Want to keep up with everything WikiVet? Follow us on all our social media here: '''[https://www.instagram.com/wikivet Instagram], [https://www.facebook.com/WikiVet Facebook], [https://twitter.com/wikivet Twitter], [https://www.linkedin.com/company/wikivet LinkedIn]'''<br />
<br />
If you have any comments or suggestions, please email the [mailto:info@wikivet.net WikiVet team]<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
[[File:IIE_Award.png|link=https://www.iie.uk.com/green-directory/the-webinar-vet/|alt=Investors in the Environment award for The Webinar Vet - Silver 2021|frameless|120x120px]]</div><br />
<br />
[[es:Página Principal]]<br />
[[fr:Accueil]]</div>Charliecoleshttps://en.wikivet.net/index.php?title=Veterinary_Education_Online&diff=208293Veterinary Education Online2023-02-06T11:29:27Z<p>Charliecoles: </p>
<hr />
<div>__NOTOC__<br />
<templatestyles src="Main Page/styles.css" /><br />
<div id="mp-topbanner" class="mp-bordered"><br />
<div id="mp-welcomecount"><br />
<div id="mp-welcome">Welcome to [[Main Page|WikiVet]],</div><br />
<div id="mp-free">Free [[WikiVet Introduction|veterinary encyclopedia]]. [[Frequently_Asked_Questions#How_do_I_edit_content|Submissions welcome]]<br>and are reviewed by renowned veterinary professionals.</div><br />
<div id="articlecount">[[Special:Statistics|{{NUMBEROFARTICLES}}]] articles in English</div><br />
</div><br />
<ul id="mp-portals"><br />
<li>[[CPD Events]]</li><br />
<li class="portal-vmid">[[Discipline]]s</li><br />
<li class="portal-vbot">[[Learning Resources|Learning]]</li><br />
<li class="portal-hmid">[[Lectures]]</li><br />
<li class="portal-hmid portal-vmid">[[Podcasts]]</li><br />
<li class="portal-hmid portal-vbot">[[Species]]</li><br />
<li class="portal-hright">[[System]]</li><br />
<li class="portal-hright portal-vmid">[https://www.thewebinarvet.com/?utm_source=wikivet&utm_medium=webinar_hp_link Webinars]</li><br />
<li class="portal-hright portal-vbot">[[Video]]s</li><br />
</ul><br />
</div><br />
<!---------------------------News--------------------><br />
<div class="MainPageBG" style="border:1px solid #5B9DA7; background:#f5faff; color:#000; padding:0 14px 8px; margin-top:7px;"><br />
==Virtual Congress 2023==<br />
[[File:VC2023 - 1.png|left|frameless]] <br />
<br />
The world's longest running online veterinary conference is back! <br />
<br />
Join us from 6th – 10th February 2023 for our 11th annual Virtual Congress. Enjoy brand new live clinical content delivered by expert veterinary speakers. <br />
<br />
We listened to your feedback after last year’s event, and have put together a brand new programme filled with clinical content delivered by experts. Taking place live in the week commencing 6th February 2023, you will enjoy a 5 day online congress with 16 hours of premium quality CPD webinars on a variety of topics.<br />
<br />
All delegates will be able to access the sessions for free live, and will each receive a CPD certificate of attendance.<br />
<br />
We are also pleased to announce that all of the clinical sessions are pending RACE approval. <br />
<br />
🔗 Register for your ticket here [https://www.thewebinarvet.com/pages/virtual-congress-2023/ here].<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
==Latest Video==<br />
<br />
In this video, Sarah Heath talks about behavioural first aid for the confrontational dog. Sarah Heath BVSc PgCertVE DipECAWBM(BM) CCAB FRCVS is both an RCVS and an EBVS ® European Veterinary Specialist in Behavioural Medicine as well as a Certified Clinical Animal Behaviourist. She was made a Fellow of the Royal College of Veterinary Surgeons in recognition of her work in establishing behavioural medicine as a veterinary discipline. In this video, Sarah explains how to advise clients to manage cases until referral is possible. <br />
{{#ev:youtube|QGQAwXNtkY0}}<br />
<br />
<br />
==VETchat Podcast==<br />
[[File:VetChat Logo.png|left|frameless]]Looking for on-the-go content on all things veterinary? VETchat by The Webinar Vet brings you exclusive discussions with members all across the veterinary profession. From hot topical debates to mini CPD/CE lessons, we cover just about everything! Join us weekly to learn, be inspired, and be entertained.<br />
==Social Media==<br />
{| style="float:right; margin-left: 10px;" ><br />
|[[File:Facebook logo new.png|link=https://www.facebook.com/pages/WikiVet/188576847835536?v=wall|alt=WikiVet Facebook|30x30px|frameless]]<br />
|[[File:Twitter logo.png|link=https://twitter.com/#!/WikiVet|alt=WikiVet Twitter|30x30px|frameless]]<br />
|}<br />
Want to keep up with everything WikiVet? Follow us on all our social media here: '''[https://www.instagram.com/wikivet Instagram], [https://www.facebook.com/WikiVet Facebook], [https://twitter.com/wikivet Twitter], [https://www.linkedin.com/company/wikivet LinkedIn]'''<br />
<br />
If you have any comments or suggestions, please email the [mailto:info@wikivet.net WikiVet team]<br />
<br />
[[File:IIE_Award.png|link=https://www.iie.uk.com/green-directory/the-webinar-vet/|alt=Investors in the Environment award for The Webinar Vet - Silver 2021|frameless|120x120px]]</div><br />
<br />
[[es:Página Principal]]<br />
[[fr:Accueil]]</div>Charliecoleshttps://en.wikivet.net/index.php?title=Veterinary_Education_Online&diff=208292Veterinary Education Online2023-02-06T11:29:06Z<p>Charliecoles: </p>
<hr />
<div>__NOTOC__<br />
<templatestyles src="Main Page/styles.css" /><br />
<div id="mp-topbanner" class="mp-bordered"><br />
<div id="mp-welcomecount"><br />
<div id="mp-welcome">Welcome to [[Main Page|WikiVet]],</div><br />
<div id="mp-free">Free [[WikiVet Introduction|veterinary encyclopedia]]. [[Frequently_Asked_Questions#How_do_I_edit_content|Submissions welcome]]<br>and are reviewed by renowned veterinary professionals.</div><br />
<div id="articlecount">[[Special:Statistics|{{NUMBEROFARTICLES}}]] articles in English</div><br />
</div><br />
<ul id="mp-portals"><br />
<li>[[CPD Events]]</li><br />
<li class="portal-vmid">[[Discipline]]s</li><br />
<li class="portal-vbot">[[Learning Resources|Learning]]</li><br />
<li class="portal-hmid">[[Lectures]]</li><br />
<li class="portal-hmid portal-vmid">[[Podcasts]]</li><br />
<li class="portal-hmid portal-vbot">[[Species]]</li><br />
<li class="portal-hright">[[System]]</li><br />
<li class="portal-hright portal-vmid">[https://www.thewebinarvet.com/?utm_source=wikivet&utm_medium=webinar_hp_link Webinars]</li><br />
<li class="portal-hright portal-vbot">[[Video]]s</li><br />
</ul><br />
</div><br />
<!---------------------------News--------------------><br />
<div class="MainPageBG" style="border:1px solid #5B9DA7; background:#f5faff; color:#000; padding:0 14px 8px; margin-top:7px;"><br />
==Virtual Congress 2023==<br />
[[File:VC2023 - 1.png|left|frameless]] <br />
<br />
The world's longest running online veterinary conference is back! <br />
<br />
Join us from 6th – 10th February 2023 for our 11th annual Virtual Congress. Enjoy brand new live clinical content delivered by expert veterinary speakers. <br />
<br />
We listened to your feedback after last year’s event, and have put together a brand new programme filled with clinical content delivered by experts. Taking place live in the week commencing 6th February 2023, you will enjoy a 5 day online congress with 16 hours of premium quality CPD webinars on a variety of topics.<br />
<br />
All delegates will be able to access the sessions for free live, and will each receive a CPD certificate of attendance.<br />
<br />
We are also pleased to announce that all of the clinical sessions are pending RACE approval. <br />
<br />
🔗 Register for your ticket here [https://www.thewebinarvet.com/pages/virtual-congress-2023/ here].<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
==Latest Video==<br />
<br />
In this video, Sarah Heath talks about behavioural first aid for the confrontational dog. Sarah Heath BVSc PgCertVE DipECAWBM(BM) CCAB FRCVS is both an RCVS and an EBVS ® European Veterinary Specialist in Behavioural Medicine as well as a Certified Clinical Animal Behaviourist. She was made a Fellow of the Royal College of Veterinary Surgeons in recognition of her work in establishing behavioural medicine as a veterinary discipline. In this video, Sarah explains how to advise clients to manage cases until referral is possible. <br />
{{#ev:youtube|QGQAwXNtkY0}}<br />
<br />
<br />
==VETchat Podcast==<br />
[[File:VetChat Logo.png|left|frameless]]Looking for on-the-go content on all things veterinary? VETchat by The Webinar Vet brings you exclusive discussions with members all across the veterinary profession. From hot topical debates to mini CPD/CE lessons, we cover just about everything! Join us weekly to learn, be inspired, and be entertained.<br />
<br />
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<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
==Social Media==<br />
{| style="float:right; margin-left: 10px;" ><br />
|[[File:Facebook logo new.png|link=https://www.facebook.com/pages/WikiVet/188576847835536?v=wall|alt=WikiVet Facebook|30x30px|frameless]]<br />
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|}<br />
Want to keep up with everything WikiVet? Follow us on all our social media here: '''[https://www.instagram.com/wikivet Instagram], [https://www.facebook.com/WikiVet Facebook], [https://twitter.com/wikivet Twitter], [https://www.linkedin.com/company/wikivet LinkedIn]'''<br />
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If you have any comments or suggestions, please email the [mailto:info@wikivet.net WikiVet team]<br />
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[[File:IIE_Award.png|link=https://www.iie.uk.com/green-directory/the-webinar-vet/|alt=Investors in the Environment award for The Webinar Vet - Silver 2021|frameless|120x120px]]</div><br />
<br />
[[es:Página Principal]]<br />
[[fr:Accueil]]</div>Charliecoleshttps://en.wikivet.net/index.php?title=File:VetChat_Logo.png&diff=208291File:VetChat Logo.png2023-02-06T11:26:06Z<p>Charliecoles: </p>
<hr />
<div>.</div>Charliecoleshttps://en.wikivet.net/index.php?title=Veterinary_Education_Online&diff=208288Veterinary Education Online2023-02-03T11:09:46Z<p>Charliecoles: /* The Webinar Vet's latest student bundles */</p>
<hr />
<div>__NOTOC__<br />
<templatestyles src="Main Page/styles.css" /><br />
<div id="mp-topbanner" class="mp-bordered"><br />
<div id="mp-welcomecount"><br />
<div id="mp-welcome">Welcome to [[Main Page|WikiVet]],</div><br />
<div id="mp-free">Free [[WikiVet Introduction|veterinary encyclopedia]]. [[Frequently_Asked_Questions#How_do_I_edit_content|Submissions welcome]]<br>and are reviewed by renowned veterinary professionals.</div><br />
<div id="articlecount">[[Special:Statistics|{{NUMBEROFARTICLES}}]] articles in English</div><br />
</div><br />
<ul id="mp-portals"><br />
<li>[[CPD Events]]</li><br />
<li class="portal-vmid">[[Discipline]]s</li><br />
<li class="portal-vbot">[[Learning Resources|Learning]]</li><br />
<li class="portal-hmid">[[Lectures]]</li><br />
<li class="portal-hmid portal-vmid">[[Podcasts]]</li><br />
<li class="portal-hmid portal-vbot">[[Species]]</li><br />
<li class="portal-hright">[[System]]</li><br />
<li class="portal-hright portal-vmid">[https://www.thewebinarvet.com/?utm_source=wikivet&utm_medium=webinar_hp_link Webinars]</li><br />
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</ul><br />
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<!---------------------------News--------------------><br />
<div class="MainPageBG" style="border:1px solid #5B9DA7; background:#f5faff; color:#000; padding:0 14px 8px; margin-top:7px;"><br />
==Virtual Congress 2023==<br />
[[File:VC2023 - 1.png|left|frameless]] <br />
<br />
The world's longest running online veterinary conference is back! <br />
<br />
Join us from 6th – 10th February 2023 for our 11th annual Virtual Congress. Enjoy brand new live clinical content delivered by expert veterinary speakers. <br />
<br />
We listened to your feedback after last year’s event, and have put together a brand new programme filled with clinical content delivered by experts. Taking place live in the week commencing 6th February 2023, you will enjoy a 5 day online congress with 16 hours of premium quality CPD webinars on a variety of topics.<br />
<br />
All delegates will be able to access the sessions for free live, and will each receive a CPD certificate of attendance.<br />
<br />
We are also pleased to announce that all of the clinical sessions are pending RACE approval. <br />
<br />
🔗 Register for your ticket here [https://www.thewebinarvet.com/pages/virtual-congress-2023/ here].<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
==Latest Video==<br />
<br />
In this video, Sarah Heath talks about behavioural first aid for the confrontational dog. Sarah Heath BVSc PgCertVE DipECAWBM(BM) CCAB FRCVS is both an RCVS and an EBVS ® European Veterinary Specialist in Behavioural Medicine as well as a Certified Clinical Animal Behaviourist. She was made a Fellow of the Royal College of Veterinary Surgeons in recognition of her work in establishing behavioural medicine as a veterinary discipline. In this video, Sarah explains how to advise clients to manage cases until referral is possible. <br />
{{#ev:youtube|QGQAwXNtkY0}}<br />
<br />
==Social Media==<br />
{| style="float:right; margin-left: 10px;" ><br />
|[[File:Facebook logo new.png|link=https://www.facebook.com/pages/WikiVet/188576847835536?v=wall|alt=WikiVet Facebook|30x30px|frameless]]<br />
|[[File:Twitter logo.png|link=https://twitter.com/#!/WikiVet|alt=WikiVet Twitter|30x30px|frameless]]<br />
|}<br />
Want to keep up with everything WikiVet? Follow us on all our social media here: '''[https://www.instagram.com/wikivet Instagram], [https://www.facebook.com/WikiVet Facebook], [https://twitter.com/wikivet Twitter], [https://www.linkedin.com/company/wikivet LinkedIn]'''<br />
<br />
If you have any comments or suggestions, please email the [mailto:info@wikivet.net WikiVet team]<br />
<br />
[[File:IIE_Award.png|link=https://www.iie.uk.com/green-directory/the-webinar-vet/|alt=Investors in the Environment award for The Webinar Vet - Silver 2021|frameless|120x120px]]</div><br />
<br />
[[es:Página Principal]]<br />
[[fr:Accueil]]</div>Charliecoleshttps://en.wikivet.net/index.php?title=Veterinary_Education_Online&diff=208287Veterinary Education Online2023-02-03T11:04:14Z<p>Charliecoles: /* New Content From Protexin Veterinary! */</p>
<hr />
<div>__NOTOC__<br />
<templatestyles src="Main Page/styles.css" /><br />
<div id="mp-topbanner" class="mp-bordered"><br />
<div id="mp-welcomecount"><br />
<div id="mp-welcome">Welcome to [[Main Page|WikiVet]],</div><br />
<div id="mp-free">Free [[WikiVet Introduction|veterinary encyclopedia]]. [[Frequently_Asked_Questions#How_do_I_edit_content|Submissions welcome]]<br>and are reviewed by renowned veterinary professionals.</div><br />
<div id="articlecount">[[Special:Statistics|{{NUMBEROFARTICLES}}]] articles in English</div><br />
</div><br />
<ul id="mp-portals"><br />
<li>[[CPD Events]]</li><br />
<li class="portal-vmid">[[Discipline]]s</li><br />
<li class="portal-vbot">[[Learning Resources|Learning]]</li><br />
<li class="portal-hmid">[[Lectures]]</li><br />
<li class="portal-hmid portal-vmid">[[Podcasts]]</li><br />
<li class="portal-hmid portal-vbot">[[Species]]</li><br />
<li class="portal-hright">[[System]]</li><br />
<li class="portal-hright portal-vmid">[https://www.thewebinarvet.com/?utm_source=wikivet&utm_medium=webinar_hp_link Webinars]</li><br />
<li class="portal-hright portal-vbot">[[Video]]s</li><br />
</ul><br />
</div><br />
<!---------------------------News--------------------><br />
<div class="MainPageBG" style="border:1px solid #5B9DA7; background:#f5faff; color:#000; padding:0 14px 8px; margin-top:7px;"><br />
==Virtual Congress 2023==<br />
[[File:VC2023 - 1.png|left|frameless]] <br />
<br />
The world's longest running online veterinary conference is back! <br />
<br />
Join us from 6th – 10th February 2023 for our 11th annual Virtual Congress. Enjoy brand new live clinical content delivered by expert veterinary speakers. <br />
<br />
We listened to your feedback after last year’s event, and have put together a brand new programme filled with clinical content delivered by experts. Taking place live in the week commencing 6th February 2023, you will enjoy a 5 day online congress with 16 hours of premium quality CPD webinars on a variety of topics.<br />
<br />
All delegates will be able to access the sessions for free live, and will each receive a CPD certificate of attendance.<br />
<br />
We are also pleased to announce that all of the clinical sessions are pending RACE approval. <br />
<br />
🔗 Register for your ticket here [https://www.thewebinarvet.com/pages/virtual-congress-2023/ here].[[File:WikiVet Career Zone.png|left|thumb]]<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
==Visit Our Career Zone==<br />
[https://simplyvets.com/career-zone '''Click here'''] to view all sorts of content to help you reach your dream veterinary career. Read articles such as, 'LinkedIn For Veterinary Students', 'Interview Preparation: The Key To Success', and 'A Day In The Life Of a Small Animal Vet'. If you’re a veterinary student, or in the working world… then there’s something for you!<br />
<br />
==Sign Up To The WikiVet Mailing List==<br />
Register [https://mailchi.mp/0d7716e93925/wikivet-sign-up '''here'''] to sign up to the WikiVet mailing list. You will receive content such as our monthly newsletter, highlighting some of the latest and most popular WikiVet articles guaranteed to improve your veterinary knowledge.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
==Latest Video==<br />
<br />
In this video, Sarah Heath talks about behavioural first aid for the confrontational dog. Sarah Heath BVSc PgCertVE DipECAWBM(BM) CCAB FRCVS is both an RCVS and an EBVS ® European Veterinary Specialist in Behavioural Medicine as well as a Certified Clinical Animal Behaviourist. She was made a Fellow of the Royal College of Veterinary Surgeons in recognition of her work in establishing behavioural medicine as a veterinary discipline. In this video, Sarah explains how to advise clients to manage cases until referral is possible. <br />
{{#ev:youtube|QGQAwXNtkY0}}<br />
<br />
==The Webinar Vet's latest student bundles==<br />
<br />
====Student Vet Year 1 ====<br />
<br />
*Ethics and Welfare<br />
*I think this animal has been a victim of cruelty, what next?<br />
*Religious objections and futile treatments: a primer for handling euthanasia disputes<br />
<br />
[https://www.thewebinarvet.com/pages/student-year1-bundle-2/ View all »]<br />
<br />
====Student Vet Year 2====<br />
<br />
*Interpreting Endocrinology Lab results<br />
*Adrenal testing dogs and cats: which test for what case?<br />
*A case-based approach to endocrine treatment<br />
<br />
[https://www.thewebinarvet.com/pages/student-year2-bundle/ View all »]<br />
<br />
====Student Vet Year 3====<br />
<br />
*Tips and Tricks for getting the most from Cytology in practice<br />
*Rabbit clinical pathology<br />
*A review on equine parasitology<br />
<br />
[https://www.thewebinarvet.com/pages/student-year3-bundle/ View all »]<br />
<br />
====Student Vet Year 4====<br />
<br />
*Standing sedation for the equine patient<br />
*Goats- practitioners survival guide to common health problems<br />
*Farm animal analgesia<br />
<br />
[https://www.thewebinarvet.com/pages/student-year4-bundle/ View all »]<br />
<br />
====Student Vet Year 5====<br />
<br />
*Small animal surgery - abdominal emergencies<br />
*Large animal surgery basics<br />
*Sutures and knot tying. What to use, when and how<br />
<br />
[https://www.thewebinarvet.com/pages/student-year5-bundle/ View all »]<br />
<br />
==Social Media ==<br />
{| style="float:right; margin-left: 10px;" ><br />
|[[File:Facebook logo new.png|link=https://www.facebook.com/pages/WikiVet/188576847835536?v=wall|alt=WikiVet Facebook|30x30px|frameless]]<br />
|[[File:Twitter logo.png|link=https://twitter.com/#!/WikiVet|alt=WikiVet Twitter|30x30px|frameless]]<br />
|}<br />
Want to keep up with everything WikiVet? Follow us on all our social media here: '''[https://www.instagram.com/wikivet Instagram], [https://www.facebook.com/WikiVet Facebook], [https://twitter.com/wikivet Twitter], [https://www.linkedin.com/company/wikivet LinkedIn]'''<br />
<br />
If you have any comments or suggestions, please email the [mailto:info@wikivet.net WikiVet team]<br />
<br />
[[File:IIE_Award.png|link=https://www.iie.uk.com/green-directory/the-webinar-vet/|alt=Investors in the Environment award for The Webinar Vet - Silver 2021|frameless|120x120px]]</div><br />
<br />
[[es:Página Principal]]<br />
[[fr:Accueil]]</div>Charliecoleshttps://en.wikivet.net/index.php?title=Veterinary_Education_Online&diff=208286Veterinary Education Online2023-02-03T11:03:50Z<p>Charliecoles: /* Virtual Congress 2023 */</p>
<hr />
<div>__NOTOC__<br />
<templatestyles src="Main Page/styles.css" /><br />
<div id="mp-topbanner" class="mp-bordered"><br />
<div id="mp-welcomecount"><br />
<div id="mp-welcome">Welcome to [[Main Page|WikiVet]],</div><br />
<div id="mp-free">Free [[WikiVet Introduction|veterinary encyclopedia]]. [[Frequently_Asked_Questions#How_do_I_edit_content|Submissions welcome]]<br>and are reviewed by renowned veterinary professionals.</div><br />
<div id="articlecount">[[Special:Statistics|{{NUMBEROFARTICLES}}]] articles in English</div><br />
</div><br />
<ul id="mp-portals"><br />
<li>[[CPD Events]]</li><br />
<li class="portal-vmid">[[Discipline]]s</li><br />
<li class="portal-vbot">[[Learning Resources|Learning]]</li><br />
<li class="portal-hmid">[[Lectures]]</li><br />
<li class="portal-hmid portal-vmid">[[Podcasts]]</li><br />
<li class="portal-hmid portal-vbot">[[Species]]</li><br />
<li class="portal-hright">[[System]]</li><br />
<li class="portal-hright portal-vmid">[https://www.thewebinarvet.com/?utm_source=wikivet&utm_medium=webinar_hp_link Webinars]</li><br />
<li class="portal-hright portal-vbot">[[Video]]s</li><br />
</ul><br />
</div><br />
<!---------------------------News--------------------><br />
<div class="MainPageBG" style="border:1px solid #5B9DA7; background:#f5faff; color:#000; padding:0 14px 8px; margin-top:7px;"><br />
==Virtual Congress 2023==<br />
[[File:VC2023 - 1.png|left|frameless]] <br />
<br />
The world's longest running online veterinary conference is back! <br />
<br />
Join us from 6th – 10th February 2023 for our 11th annual Virtual Congress. Enjoy brand new live clinical content delivered by expert veterinary speakers. <br />
<br />
We listened to your feedback after last year’s event, and have put together a brand new programme filled with clinical content delivered by experts. Taking place live in the week commencing 6th February 2023, you will enjoy a 5 day online congress with 16 hours of premium quality CPD webinars on a variety of topics.<br />
<br />
All delegates will be able to access the sessions for free live, and will each receive a CPD certificate of attendance.<br />
<br />
We are also pleased to announce that all of the clinical sessions are pending RACE approval. <br />
<br />
🔗 Register for your ticket here [https://www.thewebinarvet.com/pages/virtual-congress-2023/ here].[[File:WikiVet Career Zone.png|left|thumb]]<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
==Visit Our Career Zone==<br />
[https://simplyvets.com/career-zone '''Click here'''] to view all sorts of content to help you reach your dream veterinary career. Read articles such as, 'LinkedIn For Veterinary Students', 'Interview Preparation: The Key To Success', and 'A Day In The Life Of a Small Animal Vet'. If you’re a veterinary student, or in the working world… then there’s something for you!<br />
<br />
==Sign Up To The WikiVet Mailing List==<br />
Register [https://mailchi.mp/0d7716e93925/wikivet-sign-up '''here'''] to sign up to the WikiVet mailing list. You will receive content such as our monthly newsletter, highlighting some of the latest and most popular WikiVet articles guaranteed to improve your veterinary knowledge.<br />
==New Content From Protexin Veterinary!==<br />
Take a look at Protexin Veterinary's new content: [[The Microbiota and Antibiotics|'The Microbiota and Antibiotics']].<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
==Latest Video==<br />
<br />
In this video, Sarah Heath talks about behavioural first aid for the confrontational dog. Sarah Heath BVSc PgCertVE DipECAWBM(BM) CCAB FRCVS is both an RCVS and an EBVS ® European Veterinary Specialist in Behavioural Medicine as well as a Certified Clinical Animal Behaviourist. She was made a Fellow of the Royal College of Veterinary Surgeons in recognition of her work in establishing behavioural medicine as a veterinary discipline. In this video, Sarah explains how to advise clients to manage cases until referral is possible. <br />
{{#ev:youtube|QGQAwXNtkY0}}<br />
<br />
==The Webinar Vet's latest student bundles==<br />
<br />
====Student Vet Year 1 ====<br />
<br />
*Ethics and Welfare<br />
*I think this animal has been a victim of cruelty, what next?<br />
*Religious objections and futile treatments: a primer for handling euthanasia disputes<br />
<br />
[https://www.thewebinarvet.com/pages/student-year1-bundle-2/ View all »]<br />
<br />
====Student Vet Year 2====<br />
<br />
*Interpreting Endocrinology Lab results<br />
*Adrenal testing dogs and cats: which test for what case?<br />
*A case-based approach to endocrine treatment<br />
<br />
[https://www.thewebinarvet.com/pages/student-year2-bundle/ View all »]<br />
<br />
====Student Vet Year 3====<br />
<br />
*Tips and Tricks for getting the most from Cytology in practice<br />
*Rabbit clinical pathology<br />
*A review on equine parasitology<br />
<br />
[https://www.thewebinarvet.com/pages/student-year3-bundle/ View all »]<br />
<br />
====Student Vet Year 4====<br />
<br />
*Standing sedation for the equine patient<br />
*Goats- practitioners survival guide to common health problems<br />
*Farm animal analgesia<br />
<br />
[https://www.thewebinarvet.com/pages/student-year4-bundle/ View all »]<br />
<br />
====Student Vet Year 5====<br />
<br />
*Small animal surgery - abdominal emergencies<br />
*Large animal surgery basics<br />
*Sutures and knot tying. What to use, when and how<br />
<br />
[https://www.thewebinarvet.com/pages/student-year5-bundle/ View all »]<br />
<br />
==Social Media ==<br />
{| style="float:right; margin-left: 10px;" ><br />
|[[File:Facebook logo new.png|link=https://www.facebook.com/pages/WikiVet/188576847835536?v=wall|alt=WikiVet Facebook|30x30px|frameless]]<br />
|[[File:Twitter logo.png|link=https://twitter.com/#!/WikiVet|alt=WikiVet Twitter|30x30px|frameless]]<br />
|}<br />
Want to keep up with everything WikiVet? Follow us on all our social media here: '''[https://www.instagram.com/wikivet Instagram], [https://www.facebook.com/WikiVet Facebook], [https://twitter.com/wikivet Twitter], [https://www.linkedin.com/company/wikivet LinkedIn]'''<br />
<br />
If you have any comments or suggestions, please email the [mailto:info@wikivet.net WikiVet team]<br />
<br />
[[File:IIE_Award.png|link=https://www.iie.uk.com/green-directory/the-webinar-vet/|alt=Investors in the Environment award for The Webinar Vet - Silver 2021|frameless|120x120px]]</div><br />
<br />
[[es:Página Principal]]<br />
[[fr:Accueil]]</div>Charliecoleshttps://en.wikivet.net/index.php?title=Veterinary_Education_Online&diff=208285Veterinary Education Online2023-02-03T11:03:00Z<p>Charliecoles: </p>
<hr />
<div>__NOTOC__<br />
<templatestyles src="Main Page/styles.css" /><br />
<div id="mp-topbanner" class="mp-bordered"><br />
<div id="mp-welcomecount"><br />
<div id="mp-welcome">Welcome to [[Main Page|WikiVet]],</div><br />
<div id="mp-free">Free [[WikiVet Introduction|veterinary encyclopedia]]. [[Frequently_Asked_Questions#How_do_I_edit_content|Submissions welcome]]<br>and are reviewed by renowned veterinary professionals.</div><br />
<div id="articlecount">[[Special:Statistics|{{NUMBEROFARTICLES}}]] articles in English</div><br />
</div><br />
<ul id="mp-portals"><br />
<li>[[CPD Events]]</li><br />
<li class="portal-vmid">[[Discipline]]s</li><br />
<li class="portal-vbot">[[Learning Resources|Learning]]</li><br />
<li class="portal-hmid">[[Lectures]]</li><br />
<li class="portal-hmid portal-vmid">[[Podcasts]]</li><br />
<li class="portal-hmid portal-vbot">[[Species]]</li><br />
<li class="portal-hright">[[System]]</li><br />
<li class="portal-hright portal-vmid">[https://www.thewebinarvet.com/?utm_source=wikivet&utm_medium=webinar_hp_link Webinars]</li><br />
<li class="portal-hright portal-vbot">[[Video]]s</li><br />
</ul><br />
</div><br />
<!---------------------------News--------------------><br />
<div class="MainPageBG" style="border:1px solid #5B9DA7; background:#f5faff; color:#000; padding:0 14px 8px; margin-top:7px;"><br />
==Virtual Congress 2023==<br />
[[File:VC2023 - 1.png|left|frameless]] <br />
<br />
The world's longest running online veterinary conference is back! <br />
<br />
Join us from 6th – 10th February 2023 for our 11th annual Virtual Congress. Enjoy brand new live clinical content delivered by expert veterinary speakers. <br />
<br />
We listened to your feedback after last year’s event, and have put together a brand new programme filled with clinical content delivered by experts. Taking place live in the week commencing 6th February 2023, you will enjoy a 5 day online congress with 16 hours of premium quality CPD webinars on a variety of topics.<br />
<br />
All delegates will be able to access the sessions for free live, and will each receive a CPD certificate of attendance.<br />
<br />
We are also pleased to announce that all of the clinical sessions are pending RACE approval. <br />
<br />
🔗 Register for your ticket here [https://www.thewebinarvet.com/pages/virtual-congress-2023/ here].[[File:WikiVet Career Zone.png|left|thumb]]<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
==Visit Our Career Zone==<br />
[https://simplyvets.com/career-zone '''Click here'''] to view all sorts of content to help you reach your dream veterinary career. Read articles such as, 'LinkedIn For Veterinary Students', 'Interview Preparation: The Key To Success', and 'A Day In The Life Of a Small Animal Vet'. If you’re a veterinary student, or in the working world… then there’s something for you!<br />
<br />
==Sign Up To The WikiVet Mailing List==<br />
Register [https://mailchi.mp/0d7716e93925/wikivet-sign-up '''here'''] to sign up to the WikiVet mailing list. You will receive content such as our monthly newsletter, highlighting some of the latest and most popular WikiVet articles guaranteed to improve your veterinary knowledge.<br />
==New Content From Protexin Veterinary!==<br />
Take a look at Protexin Veterinary's new content: [[The Microbiota and Antibiotics|'The Microbiota and Antibiotics']].<br />
<br />
<br />
==Latest Video==<br />
<br />
In this video, Sarah Heath talks about behavioural first aid for the confrontational dog. Sarah Heath BVSc PgCertVE DipECAWBM(BM) CCAB FRCVS is both an RCVS and an EBVS ® European Veterinary Specialist in Behavioural Medicine as well as a Certified Clinical Animal Behaviourist. She was made a Fellow of the Royal College of Veterinary Surgeons in recognition of her work in establishing behavioural medicine as a veterinary discipline. In this video, Sarah explains how to advise clients to manage cases until referral is possible. <br />
{{#ev:youtube|QGQAwXNtkY0}}<br />
<br />
==The Webinar Vet's latest student bundles==<br />
<br />
====Student Vet Year 1 ====<br />
<br />
*Ethics and Welfare<br />
*I think this animal has been a victim of cruelty, what next?<br />
*Religious objections and futile treatments: a primer for handling euthanasia disputes<br />
<br />
[https://www.thewebinarvet.com/pages/student-year1-bundle-2/ View all »]<br />
<br />
====Student Vet Year 2====<br />
<br />
*Interpreting Endocrinology Lab results<br />
*Adrenal testing dogs and cats: which test for what case?<br />
*A case-based approach to endocrine treatment<br />
<br />
[https://www.thewebinarvet.com/pages/student-year2-bundle/ View all »]<br />
<br />
====Student Vet Year 3====<br />
<br />
*Tips and Tricks for getting the most from Cytology in practice<br />
*Rabbit clinical pathology<br />
*A review on equine parasitology<br />
<br />
[https://www.thewebinarvet.com/pages/student-year3-bundle/ View all »]<br />
<br />
====Student Vet Year 4====<br />
<br />
*Standing sedation for the equine patient<br />
*Goats- practitioners survival guide to common health problems<br />
*Farm animal analgesia<br />
<br />
[https://www.thewebinarvet.com/pages/student-year4-bundle/ View all »]<br />
<br />
====Student Vet Year 5====<br />
<br />
*Small animal surgery - abdominal emergencies<br />
*Large animal surgery basics<br />
*Sutures and knot tying. What to use, when and how<br />
<br />
[https://www.thewebinarvet.com/pages/student-year5-bundle/ View all »]<br />
<br />
==Social Media ==<br />
{| style="float:right; margin-left: 10px;" ><br />
|[[File:Facebook logo new.png|link=https://www.facebook.com/pages/WikiVet/188576847835536?v=wall|alt=WikiVet Facebook|30x30px|frameless]]<br />
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Want to keep up with everything WikiVet? Follow us on all our social media here: '''[https://www.instagram.com/wikivet Instagram], [https://www.facebook.com/WikiVet Facebook], [https://twitter.com/wikivet Twitter], [https://www.linkedin.com/company/wikivet LinkedIn]'''<br />
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If you have any comments or suggestions, please email the [mailto:info@wikivet.net WikiVet team]<br />
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[[File:IIE_Award.png|link=https://www.iie.uk.com/green-directory/the-webinar-vet/|alt=Investors in the Environment award for The Webinar Vet - Silver 2021|frameless|120x120px]]</div><br />
<br />
[[es:Página Principal]]<br />
[[fr:Accueil]]</div>Charliecoleshttps://en.wikivet.net/index.php?title=File:VC2023_-_1.png&diff=208284File:VC2023 - 1.png2023-02-03T11:00:15Z<p>Charliecoles: </p>
<hr />
<div>.</div>Charliecoleshttps://en.wikivet.net/index.php?title=Veterinary_Education_Online&diff=207806Veterinary Education Online2022-10-25T10:03:25Z<p>Charliecoles: /* Global WikiVet Ed Fest 2022 */</p>
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<templatestyles src="Main Page/styles.css" /><br />
<div id="mp-topbanner" class="mp-bordered"><br />
<div id="mp-welcomecount"><br />
<div id="mp-welcome">Welcome to [[Main Page|WikiVet]],</div><br />
<div id="mp-free">Free [[WikiVet Introduction|veterinary encyclopedia]]. [[Frequently_Asked_Questions#How_do_I_edit_content|Submissions welcome]]<br>and are reviewed by renowned veterinary professionals.</div><br />
<div id="articlecount">[[Special:Statistics|{{NUMBEROFARTICLES}}]] articles in English</div><br />
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<!---------------------------News--------------------><br />
<div class="MainPageBG" style="border:1px solid #5B9DA7; background:#f5faff; color:#000; padding:0 14px 8px; margin-top:7px;"><br />
==Global WikiVet Ed Fest 2022==<br />
[[File:WikiVet Event 24th Sept 2022 .png|alt=|left|thumb]]<br />
<br />
Did you see our Global WikiVet Ed Fest?! <br />
<br />
Students enjoyed a 1-day virtual congress, with over 6 hours of premium quality webinars during the day.<br />
<br />
You can now view the webinars on-demand now [[:Category:WikiVideo - Global WikiVet Ed Fest 2022|here]]<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
==New Webinar From Protexin Veterinary==<br />
[[File:Microbiota Webinar Thumbnail.png|alt=|left|thumb]]<br />
<br />
<br />
[[The Microbiota Probiotics Prebiotics|Watch Now!]] We have a new webinar on WikiVet by Protexin Veterinary 💻 🚨 <br />
<br />
In this webinar we take a look at the microbiota, what it is, why it is relevant to our veterinary patients and what happens when it becomes imbalanced (known as a dysbiosis). We then go on to learn about probiotics and prebioitcs and how they can be beneficial to our patients, before finishing up looking at some evidence supporting their use. <br />
<br />
🔗 Watch the webinar [[The Microbiota Probiotics Prebiotics|here.]][[File:WikiVet Career Zone.png|left|thumb]]<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
==Visit Our Career Zone==<br />
[https://simplyvets.com/career-zone '''Click here'''] to view all sorts of content to help you reach your dream veterinary career. Read articles such as, 'LinkedIn For Veterinary Students', 'Interview Preparation: The Key To Success', and 'A Day In The Life Of a Small Animal Vet'. If you’re a veterinary student, or in the working world… then there’s something for you!<br />
<br />
==Sign Up To The WikiVet Mailing List==<br />
Register [https://mailchi.mp/0d7716e93925/wikivet-sign-up '''here'''] to sign up to the WikiVet mailing list. You will receive content such as our monthly newsletter, highlighting some of the latest and most popular WikiVet articles guaranteed to improve your veterinary knowledge.<br />
==New Content From Protexin Veterinary!==<br />
Take a look at Protexin Veterinary's new content: [[The Microbiota and Antibiotics|'The Microbiota and Antibiotics']].<br />
<br />
<br />
==Latest Video==<br />
<br />
In this video, Sarah Heath talks about behavioural first aid for the confrontational dog. Sarah Heath BVSc PgCertVE DipECAWBM(BM) CCAB FRCVS is both an RCVS and an EBVS ® European Veterinary Specialist in Behavioural Medicine as well as a Certified Clinical Animal Behaviourist. She was made a Fellow of the Royal College of Veterinary Surgeons in recognition of her work in establishing behavioural medicine as a veterinary discipline. In this video, Sarah explains how to advise clients to manage cases until referral is possible. <br />
{{#ev:youtube|QGQAwXNtkY0}}<br />
<br />
==The Webinar Vet's latest student bundles==<br />
<br />
====Student Vet Year 1 ====<br />
<br />
*Ethics and Welfare<br />
*I think this animal has been a victim of cruelty, what next?<br />
*Religious objections and futile treatments: a primer for handling euthanasia disputes<br />
<br />
[https://www.thewebinarvet.com/pages/student-year1-bundle-2/ View all »]<br />
<br />
====Student Vet Year 2====<br />
<br />
*Interpreting Endocrinology Lab results<br />
*Adrenal testing dogs and cats: which test for what case?<br />
*A case-based approach to endocrine treatment<br />
<br />
[https://www.thewebinarvet.com/pages/student-year2-bundle/ View all »]<br />
<br />
====Student Vet Year 3====<br />
<br />
*Tips and Tricks for getting the most from Cytology in practice<br />
*Rabbit clinical pathology<br />
*A review on equine parasitology<br />
<br />
[https://www.thewebinarvet.com/pages/student-year3-bundle/ View all »]<br />
<br />
====Student Vet Year 4====<br />
<br />
*Standing sedation for the equine patient<br />
*Goats- practitioners survival guide to common health problems<br />
*Farm animal analgesia<br />
<br />
[https://www.thewebinarvet.com/pages/student-year4-bundle/ View all »]<br />
<br />
====Student Vet Year 5====<br />
<br />
*Small animal surgery - abdominal emergencies<br />
*Large animal surgery basics<br />
*Sutures and knot tying. What to use, when and how<br />
<br />
[https://www.thewebinarvet.com/pages/student-year5-bundle/ View all »]<br />
<br />
==Social Media ==<br />
{| style="float:right; margin-left: 10px;" ><br />
|[[File:Facebook logo new.png|link=https://www.facebook.com/pages/WikiVet/188576847835536?v=wall|alt=WikiVet Facebook|30x30px|frameless]]<br />
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|}<br />
Want to keep up with everything WikiVet? Follow us on all our social media here: '''[https://www.instagram.com/wikivet Instagram], [https://www.facebook.com/WikiVet Facebook], [https://twitter.com/wikivet Twitter], [https://www.linkedin.com/company/wikivet LinkedIn]'''<br />
<br />
If you have any comments or suggestions, please email the [mailto:info@wikivet.net WikiVet team]<br />
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[[File:IIE_Award.png|link=https://www.iie.uk.com/green-directory/the-webinar-vet/|alt=Investors in the Environment award for The Webinar Vet - Silver 2021|frameless|120x120px]]</div><br />
<br />
[[es:Página Principal]]<br />
[[fr:Accueil]]</div>Charliecoleshttps://en.wikivet.net/index.php?title=Veterinary_Education_Online&diff=207740Veterinary Education Online2022-07-19T08:50:05Z<p>Charliecoles: </p>
<hr />
<div>__NOTOC__<br />
<templatestyles src="Main Page/styles.css" /><br />
<div id="mp-topbanner" class="mp-bordered"><br />
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<div id="mp-welcome">Welcome to [[Main Page|WikiVet]],</div><br />
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<!---------------------------News--------------------><br />
<div class="MainPageBG" style="border:1px solid #5B9DA7; background:#f5faff; color:#000; padding:0 14px 8px; margin-top:7px;"><br />
==Global WikiVet Ed Fest 2022==<br />
[[File:WikiVet Event 24th Sept 2022 .png|alt=|left|thumb]]<br />
<br />
<br />
We are pleased to invite you to our first ever WikiVet virtual event <br />
<br />
Students can enjoy a 1-day virtual congress, with over 6 hours of premium quality webinars taking place live during the day.<br />
<br />
All delegates will be able to access the sessions for free live, and will each receive a CPD certificate of attendance. Attendees will also be able to access the virtual goody bag, and enter to win prizes and giveaways.<br />
<br />
The event programme, speakers and topics will be announced soon.<br />
<br />
'''[https://www.thewebinarvet.com/pages/register-free-global-wikivet-ed-fest-2022/ Register Here]'''<br />
<br />
<br />
==New Webinar From Protexin Veterinary==<br />
[[File:Microbiota Webinar Thumbnail.png|alt=|left|thumb]]<br />
<br />
<br />
[[The Microbiota Probiotics Prebiotics|Watch Now!]] We have a new webinar on WikiVet by Protexin Veterinary 💻 🚨 <br />
<br />
In this webinar we take a look at the microbiota, what it is, why it is relevant to our veterinary patients and what happens when it becomes imbalanced (known as a dysbiosis). We then go on to learn about probiotics and prebioitcs and how they can be beneficial to our patients, before finishing up looking at some evidence supporting their use. <br />
<br />
🔗 Watch the webinar [[The Microbiota Probiotics Prebiotics|here.]][[File:WikiVet Career Zone.png|left|thumb]]<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
==Visit Our Career Zone==<br />
[https://simplyvets.com/career-zone '''Click here'''] to view all sorts of content to help you reach your dream veterinary career. Read articles such as, 'LinkedIn For Veterinary Students', 'Interview Preparation: The Key To Success', and 'A Day In The Life Of a Small Animal Vet'. If you’re a veterinary student, or in the working world… then there’s something for you!<br />
<br />
==Sign Up To The WikiVet Mailing List==<br />
Register [https://mailchi.mp/0d7716e93925/wikivet-sign-up '''here'''] to sign up to the WikiVet mailing list. You will receive content such as our monthly newsletter, highlighting some of the latest and most popular WikiVet articles guaranteed to improve your veterinary knowledge.<br />
==New Content From Protexin Veterinary!==<br />
Take a look at Protexin Veterinary's new content: [[The Microbiota and Antibiotics|'The Microbiota and Antibiotics']].<br />
<br />
<br />
==Latest Video==<br />
<br />
In this video, Sarah Heath talks about behavioural first aid for the confrontational dog. Sarah Heath BVSc PgCertVE DipECAWBM(BM) CCAB FRCVS is both an RCVS and an EBVS ® European Veterinary Specialist in Behavioural Medicine as well as a Certified Clinical Animal Behaviourist. She was made a Fellow of the Royal College of Veterinary Surgeons in recognition of her work in establishing behavioural medicine as a veterinary discipline. In this video, Sarah explains how to advise clients to manage cases until referral is possible. <br />
{{#ev:youtube|QGQAwXNtkY0}}<br />
<br />
==The Webinar Vet's latest student bundles==<br />
<br />
====Student Vet Year 1 ====<br />
<br />
*Ethics and Welfare<br />
*I think this animal has been a victim of cruelty, what next?<br />
*Religious objections and futile treatments: a primer for handling euthanasia disputes<br />
<br />
[https://www.thewebinarvet.com/pages/student-year1-bundle-2/ View all »]<br />
<br />
====Student Vet Year 2====<br />
<br />
*Interpreting Endocrinology Lab results<br />
*Adrenal testing dogs and cats: which test for what case?<br />
*A case-based approach to endocrine treatment<br />
<br />
[https://www.thewebinarvet.com/pages/student-year2-bundle/ View all »]<br />
<br />
====Student Vet Year 3====<br />
<br />
*Tips and Tricks for getting the most from Cytology in practice<br />
*Rabbit clinical pathology<br />
*A review on equine parasitology<br />
<br />
[https://www.thewebinarvet.com/pages/student-year3-bundle/ View all »]<br />
<br />
====Student Vet Year 4====<br />
<br />
*Standing sedation for the equine patient<br />
*Goats- practitioners survival guide to common health problems<br />
*Farm animal analgesia<br />
<br />
[https://www.thewebinarvet.com/pages/student-year4-bundle/ View all »]<br />
<br />
====Student Vet Year 5====<br />
<br />
*Small animal surgery - abdominal emergencies<br />
*Large animal surgery basics<br />
*Sutures and knot tying. What to use, when and how<br />
<br />
[https://www.thewebinarvet.com/pages/student-year5-bundle/ View all »]<br />
<br />
==Social Media ==<br />
{| style="float:right; margin-left: 10px;" ><br />
|[[File:Facebook logo new.png|link=https://www.facebook.com/pages/WikiVet/188576847835536?v=wall|alt=WikiVet Facebook|30x30px|frameless]]<br />
|[[File:Twitter logo.png|link=https://twitter.com/#!/WikiVet|alt=WikiVet Twitter|30x30px|frameless]]<br />
|}<br />
Want to keep up with everything WikiVet? Follow us on all our social media here: '''[https://www.instagram.com/wikivet Instagram], [https://www.facebook.com/WikiVet Facebook], [https://twitter.com/wikivet Twitter], [https://www.linkedin.com/company/wikivet LinkedIn]'''<br />
<br />
If you have any comments or suggestions, please email the [mailto:info@wikivet.net WikiVet team]<br />
<br />
[[File:IIE_Award.png|link=https://www.iie.uk.com/green-directory/the-webinar-vet/|alt=Investors in the Environment award for The Webinar Vet - Silver 2021|frameless|120x120px]]</div><br />
<br />
[[es:Página Principal]]<br />
[[fr:Accueil]]</div>Charliecoleshttps://en.wikivet.net/index.php?title=File:WikiVet_Event_24th_Sept_2022_.png&diff=207739File:WikiVet Event 24th Sept 2022 .png2022-07-19T08:40:27Z<p>Charliecoles: </p>
<hr />
<div>.</div>Charliecoleshttps://en.wikivet.net/index.php?title=Veterinary_Education_Online&diff=207726Veterinary Education Online2022-06-17T16:08:16Z<p>Charliecoles: /* New Webinar From Protexin Veterinary */</p>
<hr />
<div>__NOTOC__<br />
<templatestyles src="Main Page/styles.css" /><br />
<div id="mp-topbanner" class="mp-bordered"><br />
<div id="mp-welcomecount"><br />
<div id="mp-welcome">Welcome to [[Main Page|WikiVet]],</div><br />
<div id="mp-free">Free [[WikiVet Introduction|veterinary encyclopedia]]. [[Frequently_Asked_Questions#How_do_I_edit_content|Submissions welcome]]<br>and are reviewed by renowned veterinary professionals.</div><br />
<div id="articlecount">[[Special:Statistics|{{NUMBEROFARTICLES}}]] articles in English</div><br />
</div><br />
<ul id="mp-portals"><br />
<li>[[CPD Events]]</li><br />
<li class="portal-vmid">[[Discipline]]s</li><br />
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<li class="portal-hmid">[[Lectures]]</li><br />
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<li class="portal-hright portal-vmid">[https://www.thewebinarvet.com/?utm_source=wikivet&utm_medium=webinar_hp_link Webinars]</li><br />
<li class="portal-hright portal-vbot">[[Video]]s</li><br />
</ul><br />
</div><br />
<!---------------------------News--------------------><br />
<div class="MainPageBG" style="border:1px solid #5B9DA7; background:#f5faff; color:#000; padding:0 14px 8px; margin-top:7px;"><br />
==New Webinar From Protexin Veterinary==<br />
[[File:Microbiota Webinar Thumbnail.png|alt=|left|thumb]]<br />
<br />
<br />
[[The Microbiota Probiotics Prebiotics|Watch Now!]] We have a new webinar on WikiVet by Protexin Veterinary 💻 🚨 <br />
<br />
In this webinar we take a look at the microbiota, what it is, why it is relevant to our veterinary patients and what happens when it becomes imbalanced (known as a dysbiosis). We then go on to learn about probiotics and prebioitcs and how they can be beneficial to our patients, before finishing up looking at some evidence supporting their use. <br />
<br />
🔗 Watch the webinar [[The Microbiota Probiotics Prebiotics|here.]][[File:WikiVet Career Zone.png|left|thumb]]<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
==Visit Our Career Zone==<br />
[https://simplyvets.com/career-zone '''Click here'''] to view all sorts of content to help you reach your dream veterinary career. Read articles such as, 'LinkedIn For Veterinary Students', 'Interview Preparation: The Key To Success', and 'A Day In The Life Of a Small Animal Vet'. If you’re a veterinary student, or in the working world… then there’s something for you!<br />
<br />
==Sign Up To The WikiVet Mailing List==<br />
Register [https://mailchi.mp/0d7716e93925/wikivet-sign-up '''here'''] to sign up to the WikiVet mailing list. You will receive content such as our monthly newsletter, highlighting some of the latest and most popular WikiVet articles guaranteed to improve your veterinary knowledge.<br />
==New Content From Protexin Veterinary!==<br />
Take a look at Protexin Veterinary's new content: [[The Microbiota and Antibiotics|'The Microbiota and Antibiotics']].<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
==Latest Video==<br />
<br />
In this video, Sarah Heath talks about behavioural first aid for the confrontational dog. Sarah Heath BVSc PgCertVE DipECAWBM(BM) CCAB FRCVS is both an RCVS and an EBVS ® European Veterinary Specialist in Behavioural Medicine as well as a Certified Clinical Animal Behaviourist. She was made a Fellow of the Royal College of Veterinary Surgeons in recognition of her work in establishing behavioural medicine as a veterinary discipline. In this video, Sarah explains how to advise clients to manage cases until referral is possible. <br />
{{#ev:youtube|QGQAwXNtkY0}}<br />
<br />
==The Webinar Vet's latest student bundles==<br />
<br />
====Student Vet Year 1 ====<br />
<br />
*Ethics and Welfare<br />
*I think this animal has been a victim of cruelty, what next?<br />
*Religious objections and futile treatments: a primer for handling euthanasia disputes<br />
<br />
[https://www.thewebinarvet.com/pages/student-year1-bundle-2/ View all »]<br />
<br />
====Student Vet Year 2====<br />
<br />
*Interpreting Endocrinology Lab results<br />
*Adrenal testing dogs and cats: which test for what case?<br />
*A case-based approach to endocrine treatment<br />
<br />
[https://www.thewebinarvet.com/pages/student-year2-bundle/ View all »]<br />
<br />
====Student Vet Year 3====<br />
<br />
*Tips and Tricks for getting the most from Cytology in practice<br />
*Rabbit clinical pathology<br />
*A review on equine parasitology<br />
<br />
[https://www.thewebinarvet.com/pages/student-year3-bundle/ View all »]<br />
<br />
====Student Vet Year 4====<br />
<br />
*Standing sedation for the equine patient<br />
*Goats- practitioners survival guide to common health problems<br />
*Farm animal analgesia<br />
<br />
[https://www.thewebinarvet.com/pages/student-year4-bundle/ View all »]<br />
<br />
====Student Vet Year 5====<br />
<br />
*Small animal surgery - abdominal emergencies<br />
*Large animal surgery basics<br />
*Sutures and knot tying. What to use, when and how<br />
<br />
[https://www.thewebinarvet.com/pages/student-year5-bundle/ View all »]<br />
<br />
==Social Media ==<br />
{| style="float:right; margin-left: 10px;" ><br />
|[[File:Facebook logo new.png|link=https://www.facebook.com/pages/WikiVet/188576847835536?v=wall|alt=WikiVet Facebook|30x30px|frameless]]<br />
|[[File:Twitter logo.png|link=https://twitter.com/#!/WikiVet|alt=WikiVet Twitter|30x30px|frameless]]<br />
|}<br />
Want to keep up with everything WikiVet? Follow us on all our social media here: '''[https://www.instagram.com/wikivet Instagram], [https://www.facebook.com/WikiVet Facebook], [https://twitter.com/wikivet Twitter], [https://www.linkedin.com/company/wikivet LinkedIn]'''<br />
<br />
If you have any comments or suggestions, please email the [mailto:info@wikivet.net WikiVet team]<br />
<br />
[[File:IIE_Award.png|link=https://www.iie.uk.com/green-directory/the-webinar-vet/|alt=Investors in the Environment award for The Webinar Vet - Silver 2021|frameless|120x120px]]</div><br />
<br />
[[es:Página Principal]]<br />
[[fr:Accueil]]</div>Charliecoleshttps://en.wikivet.net/index.php?title=Total_protein&diff=207276Total protein2022-03-17T10:27:22Z<p>Charliecoles: /* Protein Electrophoresis */</p>
<hr />
<div>Total protein in normal reptiles generally varies between 30 and 80g/l.Hypoproteinaemia is often associated with malnutrition. Other causes include malabsorption, maldigestion (e.g. intestinal parasitism), protein losing enteropathies, severe blood loss and chronic hepatic or [[Lizard and Snake Renal Disease|renal disease]].<br />
<br />
== Total Protein, Albumin and Globulins ==<br />
Serum proteins vary widely in their size, structure and function. Abnormal levels of proteins are termed dysproteinaemias. Total protein and albumin concentrations are determined and the globulin concentration arrived at by subtraction. Total protein levels are affected by physiological as well as pathological factors. Total protein levels are low in neonates rising to adult levels by 6 months to 1 year of age. Serum total protein levels are approximately 5% less than those of plasma due to the loss of fibrinogen in the clotting process.<br />
<br />
=== Causes of Hyperproteinaemia in Small Animals ===<br />
<br />
==== Hyperalbuminaemia ====<br />
<br />
* Dehydration<br />
<br />
==== Hyperglobulinaemia ====<br />
<br />
* Inflammation<br />
* Immune-mediated disease<br />
* Neoplasia<br />
<br />
=== Causes of hypoproteinaemia in Small Animals ===<br />
<br />
==== Hypoalbuminaemia ====<br />
<br />
* Hepatic insufficiency<br />
* Protein-losing enteropathy<br />
* Protein-losing nephropathy<br />
* Haemorrhage<br />
* Protein malnutrition/malabsorption/maldigestion<br />
* Exudation (body cavity, skin)<br />
* Compensatory for a hyperglobulinaemia<br />
<br />
==== Hypoglobulinaemia ====<br />
<br />
* Protein-losing enteropathy<br />
* Haemorrhage<br />
* Neonates<br />
* Congenital immunodeficiency<br />
<br />
=== Complementary tests in Small Animals ===<br />
Serum protein electrophoresis, urine protein electrophoresis, radial immunodiffusion for canine IgG, IgA and IgM (suspected immunodeficiency and classification of myelomas).<br />
<br />
=== Causes of hyperproteinaemia in Equine ===<br />
<br />
==== Hyperalbuminaemia ====<br />
<br />
* Dehydration<br />
<br />
==== Hyperglobulinaemia ====<br />
<br />
* Inflammation<br />
* Immune response to infection<br />
* Neoplasia for example lymphoma (rare)<br />
* Cyathostomiasis, large strongylosis, mixed helminthiasis<br />
<br />
=== Causes of hyproteinaemia in Equine ===<br />
<br />
==== Hypoalbuminaemia ====<br />
<br />
* Intestinal lymphoma<br />
<br />
* Cyathostomiasis, large strongylosis, mixed helminthiasis<br />
* Protein-losing enteropathy<br />
* Advanced hepatic insufficiency – usually fibrosis (Ragwort poisoning)<br />
* Idiopathic granulomatous enteritis<br />
* Salmonellosis<br />
* Clostridiosis<br />
* Protein-losing nephropathy<br />
* Compensatory for a hyperglobulinaemia<br />
* NSAIDS<br />
* Glomerulonephritis/pyelonephritis<br />
<br />
==== Less common causes of hypoabuminaemia ====<br />
<br />
* Starvation<br />
* Chronic hepatitis<br />
* Hepatic neoplasia<br />
* Amyloidosis<br />
* Chronic eosinophilic enteritis (rare)<br />
<br />
==== Hypoglobulinaemia ====<br />
<br />
* Inadequate transfer of colostrum (neonates)<br />
* Severe combined immunodeficiency disease in Arabian foals<br />
<br />
=== Complementary tests in Equine ===<br />
Protein electrophoresis.<br />
<br />
== Protein Electrophoresis ==<br />
Protein electrophoresis may be indicated when globulins are elevated or there are changes in the albumin to globulin ratio. This is a technique by which the serum proteins are separated into four fractions: albumin, α globulins, β globulins and γ globulins. Canine, feline and equine alpha and beta globulins are further subdivided into α1, α2, β1 and β2 fractions. <br />
<br />
'''α-globulin'''. Predominantly synthesised in the liver, (α1-fetoprotein synthesised by foetal live cells). α1-globulin fraction includes high density lipoproteins and acute phase proteins, which are inflammatory markers (α1-antitrypsin, α1-acid glycoprotein). The α2-globulin fraction includes very low density lipoproteins, low density lipoproteins (on cellulose acetate) and acute phase proteins (α2-macroglobulin, ceruloplasmin, haptoglobulin).<br />
<br />
'''β-globulin'''. In most domestic animals except ruminants these can be divided into β1 and β2 -globulins. These include important acute phase proteins such as complement (C3, C4), protein C (a natural anticoagulant in plasma), C-reactive protein, ferritin and amyloid A. The β1-globulin fraction includes some of the low density lipoproteins. Fibrinogen, another acute phase protein slightly trails the β2-globulins. The immunoglobulins IgM and IgA extend from the β2 to the γ region. In response to the antigenic stimulus of some infectious agents, or in plasma cell malignancies, immunoglobulins can be recognised in the β2 zone as well as the γ regions.<br />
<br />
'''γ -globulin'''. In most animals these are seen as two fractions, γ1 and γ2. IgA, IgM and IgE are mainly found in the γ1 region and IgG mainly in the γ2 region.<br />
<br />
'''Small animals'''. The details shown in the table below provide information for the interpretation of small animal protein electrophoresis. There is currently a great deal of interest in quantitative measurement of individual acute phase proteins, such as serum amyloid A, C-reactive protein and α-1-acid glycoprotein to assist in the diagnosis of non-specific acute inflammatory disease and conditions such as FIP.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
'''Electrophoretogram'''<br />
<br />
[[File:NWL 2016 Labfacts Electrophoretogram.png|frameless|330x330px]]<br />
<br />
[[File:NWL_2016_Labfacts_Electrophoretogram_2.png|alt=|frameless|362x362px]]<br />
<br />
{|<br />
!Index <br />
!Band <br />
!Rel. Area <br />
!Conc. (g/l) <br />
|-<br />
|1<br />
|Albumin <br />
|43.84% <br />
|35.07 <br />
|-<br />
|2<br />
|Alpha 1 <br />
|4.12% <br />
|3.30 <br />
|-<br />
|3<br />
|Alpha 2 <br />
|5.18% <br />
|4.15 <br />
|-<br />
|4<br />
|Beta <br />
|11.28% <br />
|9.02 <br />
|-<br />
|5<br />
|Gamma<br />
|35.58% <br />
|28.46 <br />
|-<br />
|'''Total'''<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|'''80.00''' <br />
|}<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
Interpretation of dysproteinaemias based on the A:G ratio and the protein electrophoresis profile (Kaneko, Jiro J et al. 2008; Parry, BW (ed.) 2008). <br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
!A:G Ratio <br />
!Abnormalities <br />
!Causes <br />
|-<br />
! rowspan="2" |Normal (normal electrophoresis trace) <br />
|Hyperproteinaemia <br />
|Dehydration <br />
|-<br />
|Hypoproteinaemia <br />
|Overhydration Acute blood loss<br />
<br />
External plasma loss: extravasation from burns, abrasions, exudative lesions, exudative dermatopathies, external parasites, gastrointestinal disease, diarrhoea.<br />
<br />
Internal plasma loss: gastrointestinal disease, internal parasites <br />
|-<br />
! rowspan="7" |Decreased <br />
|Hypoalbuminaemia <br />
|Selective loss of albumin: glomerulonephropathies, nephrosis, nephrotic syndrome, gastrointestinal disease, internal parasites.<br />
<br />
Decreased synthesis of albumin: chronic liver disease, malnutrition, chronic inflammatory disease <br />
|-<br />
|Increased α1-globulins <br />
|Acute inflammatory disease: α1-antitrypsin, α1-acid glycoprotein (FIP, FIV) <br />
|-<br />
|Increased α2–globulins <br />
|Acute inflammatory disease: α2-macroglobulin, ceruloplasmin, haptoglobin<br />
<br />
Severe active hepatitis: α2-macroglobulin<br />
<br />
Acute nephritis: α2-macroglobulin<br />
<br />
Nephrotic syndrome: α2 -macroglobulin, α2 -lipoprotein (VLDL) <br />
|-<br />
|Increased β-globulin <br />
|Acute hepatitis: transferrin, hemopexin<br />
<br />
Nephrotic syndrome: β2-lipoprotein (LDL), transferrin <br />
<br />
Suppurative dermatopathies: IgM, C3 <br />
|-<br />
|β-γ bridging <br />
|Chronic active hepatitis: IgA, IgM <br />
|-<br />
|Increased γ-globulin (broad increases)<br />
<br />
- polyclonal gammopathies (broad increases): IgG, IgM, IgA <br />
|Chronic inflammatory disease, infectious disease, collagen disease<br />
<br />
Chronic hepatitis<br />
<br />
Hepatic abscess<br />
<br />
Suppurative disease: feline infectious dermatitis, suppurative dermatitis, tuberculosis<br />
<br />
Immune-mediated disease: immune-mediated haemolytic anaemia and thrombocytopaenia, Aleutian disease of mink, equine infectious anaemia, systemic lupus erythematosus, autoimmune polyarthritis, autoimmune glomerulonephritis, autoimmune dermatitis, allergies<br />
<br />
Lymphoma <br />
|-<br />
|Increased γ-globulin (sharp increases)<br />
<br />
- monoclonal gammopathies (sharp increases): IgG, IgM, IgA <br />
|Lymphoma<br />
Plasma cell dyscrasias: multiple myeloma, Aleutian disease of mink <br />
<br />
Macroglobulinaemia<br />
<br />
Benign, nonpathologic <br />
|-<br />
! rowspan="2" |Increased <br />
|Increased albumin <br />
|Dehydration <br />
|-<br />
|Decreased globulins <br />
|Precolostral neonate<br />
<br />
Combined immunodeficiency of Arabian foals <br />
<br />
Aglobulinaemia <br />
|}<br />
<br />
<br />
'''Equine'''. Much of the information in the previous table also applies to horses but the α1-globulin fraction has no known significance. Common causes of elevations in the other fractions are:<br />
<br />
'''α2-globulin'''. High levels are associated with tissue damage such as infection and abscess formation. In the latter the γ-globulins may also be elevated.<br />
<br />
'''β1-globulin'''. High levels have been associated with intestinal larval pathology. However this is not a consistent finding in all cases and can be normal even when larvae are present.<br />
<br />
'''β2-globulin'''. High levels can be due to intestinal larval pathology as well as some cases of hepatopathy. In the latter changes would be expected to occur in serum liver enzymes. Monoclonal peaks can occur in horses with lymphoma or plasma cell myeloma.<br />
<br />
'''γ -globulin.''' Because this includes IgG, rises are seen with antibody responses to infection. Monoclonal peaks can occur in horses with lymphoma or plasma cell myeloma.<br />
<br />
<br />
Test Codes - Please visit [https://www.nwlabs.co.uk/ www.nwlabs.co.uk] or see our current price list for more information <br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
Total Protein, Albumin and Globulins References: [[NationWide Laboratories]]<br />
<br />
[[Category:Lizard_and_Snake_Glossary]]</div>Charliecoleshttps://en.wikivet.net/index.php?title=Total_protein&diff=207275Total protein2022-03-17T10:26:30Z<p>Charliecoles: /* Protein Electrophoresis */</p>
<hr />
<div>Total protein in normal reptiles generally varies between 30 and 80g/l.Hypoproteinaemia is often associated with malnutrition. Other causes include malabsorption, maldigestion (e.g. intestinal parasitism), protein losing enteropathies, severe blood loss and chronic hepatic or [[Lizard and Snake Renal Disease|renal disease]].<br />
<br />
== Total Protein, Albumin and Globulins ==<br />
Serum proteins vary widely in their size, structure and function. Abnormal levels of proteins are termed dysproteinaemias. Total protein and albumin concentrations are determined and the globulin concentration arrived at by subtraction. Total protein levels are affected by physiological as well as pathological factors. Total protein levels are low in neonates rising to adult levels by 6 months to 1 year of age. Serum total protein levels are approximately 5% less than those of plasma due to the loss of fibrinogen in the clotting process.<br />
<br />
=== Causes of Hyperproteinaemia in Small Animals ===<br />
<br />
==== Hyperalbuminaemia ====<br />
<br />
* Dehydration<br />
<br />
==== Hyperglobulinaemia ====<br />
<br />
* Inflammation<br />
* Immune-mediated disease<br />
* Neoplasia<br />
<br />
=== Causes of hypoproteinaemia in Small Animals ===<br />
<br />
==== Hypoalbuminaemia ====<br />
<br />
* Hepatic insufficiency<br />
* Protein-losing enteropathy<br />
* Protein-losing nephropathy<br />
* Haemorrhage<br />
* Protein malnutrition/malabsorption/maldigestion<br />
* Exudation (body cavity, skin)<br />
* Compensatory for a hyperglobulinaemia<br />
<br />
==== Hypoglobulinaemia ====<br />
<br />
* Protein-losing enteropathy<br />
* Haemorrhage<br />
* Neonates<br />
* Congenital immunodeficiency<br />
<br />
=== Complementary tests in Small Animals ===<br />
Serum protein electrophoresis, urine protein electrophoresis, radial immunodiffusion for canine IgG, IgA and IgM (suspected immunodeficiency and classification of myelomas).<br />
<br />
=== Causes of hyperproteinaemia in Equine ===<br />
<br />
==== Hyperalbuminaemia ====<br />
<br />
* Dehydration<br />
<br />
==== Hyperglobulinaemia ====<br />
<br />
* Inflammation<br />
* Immune response to infection<br />
* Neoplasia for example lymphoma (rare)<br />
* Cyathostomiasis, large strongylosis, mixed helminthiasis<br />
<br />
=== Causes of hyproteinaemia in Equine ===<br />
<br />
==== Hypoalbuminaemia ====<br />
<br />
* Intestinal lymphoma<br />
<br />
* Cyathostomiasis, large strongylosis, mixed helminthiasis<br />
* Protein-losing enteropathy<br />
* Advanced hepatic insufficiency – usually fibrosis (Ragwort poisoning)<br />
* Idiopathic granulomatous enteritis<br />
* Salmonellosis<br />
* Clostridiosis<br />
* Protein-losing nephropathy<br />
* Compensatory for a hyperglobulinaemia<br />
* NSAIDS<br />
* Glomerulonephritis/pyelonephritis<br />
<br />
==== Less common causes of hypoabuminaemia ====<br />
<br />
* Starvation<br />
* Chronic hepatitis<br />
* Hepatic neoplasia<br />
* Amyloidosis<br />
* Chronic eosinophilic enteritis (rare)<br />
<br />
==== Hypoglobulinaemia ====<br />
<br />
* Inadequate transfer of colostrum (neonates)<br />
* Severe combined immunodeficiency disease in Arabian foals<br />
<br />
=== Complementary tests in Equine ===<br />
Protein electrophoresis.<br />
<br />
== Protein Electrophoresis ==<br />
Protein electrophoresis may be indicated when globulins are elevated or there are changes in the albumin to globulin ratio. This is a technique by which the serum proteins are separated into four fractions: albumin, α globulins, β globulins and γ globulins. Canine, feline and equine alpha and beta globulins are further subdivided into α1, α2, β1 and β2 fractions. <br />
<br />
'''α-globulin'''. Predominantly synthesised in the liver, (α1-fetoprotein synthesised by foetal live cells). α1-globulin fraction includes high density lipoproteins and acute phase proteins, which are inflammatory markers (α1-antitrypsin, α1-acid glycoprotein). The α2-globulin fraction includes very low density lipoproteins, low density lipoproteins (on cellulose acetate) and acute phase proteins (α2-macroglobulin, ceruloplasmin, haptoglobulin).<br />
<br />
'''β-globulin'''. In most domestic animals except ruminants these can be divided into β1 and β2 -globulins. These include important acute phase proteins such as complement (C3, C4), protein C (a natural anticoagulant in plasma), C-reactive protein, ferritin and amyloid A. The β1-globulin fraction includes some of the low density lipoproteins. Fibrinogen, another acute phase protein slightly trails the β2-globulins. The immunoglobulins IgM and IgA extend from the β2 to the γ region. In response to the antigenic stimulus of some infectious agents, or in plasma cell malignancies, immunoglobulins can be recognised in the β2 zone as well as the γ regions.<br />
<br />
'''γ -globulin'''. In most animals these are seen as two fractions, γ1 and γ2. IgA, IgM and IgE are mainly found in the γ1 region and IgG mainly in the γ2 region.<br />
<br />
'''Small animals'''. The details shown in the table below provide information for the interpretation of small animal protein electrophoresis. There is currently a great deal of interest in quantitative measurement of individual acute phase proteins, such as serum amyloid A, C-reactive protein and α-1-acid glycoprotein to assist in the diagnosis of non-specific acute inflammatory disease and conditions such as FIP.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
'''Electrophoretogram'''<br />
<br />
[[File:NWL 2016 Labfacts Electrophoretogram.png|frameless|330x330px]]<br />
[[File:NWL 2016 Labfacts Electrophoretogram 2.png|left|frameless|362x362px]]<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
{|<br />
!Index <br />
!Band <br />
!Rel. Area <br />
!Conc. (g/l) <br />
|-<br />
|1<br />
|Albumin <br />
|43.84% <br />
|35.07 <br />
|-<br />
|2<br />
|Alpha 1 <br />
|4.12% <br />
|3.30 <br />
|-<br />
|3<br />
|Alpha 2 <br />
|5.18% <br />
|4.15 <br />
|-<br />
|4<br />
|Beta <br />
|11.28% <br />
|9.02 <br />
|-<br />
|5<br />
|Gamma<br />
|35.58% <br />
|28.46 <br />
|-<br />
|'''Total'''<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|'''80.00''' <br />
|}<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
Interpretation of dysproteinaemias based on the A:G ratio and the protein electrophoresis profile (Kaneko, Jiro J et al. 2008; Parry, BW (ed.) 2008). <br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
!A:G Ratio <br />
!Abnormalities <br />
!Causes <br />
|-<br />
! rowspan="2" |Normal (normal electrophoresis trace) <br />
|Hyperproteinaemia <br />
|Dehydration <br />
|-<br />
|Hypoproteinaemia <br />
|Overhydration Acute blood loss<br />
<br />
External plasma loss: extravasation from burns, abrasions, exudative lesions, exudative dermatopathies, external parasites, gastrointestinal disease, diarrhoea.<br />
<br />
Internal plasma loss: gastrointestinal disease, internal parasites <br />
|-<br />
! rowspan="7" |Decreased <br />
|Hypoalbuminaemia <br />
|Selective loss of albumin: glomerulonephropathies, nephrosis, nephrotic syndrome, gastrointestinal disease, internal parasites.<br />
<br />
Decreased synthesis of albumin: chronic liver disease, malnutrition, chronic inflammatory disease <br />
|-<br />
|Increased α1-globulins <br />
|Acute inflammatory disease: α1-antitrypsin, α1-acid glycoprotein (FIP, FIV) <br />
|-<br />
|Increased α2–globulins <br />
|Acute inflammatory disease: α2-macroglobulin, ceruloplasmin, haptoglobin<br />
<br />
Severe active hepatitis: α2-macroglobulin<br />
<br />
Acute nephritis: α2-macroglobulin<br />
<br />
Nephrotic syndrome: α2 -macroglobulin, α2 -lipoprotein (VLDL) <br />
|-<br />
|Increased β-globulin <br />
|Acute hepatitis: transferrin, hemopexin<br />
<br />
Nephrotic syndrome: β2-lipoprotein (LDL), transferrin <br />
<br />
Suppurative dermatopathies: IgM, C3 <br />
|-<br />
|β-γ bridging <br />
|Chronic active hepatitis: IgA, IgM <br />
|-<br />
|Increased γ-globulin (broad increases)<br />
<br />
- polyclonal gammopathies (broad increases): IgG, IgM, IgA <br />
|Chronic inflammatory disease, infectious disease, collagen disease<br />
<br />
Chronic hepatitis<br />
<br />
Hepatic abscess<br />
<br />
Suppurative disease: feline infectious dermatitis, suppurative dermatitis, tuberculosis<br />
<br />
Immune-mediated disease: immune-mediated haemolytic anaemia and thrombocytopaenia, Aleutian disease of mink, equine infectious anaemia, systemic lupus erythematosus, autoimmune polyarthritis, autoimmune glomerulonephritis, autoimmune dermatitis, allergies<br />
<br />
Lymphoma <br />
|-<br />
|Increased γ-globulin (sharp increases)<br />
<br />
- monoclonal gammopathies (sharp increases): IgG, IgM, IgA <br />
|Lymphoma<br />
Plasma cell dyscrasias: multiple myeloma, Aleutian disease of mink <br />
<br />
Macroglobulinaemia<br />
<br />
Benign, nonpathologic <br />
|-<br />
! rowspan="2" |Increased <br />
|Increased albumin <br />
|Dehydration <br />
|-<br />
|Decreased globulins <br />
|Precolostral neonate<br />
<br />
Combined immunodeficiency of Arabian foals <br />
<br />
Aglobulinaemia <br />
|}<br />
<br />
<br />
'''Equine'''. Much of the information in the previous table also applies to horses but the α1-globulin fraction has no known significance. Common causes of elevations in the other fractions are:<br />
<br />
'''α2-globulin'''. High levels are associated with tissue damage such as infection and abscess formation. In the latter the γ-globulins may also be elevated.<br />
<br />
'''β1-globulin'''. High levels have been associated with intestinal larval pathology. However this is not a consistent finding in all cases and can be normal even when larvae are present.<br />
<br />
'''β2-globulin'''. High levels can be due to intestinal larval pathology as well as some cases of hepatopathy. In the latter changes would be expected to occur in serum liver enzymes. Monoclonal peaks can occur in horses with lymphoma or plasma cell myeloma.<br />
<br />
'''γ -globulin.''' Because this includes IgG, rises are seen with antibody responses to infection. Monoclonal peaks can occur in horses with lymphoma or plasma cell myeloma.<br />
<br />
<br />
Test Codes - Please visit [https://www.nwlabs.co.uk/ www.nwlabs.co.uk] or see our current price list for more information <br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
Total Protein, Albumin and Globulins References: [[NationWide Laboratories]]<br />
<br />
[[Category:Lizard_and_Snake_Glossary]]</div>Charliecoleshttps://en.wikivet.net/index.php?title=Total_protein&diff=207274Total protein2022-03-17T10:25:57Z<p>Charliecoles: </p>
<hr />
<div>Total protein in normal reptiles generally varies between 30 and 80g/l.Hypoproteinaemia is often associated with malnutrition. Other causes include malabsorption, maldigestion (e.g. intestinal parasitism), protein losing enteropathies, severe blood loss and chronic hepatic or [[Lizard and Snake Renal Disease|renal disease]].<br />
<br />
== Total Protein, Albumin and Globulins ==<br />
Serum proteins vary widely in their size, structure and function. Abnormal levels of proteins are termed dysproteinaemias. Total protein and albumin concentrations are determined and the globulin concentration arrived at by subtraction. Total protein levels are affected by physiological as well as pathological factors. Total protein levels are low in neonates rising to adult levels by 6 months to 1 year of age. Serum total protein levels are approximately 5% less than those of plasma due to the loss of fibrinogen in the clotting process.<br />
<br />
=== Causes of Hyperproteinaemia in Small Animals ===<br />
<br />
==== Hyperalbuminaemia ====<br />
<br />
* Dehydration<br />
<br />
==== Hyperglobulinaemia ====<br />
<br />
* Inflammation<br />
* Immune-mediated disease<br />
* Neoplasia<br />
<br />
=== Causes of hypoproteinaemia in Small Animals ===<br />
<br />
==== Hypoalbuminaemia ====<br />
<br />
* Hepatic insufficiency<br />
* Protein-losing enteropathy<br />
* Protein-losing nephropathy<br />
* Haemorrhage<br />
* Protein malnutrition/malabsorption/maldigestion<br />
* Exudation (body cavity, skin)<br />
* Compensatory for a hyperglobulinaemia<br />
<br />
==== Hypoglobulinaemia ====<br />
<br />
* Protein-losing enteropathy<br />
* Haemorrhage<br />
* Neonates<br />
* Congenital immunodeficiency<br />
<br />
=== Complementary tests in Small Animals ===<br />
Serum protein electrophoresis, urine protein electrophoresis, radial immunodiffusion for canine IgG, IgA and IgM (suspected immunodeficiency and classification of myelomas).<br />
<br />
=== Causes of hyperproteinaemia in Equine ===<br />
<br />
==== Hyperalbuminaemia ====<br />
<br />
* Dehydration<br />
<br />
==== Hyperglobulinaemia ====<br />
<br />
* Inflammation<br />
* Immune response to infection<br />
* Neoplasia for example lymphoma (rare)<br />
* Cyathostomiasis, large strongylosis, mixed helminthiasis<br />
<br />
=== Causes of hyproteinaemia in Equine ===<br />
<br />
==== Hypoalbuminaemia ====<br />
<br />
* Intestinal lymphoma<br />
<br />
* Cyathostomiasis, large strongylosis, mixed helminthiasis<br />
* Protein-losing enteropathy<br />
* Advanced hepatic insufficiency – usually fibrosis (Ragwort poisoning)<br />
* Idiopathic granulomatous enteritis<br />
* Salmonellosis<br />
* Clostridiosis<br />
* Protein-losing nephropathy<br />
* Compensatory for a hyperglobulinaemia<br />
* NSAIDS<br />
* Glomerulonephritis/pyelonephritis<br />
<br />
==== Less common causes of hypoabuminaemia ====<br />
<br />
* Starvation<br />
* Chronic hepatitis<br />
* Hepatic neoplasia<br />
* Amyloidosis<br />
* Chronic eosinophilic enteritis (rare)<br />
<br />
==== Hypoglobulinaemia ====<br />
<br />
* Inadequate transfer of colostrum (neonates)<br />
* Severe combined immunodeficiency disease in Arabian foals<br />
<br />
=== Complementary tests in Equine ===<br />
Protein electrophoresis.<br />
<br />
== Protein Electrophoresis ==<br />
Protein electrophoresis may be indicated when globulins are elevated or there are changes in the albumin to globulin ratio. This is a technique by which the serum proteins are separated into four fractions: albumin, α globulins, β globulins and γ globulins. Canine, feline and equine alpha and beta globulins are further subdivided into α1, α2, β1 and β2 fractions. <br />
<br />
'''α-globulin'''. Predominantly synthesised in the liver, (α1-fetoprotein synthesised by foetal live cells). α1-globulin fraction includes high density lipoproteins and acute phase proteins, which are inflammatory markers (α1-antitrypsin, α1-acid glycoprotein). The α2-globulin fraction includes very low density lipoproteins, low density lipoproteins (on cellulose acetate) and acute phase proteins (α2-macroglobulin, ceruloplasmin, haptoglobulin).<br />
<br />
'''β-globulin'''. In most domestic animals except ruminants these can be divided into β1 and β2 -globulins. These include important acute phase proteins such as complement (C3, C4), protein C (a natural anticoagulant in plasma), C-reactive protein, ferritin and amyloid A. The β1-globulin fraction includes some of the low density lipoproteins. Fibrinogen, another acute phase protein slightly trails the β2-globulins. The immunoglobulins IgM and IgA extend from the β2 to the γ region. In response to the antigenic stimulus of some infectious agents, or in plasma cell malignancies, immunoglobulins can be recognised in the β2 zone as well as the γ regions.<br />
<br />
'''γ -globulin'''. In most animals these are seen as two fractions, γ1 and γ2. IgA, IgM and IgE are mainly found in the γ1 region and IgG mainly in the γ2 region.<br />
<br />
'''Small animals'''. The details shown in the table below provide information for the interpretation of small animal protein electrophoresis. There is currently a great deal of interest in quantitative measurement of individual acute phase proteins, such as serum amyloid A, C-reactive protein and α-1-acid glycoprotein to assist in the diagnosis of non-specific acute inflammatory disease and conditions such as FIP.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
'''Electrophoretogram'''<br />
<br />
[[File:NWL 2016 Labfacts Electrophoretogram.png|frameless|330x330px]]<br />
[[File:NWL 2016 Labfacts Electrophoretogram 2.png|left|frameless|362x362px]]<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
{|<br />
!Index <br />
!Band <br />
!Rel. Area <br />
!Conc. (g/l) <br />
|-<br />
|1<br />
|Albumin <br />
|43.84% <br />
|35.07 <br />
|-<br />
|2<br />
|Alpha 1 <br />
|4.12% <br />
|3.30 <br />
|-<br />
|3<br />
|Alpha 2 <br />
|5.18% <br />
|4.15 <br />
|-<br />
|4<br />
|Beta <br />
|11.28% <br />
|9.02 <br />
|-<br />
|5<br />
|Gamma<br />
|35.58% <br />
|28.46 <br />
|-<br />
|'''Total'''<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|'''80.00''' <br />
|}<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
Interpretation of dysproteinaemias based on the A:G ratio and the protein electrophoresis profile (Kaneko, Jiro J et al. 2008; Parry, BW (ed.) 2008). <br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
!A:G Ratio <br />
!Abnormalities <br />
!Causes <br />
|-<br />
! rowspan="2" |Normal (normal electrophoresis trace) <br />
|Hyperproteinaemia <br />
|Dehydration <br />
|-<br />
|Hypoproteinaemia <br />
|Overhydration Acute blood loss<br />
<br />
External plasma loss: extravasation from burns, abrasions, exudative lesions, exudative dermatopathies, external parasites, gastrointestinal disease, diarrhoea.<br />
<br />
Internal plasma loss: gastrointestinal disease, internal parasites <br />
|-<br />
! rowspan="7" |Decreased <br />
|Hypoalbuminaemia <br />
|Selective loss of albumin: glomerulonephropathies, nephrosis, nephrotic syndrome, gastrointestinal disease, internal parasites.<br />
<br />
Decreased synthesis of albumin: chronic liver disease, malnutrition, chronic inflammatory disease <br />
|-<br />
|Increased α1-globulins <br />
|Acute inflammatory disease: α1-antitrypsin, α1-acid glycoprotein (FIP, FIV) <br />
|-<br />
|Increased α2–globulins <br />
|Acute inflammatory disease: α2-macroglobulin, ceruloplasmin, haptoglobin<br />
<br />
Severe active hepatitis: α2-macroglobulin<br />
<br />
Acute nephritis: α2-macroglobulin<br />
<br />
Nephrotic syndrome: α2 -macroglobulin, α2 -lipoprotein (VLDL) <br />
|-<br />
|Increased β-globulin <br />
|Acute hepatitis: transferrin, hemopexin<br />
<br />
Nephrotic syndrome: β2-lipoprotein (LDL), transferrin <br />
<br />
Suppurative dermatopathies: IgM, C3 <br />
|-<br />
|β-γ bridging <br />
|Chronic active hepatitis: IgA, IgM <br />
|-<br />
|Increased γ-globulin (broad increases)<br />
<br />
- polyclonal gammopathies (broad increases): IgG, IgM, IgA <br />
|Chronic inflammatory disease, infectious disease, collagen disease<br />
<br />
Chronic hepatitis<br />
<br />
Hepatic abscess<br />
<br />
Suppurative disease: feline infectious dermatitis, suppurative dermatitis, tuberculosis<br />
<br />
Immune-mediated disease: immune-mediated haemolytic anaemia and thrombocytopaenia, Aleutian disease of mink, equine infectious anaemia, systemic lupus erythematosus, autoimmune polyarthritis, autoimmune glomerulonephritis, autoimmune dermatitis, allergies<br />
<br />
Lymphoma <br />
|-<br />
|Increased γ-globulin (sharp increases)<br />
<br />
- monoclonal gammopathies (sharp increases): IgG, IgM, IgA <br />
|Lymphoma<br />
Plasma cell dyscrasias: multiple myeloma, Aleutian disease of mink <br />
<br />
Macroglobulinaemia<br />
<br />
Benign, nonpathologic <br />
|-<br />
! rowspan="2" |Increased <br />
|Increased albumin <br />
|Dehydration <br />
|-<br />
|Decreased globulins <br />
|Precolostral neonate<br />
<br />
Combined immunodeficiency of Arabian foals <br />
<br />
Aglobulinaemia <br />
|}<br />
<br />
<br />
'''Equine'''. Much of the information in the previous table also applies to horses but the α1-globulin fraction has no known significance. Common causes of elevations in the other fractions are:<br />
<br />
'''α2-globulin'''. High levels are associated with tissue damage such as infection and abscess formation. In the latter the γ-globulins may also be elevated.<br />
<br />
'''β1-globulin'''. High levels have been associated with intestinal larval pathology. However this is not a consistent finding in all cases and can be normal even when larvae are present.<br />
<br />
'''β2-globulin'''. High levels can be due to intestinal larval pathology as well as some cases of hepatopathy. In the latter changes would be expected to occur in serum liver enzymes. Monoclonal peaks can occur in horses with lymphoma or plasma cell myeloma.<br />
<br />
'''γ -globulin.''' Because this includes IgG, rises are seen with antibody responses to infection. Monoclonal peaks can occur in horses with lymphoma or plasma cell myeloma.<br />
<br />
<br />
Test Codes - Please visit [https://www.nwlabs.co.uk/ www.nwlabs.co.uk] or see our current price list for more information <br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
Total Protein, Albumin and Globulins References: [[NationWide Laboratories]]<br />
<br />
[[Category:Lizard_and_Snake_Glossary]]</div>Charliecoleshttps://en.wikivet.net/index.php?title=Total_protein&diff=207273Total protein2022-03-17T10:24:42Z<p>Charliecoles: </p>
<hr />
<div>Total protein in normal reptiles generally varies between 30 and 80g/l.Hypoproteinaemia is often associated with malnutrition. Other causes include malabsorption, maldigestion (e.g. intestinal parasitism), protein losing enteropathies, severe blood loss and chronic hepatic or [[Lizard and Snake Renal Disease|renal disease]].<br />
<br />
== Total Protein, Albumin and Globulins ==<br />
Serum proteins vary widely in their size, structure and function. Abnormal levels of proteins are termed dysproteinaemias. Total protein and albumin concentrations are determined and the globulin concentration arrived at by subtraction. Total protein levels are affected by physiological as well as pathological factors. Total protein levels are low in neonates rising to adult levels by 6 months to 1 year of age. Serum total protein levels are approximately 5% less than those of plasma due to the loss of fibrinogen in the clotting process.<br />
<br />
=== Causes of Hyperproteinaemia in Small Animals ===<br />
<br />
==== Hyperalbuminaemia ====<br />
<br />
* Dehydration<br />
<br />
==== Hyperglobulinaemia ====<br />
<br />
* Inflammation<br />
* Immune-mediated disease<br />
* Neoplasia<br />
<br />
=== Causes of hypoproteinaemia in Small Animals ===<br />
<br />
==== Hypoalbuminaemia ====<br />
<br />
* Hepatic insufficiency<br />
* Protein-losing enteropathy<br />
* Protein-losing nephropathy<br />
* Haemorrhage<br />
* Protein malnutrition/malabsorption/maldigestion<br />
* Exudation (body cavity, skin)<br />
* Compensatory for a hyperglobulinaemia<br />
<br />
==== Hypoglobulinaemia ====<br />
<br />
* Protein-losing enteropathy<br />
* Haemorrhage<br />
* Neonates<br />
* Congenital immunodeficiency<br />
<br />
=== Complementary tests in Small Animals ===<br />
Serum protein electrophoresis, urine protein electrophoresis, radial immunodiffusion for canine IgG, IgA and IgM (suspected immunodeficiency and classification of myelomas).<br />
<br />
=== Causes of hyperproteinaemia in Equine ===<br />
<br />
==== Hyperalbuminaemia ====<br />
<br />
* Dehydration<br />
<br />
==== Hyperglobulinaemia ====<br />
<br />
* Inflammation<br />
* Immune response to infection<br />
* Neoplasia for example lymphoma (rare)<br />
* Cyathostomiasis, large strongylosis, mixed helminthiasis<br />
<br />
=== Causes of hyproteinaemia in Equine ===<br />
<br />
==== Hypoalbuminaemia ====<br />
<br />
* Intestinal lymphoma<br />
<br />
* Cyathostomiasis, large strongylosis, mixed helminthiasis<br />
* Protein-losing enteropathy<br />
* Advanced hepatic insufficiency – usually fibrosis (Ragwort poisoning)<br />
* Idiopathic granulomatous enteritis<br />
* Salmonellosis<br />
* Clostridiosis<br />
* Protein-losing nephropathy<br />
* Compensatory for a hyperglobulinaemia<br />
* NSAIDS<br />
* Glomerulonephritis/pyelonephritis<br />
<br />
==== Less common causes of hypoabuminaemia ====<br />
<br />
* Starvation<br />
* Chronic hepatitis<br />
* Hepatic neoplasia<br />
* Amyloidosis<br />
* Chronic eosinophilic enteritis (rare)<br />
<br />
==== Hypoglobulinaemia ====<br />
<br />
* Inadequate transfer of colostrum (neonates)<br />
* Severe combined immunodeficiency disease in Arabian foals<br />
<br />
=== Complementary tests in Equine ===<br />
Protein electrophoresis.<br />
<br />
== Protein Electrophoresis ==<br />
Protein electrophoresis may be indicated when globulins are elevated or there are changes in the albumin to globulin ratio. This is a technique by which the serum proteins are separated into four fractions: albumin, α globulins, β globulins and γ globulins. Canine, feline and equine alpha and beta globulins are further subdivided into α1, α2, β1 and β2 fractions. <br />
<br />
'''α-globulin'''. Predominantly synthesised in the liver, (α1-fetoprotein synthesised by foetal live cells). α1-globulin fraction includes high density lipoproteins and acute phase proteins, which are inflammatory markers (α1-antitrypsin, α1-acid glycoprotein). The α2-globulin fraction includes very low density lipoproteins, low density lipoproteins (on cellulose acetate) and acute phase proteins (α2-macroglobulin, ceruloplasmin, haptoglobulin).<br />
<br />
'''β-globulin'''. In most domestic animals except ruminants these can be divided into β1 and β2 -globulins. These include important acute phase proteins such as complement (C3, C4), protein C (a natural anticoagulant in plasma), C-reactive protein, ferritin and amyloid A. The β1-globulin fraction includes some of the low density lipoproteins. Fibrinogen, another acute phase protein slightly trails the β2-globulins. The immunoglobulins IgM and IgA extend from the β2 to the γ region. In response to the antigenic stimulus of some infectious agents, or in plasma cell malignancies, immunoglobulins can be recognised in the β2 zone as well as the γ regions.<br />
<br />
'''γ -globulin'''. In most animals these are seen as two fractions, γ1 and γ2. IgA, IgM and IgE are mainly found in the γ1 region and IgG mainly in the γ2 region.<br />
<br />
'''Small animals'''. The details shown in the table below provide information for the interpretation of small animal protein electrophoresis. There is currently a great deal of interest in quantitative measurement of individual acute phase proteins, such as serum amyloid A, C-reactive protein and α-1-acid glycoprotein to assist in the diagnosis of non-specific acute inflammatory disease and conditions such as FIP.<br />
<br />
<br />
'''Electrophoretogram'''<br />
[[File:NWL 2016 Labfacts Electrophoretogram.png|frameless|330x330px]]<br />
[[File:NWL 2016 Labfacts Electrophoretogram 2.png|left|frameless|362x362px]]<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
{|<br />
!Index <br />
!Band <br />
!Rel. Area <br />
!Conc. (g/l) <br />
|-<br />
|1<br />
|Albumin <br />
|43.84% <br />
|35.07 <br />
|-<br />
|2<br />
|Alpha 1 <br />
|4.12% <br />
|3.30 <br />
|-<br />
|3<br />
|Alpha 2 <br />
|5.18% <br />
|4.15 <br />
|-<br />
|4<br />
|Beta <br />
|11.28% <br />
|9.02 <br />
|-<br />
|5<br />
|Gamma<br />
|35.58% <br />
|28.46 <br />
|-<br />
|'''Total'''<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|'''80.00''' <br />
|}<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
Interpretation of dysproteinaemias based on the A:G ratio and the protein electrophoresis profile (Kaneko, Jiro J et al. 2008; Parry, BW (ed.) 2008). <br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
!A:G Ratio <br />
!Abnormalities <br />
!Causes <br />
|-<br />
! rowspan="2" |Normal (normal electrophoresis trace) <br />
|Hyperproteinaemia <br />
|Dehydration <br />
|-<br />
|Hypoproteinaemia <br />
|Overhydration Acute blood loss<br />
<br />
External plasma loss: extravasation from burns, abrasions, exudative lesions, exudative dermatopathies, external parasites, gastrointestinal disease, diarrhoea.<br />
<br />
Internal plasma loss: gastrointestinal disease, internal parasites <br />
|-<br />
! rowspan="7" |Decreased <br />
|Hypoalbuminaemia <br />
|Selective loss of albumin: glomerulonephropathies, nephrosis, nephrotic syndrome, gastrointestinal disease, internal parasites.<br />
<br />
Decreased synthesis of albumin: chronic liver disease, malnutrition, chronic inflammatory disease <br />
|-<br />
|Increased α1-globulins <br />
|Acute inflammatory disease: α1-antitrypsin, α1-acid glycoprotein (FIP, FIV) <br />
|-<br />
|Increased α2–globulins <br />
|Acute inflammatory disease: α2-macroglobulin, ceruloplasmin, haptoglobin<br />
<br />
Severe active hepatitis: α2-macroglobulin<br />
<br />
Acute nephritis: α2-macroglobulin<br />
<br />
Nephrotic syndrome: α2 -macroglobulin, α2 -lipoprotein (VLDL) <br />
|-<br />
|Increased β-globulin <br />
|Acute hepatitis: transferrin, hemopexin<br />
<br />
Nephrotic syndrome: β2-lipoprotein (LDL), transferrin <br />
<br />
Suppurative dermatopathies: IgM, C3 <br />
|-<br />
|β-γ bridging <br />
|Chronic active hepatitis: IgA, IgM <br />
|-<br />
|Increased γ-globulin (broad increases)<br />
<br />
- polyclonal gammopathies (broad increases): IgG, IgM, IgA <br />
|Chronic inflammatory disease, infectious disease, collagen disease<br />
<br />
Chronic hepatitis<br />
<br />
Hepatic abscess<br />
<br />
Suppurative disease: feline infectious dermatitis, suppurative dermatitis, tuberculosis<br />
<br />
Immune-mediated disease: immune-mediated haemolytic anaemia and thrombocytopaenia, Aleutian disease of mink, equine infectious anaemia, systemic lupus erythematosus, autoimmune polyarthritis, autoimmune glomerulonephritis, autoimmune dermatitis, allergies<br />
<br />
Lymphoma <br />
|-<br />
|Increased γ-globulin (sharp increases)<br />
<br />
- monoclonal gammopathies (sharp increases): IgG, IgM, IgA <br />
|Lymphoma<br />
Plasma cell dyscrasias: multiple myeloma, Aleutian disease of mink <br />
<br />
Macroglobulinaemia<br />
<br />
Benign, nonpathologic <br />
|-<br />
! rowspan="2" |Increased <br />
|Increased albumin <br />
|Dehydration <br />
|-<br />
|Decreased globulins <br />
|Precolostral neonate<br />
<br />
Combined immunodeficiency of Arabian foals <br />
<br />
Aglobulinaemia <br />
|}<br />
<br />
<br />
'''Equine'''. Much of the information in the previous table also applies to horses but the α1-globulin fraction has no known significance. Common causes of elevations in the other fractions are:<br />
<br />
'''α2-globulin'''. High levels are associated with tissue damage such as infection and abscess formation. In the latter the γ-globulins may also be elevated.<br />
<br />
'''β1-globulin'''. High levels have been associated with intestinal larval pathology. However this is not a consistent finding in all cases and can be normal even when larvae are present.<br />
<br />
'''β2-globulin'''. High levels can be due to intestinal larval pathology as well as some cases of hepatopathy. In the latter changes would be expected to occur in serum liver enzymes. Monoclonal peaks can occur in horses with lymphoma or plasma cell myeloma.<br />
<br />
'''γ -globulin.''' Because this includes IgG, rises are seen with antibody responses to infection. Monoclonal peaks can occur in horses with lymphoma or plasma cell myeloma.<br />
<br />
<br />
Test Codes - Please visit [https://www.nwlabs.co.uk/ www.nwlabs.co.uk] or see our current price list for more information <br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
Total Protein, Albumin and Globulins References: [[NationWide Laboratories]]<br />
<br />
[[Category:Lizard_and_Snake_Glossary]]</div>Charliecoleshttps://en.wikivet.net/index.php?title=File:NWL_2016_Labfacts_Electrophoretogram_2.png&diff=207272File:NWL 2016 Labfacts Electrophoretogram 2.png2022-03-17T10:07:40Z<p>Charliecoles: </p>
<hr />
<div>.</div>Charliecoleshttps://en.wikivet.net/index.php?title=File:NWL_2016_Labfacts_Electrophoretogram.png&diff=207271File:NWL 2016 Labfacts Electrophoretogram.png2022-03-17T10:06:57Z<p>Charliecoles: </p>
<hr />
<div>.</div>Charliecoleshttps://en.wikivet.net/index.php?title=Creatinine&diff=207254Creatinine2022-03-16T12:26:20Z<p>Charliecoles: </p>
<hr />
<div>{| cellpadding="10" cellspacing="0" border="1"<br />
| See also:<br />
| '''[[Creatinine in lizards]]'''<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==Description==<br />
Creatinine is formed as a degradation product of creatine kinase, an enzyme mainly found in skeletal muscle. Its rate of production is proportional to the muscle mass of the animal and very muscular animals and entire male animals often have higher serum concentrations than others. It is filtered passively into the glomerular filtrate and it is not reabsorbed so the urine creatinine concentration can be used to standardise the concentrations of other metabolites in urine, as in the calculation of the urine protein: creatinine ratio (UPC) or urine corticoid: creatinine ratio (UCCR) for [[Hyperadrenocorticism|hyperadrenocorticism]].<br />
<br />
==Clinical Significance==<br />
Elevations in serum creatinine concentration are most likely to occur with reductions in glomerular filtration rate (GFR) as occurs in renal failure. An elevated creatinine concentration with a raised [[Urea|urea]] concentration is termed [[Azotaemia|'''azotaemia''']] and this occurs almost exclusively with renal failure. In animals with chronic kidney disease, more creatinine may be excreted through the gastro-intestinal tract, reducing the apparent severity of the renal disease.<br />
<br />
Creatinine may also be elevated in animals that have undergone recent muscle catabolism or myopathies but the concentration of '''creatine kinase''' (CK) should also be elevated in these patients. <br />
<br />
The serum creatinine concentration may be reduced in animals with a '''reduced muscle mass'''.<br />
<br />
== Nationwide Laboratories Content ==<br />
[[File:NationWide Logo.jpeg|right|link=https://www.nwlabs.co.uk/|alt=NationWide Logo|320x320px|frameless]]<br />
Creatinine is produced at a steady rate due to muscle catabolism and is not reabsorbed by the kidney tubules after filtration. It’s measurement provides an indirect assessment of the glomerular filtration rate (GFR). The relationship between the GFR and creatinine excretion is not linear; with creatinine levels of less than 180μmol/l (in the dog) there may actually be up to three quarters of the nephrons lost, thereafter even small further losses may result in substantial increases in creatinine levels. Unlike urea it is not markedly affected by any aspect of liver function or diet therefore the test is more specific for renal dysfunction.<br />
<br />
Decreased levels of creatinine are infrequently encountered but may be associated with severe muscle wasting, and pregnancy (where increased cardiac output leads to increased GFR and creatinine clearance).<br />
<br />
'''Small animals'''<br />
<br />
Causes of increased creatinine<br />
<br />
* Renal, pre renal and post renal azotaemia (see urea)<br />
* Acute myositis or muscle trauma (with normal renal function the creatinine should be rapidly cleared from the circulation)<br />
<br />
Complementary tests<br />
<br />
GFR, SDMA, urea, phosphorus and urine specific gravity, which is essential when trying to differentiate renal and pre-renal causes (see urea).<br />
<br />
Please visit [https://www.nwlabs.co.uk/ www.nwlabs.co.uk] or see our current price list for more information<br />
<br />
<br />
'''Equine'''<br />
<br />
Urea levels are influenced to a large extent by diet in horses making creatinine a more suitable guide to the GFR.<br />
<br />
Causes of increased creatinine<br />
<br />
* Renal, pre renal and post renal azotaemia (see urea)<br />
* Newborn foals in first 12 hours of life falling to adult levels by 1-4 weeks of age<br />
<br />
Complementary tests<br />
<br />
Urea, phosphorus, urine SG and urine clearance ratios.<br />
<br />
Please visit [https://www.nwlabs.co.uk/ www.nwlabs.co.uk] or see our current price list for more information <br />
<br />
References: [[NationWide Laboratories]] <br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
Text referenced 'Nationwide Laboratories': [[NationWide Laboratories]]<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
{{unfinished}}<br />
[[Category:To_Do_-_Blood]][[Category:Blood Biochemistry Changes]]</div>Charliecoleshttps://en.wikivet.net/index.php?title=Creatine_kinase&diff=207253Creatine kinase2022-03-16T12:25:29Z<p>Charliecoles: </p>
<hr />
<div>Creatine Kinase (CK) is considered to be derived predominantly from skeletal muscle and is useful in conjunction with nonspecific tests for hepatobiliary function (AST) to rule out coexistent skeletal muscle injury.<br />
<br />
==CK (Creatine Kinase) ==<br />
[[File:NationWide Logo.jpeg|right|link=https://www.nwlabs.co.uk/|alt=NationWide Logo|320x320px|frameless]]<br />
Formerly known as creatine phosphokinase (CPK). CK occurs in high levels in skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle and brain tissue although only skeletal and cardiac muscle isoenzymes are of major significance. CK is essential for the rapid conversion of ADP to ATP which releases energy for muscle contraction. If muscle tissue is disrupted, the enzyme is released into the blood stream and is readily detected. CK is a highly sensitive indicator of muscle damage but is poorly specific for any particular disease. Levels are frequently elevated when there is muscle damage secondary to other disease, for example collapsed/recumbent animals, seizure activity. CK increases are observed in anorexic cats.<br />
<br />
<br />
'''Small animals.''' Experience has shown that levels can rise slightly with muscular exertion alone but where pathological conditions exist the levels are usually very high. Only large increases (>10,000IU/l), or persistent increases (>2,000IU/l) should be regarded as significant. Increases associated with cardiomyopathies are smaller than with rhabdomyopathies. Generally, re-sampling in 2 to 3 days is recommended to exclude trauma as a cause of elevated levels.<br />
<br />
Causes of increased CK activity<br />
<br />
*Trauma (surgery, i/m injections, complicated venipuncture, recumbency, severe exertion and cramping in greyhounds)<br />
*Seizures<br />
*Hypothyroidism<br />
*Myositis (infectious, immune-mediated, nutritional)<br />
<br />
Complementary tests<br />
<br />
Usually determined along with AST to assess possible muscle damage. Thyroid function testing is indicated if hypothyroidism is suspected.<br />
<br />
Please visit [https://www.nwlabs.co.uk/ www.nwlabs.co.uk] or see our current price list for more information <br />
<br />
<br />
'''Equine'''<br />
<br />
Causes of increased CK activity<br />
<br />
*Muscle damage for example, exertional rhabdomyolysis n Trauma (i/m injections, surgery, severe exertion)<br />
* After endurance rides<br />
*Nutritional myodegeneration<br />
*Malignant hyperthermia<br />
<br />
Rare causes of increased CK activity <br />
<br />
*Myocardial infarction<br />
*Hypothyroidism<br />
* Post anaesthetic myopathy<br />
<br />
Following an episode of azoturia, CK peaks after 6-12 hours and declines rapidly over 2 days returning to baseline levels by 3-4 days. AST peaks at 24-48 hours and declines slowly over 7-10 days returning to baseline levels by 10-21 days.<br />
<br />
Complementary tests<br />
<br />
AST, LDH, LDH isoenzymes<br />
<br />
Please visit [https://www.nwlabs.co.uk/ www.nwlabs.co.uk] or see our current price list for more information <br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
References: [[NationWide Laboratories]]<br />
[[Category:Lizard and Snake Glossary]]</div>Charliecoleshttps://en.wikivet.net/index.php?title=Creatinine&diff=207252Creatinine2022-03-16T12:18:16Z<p>Charliecoles: </p>
<hr />
<div>{| cellpadding="10" cellspacing="0" border="1"<br />
| See also:<br />
| '''[[Creatinine in lizards]]'''<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==Description==<br />
Creatinine is formed as a degradation product of creatine kinase, an enzyme mainly found in skeletal muscle. Its rate of production is proportional to the muscle mass of the animal and very muscular animals and entire male animals often have higher serum concentrations than others. It is filtered passively into the glomerular filtrate and it is not reabsorbed so the urine creatinine concentration can be used to standardise the concentrations of other metabolites in urine, as in the calculation of the urine protein: creatinine ratio (UPC) or urine corticoid: creatinine ratio (UCCR) for [[Hyperadrenocorticism|hyperadrenocorticism]].<br />
<br />
==Clinical Significance==<br />
Elevations in serum creatinine concentration are most likely to occur with reductions in glomerular filtration rate (GFR) as occurs in renal failure. An elevated creatinine concentration with a raised [[Urea|urea]] concentration is termed [[Azotaemia|'''azotaemia''']] and this occurs almost exclusively with renal failure. In animals with chronic kidney disease, more creatinine may be excreted through the gastro-intestinal tract, reducing the apparent severity of the renal disease.<br />
<br />
Creatinine may also be elevated in animals that have undergone recent muscle catabolism or myopathies but the concentration of '''creatine kinase''' (CK) should also be elevated in these patients. <br />
<br />
The serum creatinine concentration may be reduced in animals with a '''reduced muscle mass'''.<br />
<br />
== Nationwide Laboratories Content ==<br />
[[File:NationWide Logo.jpeg|right|link=https://www.nwlabs.co.uk/|alt=NationWide Logo|320x320px|frameless]]<br />
Creatinine is produced at a steady rate due to muscle catabolism and is not reabsorbed by the kidney tubules after filtration. It’s measurement provides an indirect assessment of the glomerular filtration rate (GFR). The relationship between the GFR and creatinine excretion is not linear; with creatinine levels of less than 180μmol/l (in the dog) there may actually be up to three quarters of the nephrons lost, thereafter even small further losses may result in substantial increases in creatinine levels. Unlike urea it is not markedly affected by any aspect of liver function or diet therefore the test is more specific for renal dysfunction.<br />
<br />
Decreased levels of creatinine are infrequently encountered but may be associated with severe muscle wasting, and pregnancy (where increased cardiac output leads to increased GFR and creatinine clearance).<br />
<br />
'''Small animals'''<br />
<br />
Causes of increased creatinine<br />
<br />
* Renal, pre renal and post renal azotaemia (see urea)<br />
* Acute myositis or muscle trauma (with normal renal function the creatinine should be rapidly cleared from the circulation)<br />
<br />
Complementary tests<br />
<br />
GFR, SDMA, urea, phosphorus and urine specific gravity, which is essential when trying to differentiate renal and pre-renal causes (see urea).<br />
<br />
Please visit [https://www.nwlabs.co.uk/ www.nwlabs.co.uk] or see our current price list for more information<br />
<br />
<br />
'''Equine'''<br />
<br />
Urea levels are influenced to a large extent by diet in horses making creatinine a more suitable guide to the GFR.<br />
<br />
Causes of increased creatinine<br />
<br />
* Renal, pre renal and post renal azotaemia (see urea)<br />
* Newborn foals in first 12 hours of life falling to adult levels by 1-4 weeks of age<br />
<br />
Complementary tests<br />
<br />
Urea, phosphorus, urine SG and urine clearance ratios.<br />
<br />
Please visit [https://www.nwlabs.co.uk/ www.nwlabs.co.uk] or see our current price list for more information <br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
{{unfinished}}<br />
[[Category:To_Do_-_Blood]][[Category:Blood Biochemistry Changes]]</div>Charliecoleshttps://en.wikivet.net/index.php?title=Creatine_kinase&diff=207251Creatine kinase2022-03-16T12:12:52Z<p>Charliecoles: </p>
<hr />
<div>Creatine Kinase (CK) is considered to be derived predominantly from skeletal muscle and is useful in conjunction with nonspecific tests for hepatobiliary function (AST) to rule out coexistent skeletal muscle injury.<br />
<br />
==CK (Creatine Kinase) ==<br />
[[File:NationWide Logo.jpeg|right|link=https://www.nwlabs.co.uk/|alt=NationWide Logo|320x320px|frameless]]<br />
Formerly known as creatine phosphokinase (CPK). CK occurs in high levels in skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle and brain tissue although only skeletal and cardiac muscle isoenzymes are of major significance. CK is essential for the rapid conversion of ADP to ATP which releases energy for muscle contraction. If muscle tissue is disrupted, the enzyme is released into the blood stream and is readily detected. CK is a highly sensitive indicator of muscle damage but is poorly specific for any particular disease. Levels are frequently elevated when there is muscle damage secondary to other disease, for example collapsed/recumbent animals, seizure activity. CK increases are observed in anorexic cats.<br />
<br />
<br />
'''Small animals.''' Experience has shown that levels can rise slightly with muscular exertion alone but where pathological conditions exist the levels are usually very high. Only large increases (>10,000IU/l), or persistent increases (>2,000IU/l) should be regarded as significant. Increases associated with cardiomyopathies are smaller than with rhabdomyopathies. Generally, re-sampling in 2 to 3 days is recommended to exclude trauma as a cause of elevated levels.<br />
<br />
Causes of increased CK activity<br />
<br />
*Trauma (surgery, i/m injections, complicated venipuncture, recumbency, severe exertion and cramping in greyhounds)<br />
*Seizures<br />
*Hypothyroidism<br />
*Myositis (infectious, immune-mediated, nutritional)<br />
<br />
Complementary tests<br />
<br />
Usually determined along with AST to assess possible muscle damage. Thyroid function testing is indicated if hypothyroidism is suspected.<br />
<br />
Please visit [https://www.nwlabs.co.uk/ www.nwlabs.co.uk] or see our current price list for more information <br />
<br />
<br />
'''Equine'''<br />
<br />
Causes of increased CK activity<br />
<br />
*Muscle damage for example, exertional rhabdomyolysis n Trauma (i/m injections, surgery, severe exertion)<br />
* After endurance rides<br />
*Nutritional myodegeneration<br />
*Malignant hyperthermia<br />
<br />
Rare causes of increased CK activity <br />
<br />
*Myocardial infarction<br />
*Hypothyroidism<br />
* Post anaesthetic myopathy<br />
<br />
Following an episode of azoturia, CK peaks after 6-12 hours and declines rapidly over 2 days returning to baseline levels by 3-4 days. AST peaks at 24-48 hours and declines slowly over 7-10 days returning to baseline levels by 10-21 days.<br />
<br />
Complementary tests<br />
<br />
AST, LDH, LDH isoenzymes<br />
<br />
Please visit [https://www.nwlabs.co.uk/ www.nwlabs.co.uk] or see our current price list for more information <br />
<br />
[[Category:Lizard and Snake Glossary]]</div>Charliecoleshttps://en.wikivet.net/index.php?title=Creatine_kinase&diff=207250Creatine kinase2022-03-16T12:10:02Z<p>Charliecoles: </p>
<hr />
<div>Creatine Kinase (CK) is considered to be derived predominantly from skeletal muscle and is useful in conjunction with nonspecific tests for hepatobiliary function (AST) to rule out coexistent skeletal muscle injury.<br />
<br />
==CK (Creatine Kinase) ==<br />
[[File:NationWide Logo.jpeg|thumb|[https://www.nwlabs.co.uk/]]]<br />
Formerly known as creatine phosphokinase (CPK). CK occurs in high levels in skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle and brain tissue although only skeletal and cardiac muscle isoenzymes are of major significance. CK is essential for the rapid conversion of ADP to ATP which releases energy for muscle contraction. If muscle tissue is disrupted, the enzyme is released into the blood stream and is readily detected. CK is a highly sensitive indicator of muscle damage but is poorly specific for any particular disease. Levels are frequently elevated when there is muscle damage secondary to other disease, for example collapsed/recumbent animals, seizure activity. CK increases are observed in anorexic cats.<br />
<br />
<br />
'''Small animals.''' Experience has shown that levels can rise slightly with muscular exertion alone but where pathological conditions exist the levels are usually very high. Only large increases (>10,000IU/l), or persistent increases (>2,000IU/l) should be regarded as significant. Increases associated with cardiomyopathies are smaller than with rhabdomyopathies. Generally, re-sampling in 2 to 3 days is recommended to exclude trauma as a cause of elevated levels.<br />
<br />
Causes of increased CK activity<br />
<br />
*Trauma (surgery, i/m injections, complicated venipuncture, recumbency, severe exertion and cramping in greyhounds)<br />
*Seizures<br />
*Hypothyroidism<br />
*Myositis (infectious, immune-mediated, nutritional)<br />
<br />
Complementary tests<br />
<br />
Usually determined along with AST to assess possible muscle damage. Thyroid function testing is indicated if hypothyroidism is suspected.<br />
<br />
Please visit [https://www.nwlabs.co.uk/ www.nwlabs.co.uk] or see our current price list for more information <br />
<br />
<br />
'''Equine'''<br />
<br />
Causes of increased CK activity<br />
<br />
*Muscle damage for example, exertional rhabdomyolysis n Trauma (i/m injections, surgery, severe exertion)<br />
* After endurance rides<br />
*Nutritional myodegeneration<br />
*Malignant hyperthermia<br />
<br />
Rare causes of increased CK activity <br />
<br />
*Myocardial infarction<br />
*Hypothyroidism<br />
* Post anaesthetic myopathy<br />
<br />
Following an episode of azoturia, CK peaks after 6-12 hours and declines rapidly over 2 days returning to baseline levels by 3-4 days. AST peaks at 24-48 hours and declines slowly over 7-10 days returning to baseline levels by 10-21 days.<br />
<br />
Complementary tests<br />
<br />
AST, LDH, LDH isoenzymes<br />
<br />
Please visit [https://www.nwlabs.co.uk/ www.nwlabs.co.uk] or see our current price list for more information <br />
<br />
[[Category:Lizard and Snake Glossary]]</div>Charliecoleshttps://en.wikivet.net/index.php?title=Creatine_kinase&diff=207249Creatine kinase2022-03-16T12:08:15Z<p>Charliecoles: </p>
<hr />
<div>Creatine Kinase (CK) is considered to be derived predominantly from skeletal muscle and is useful in conjunction with nonspecific tests for hepatobiliary function (AST) to rule out coexistent skeletal muscle injury.<br />
<br />
== CK (Creatine Kinase) ==<br />
Formerly known as creatine phosphokinase (CPK). CK occurs in high levels in skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle and brain tissue although only skeletal and cardiac muscle isoenzymes are of major significance. CK is essential for the rapid conversion of ADP to ATP which releases energy for muscle contraction. If muscle tissue is disrupted, the enzyme is released into the blood stream and is readily detected. CK is a highly sensitive indicator of muscle damage but is poorly specific for any particular disease. Levels are frequently elevated when there is muscle damage secondary to other disease, for example collapsed/recumbent animals, seizure activity. CK increases are observed in anorexic cats.<br />
<br />
<br />
'''Small animals.''' Experience has shown that levels can rise slightly with muscular exertion alone but where pathological conditions exist the levels are usually very high. Only large increases (>10,000IU/l), or persistent increases (>2,000IU/l) should be regarded as significant. Increases associated with cardiomyopathies are smaller than with rhabdomyopathies. Generally, re-sampling in 2 to 3 days is recommended to exclude trauma as a cause of elevated levels.<br />
<br />
Causes of increased CK activity<br />
<br />
* Trauma (surgery, i/m injections, complicated venipuncture, recumbency, severe exertion and cramping in greyhounds) <br />
* Seizures<br />
* Hypothyroidism<br />
* Myositis (infectious, immune-mediated, nutritional)<br />
<br />
Complementary tests<br />
<br />
Usually determined along with AST to assess possible muscle damage. Thyroid function testing is indicated if hypothyroidism is suspected.<br />
<br />
Please visit [https://www.nwlabs.co.uk/ www.nwlabs.co.uk] or see our current price list for more information <br />
<br />
<br />
'''Equine'''<br />
<br />
Causes of increased CK activity<br />
<br />
* Muscle damage for example, exertional rhabdomyolysis n Trauma (i/m injections, surgery, severe exertion)<br />
* After endurance rides<br />
* Nutritional myodegeneration<br />
* Malignant hyperthermia<br />
<br />
Rare causes of increased CK activity <br />
<br />
* Myocardial infarction<br />
* Hypothyroidism<br />
* Post anaesthetic myopathy<br />
<br />
Following an episode of azoturia, CK peaks after 6-12 hours and declines rapidly over 2 days returning to baseline levels by 3-4 days. AST peaks at 24-48 hours and declines slowly over 7-10 days returning to baseline levels by 10-21 days.<br />
<br />
Complementary tests<br />
<br />
AST, LDH, LDH isoenzymes<br />
<br />
Please visit [https://www.nwlabs.co.uk/ www.nwlabs.co.uk] or see our current price list for more information <br />
<br />
[[Category:Lizard_and_Snake_Glossary]]</div>Charliecoleshttps://en.wikivet.net/index.php?title=Investigation_of_Anaemia&diff=207202Investigation of Anaemia2022-03-14T11:39:11Z<p>Charliecoles: </p>
<hr />
<div>[[File:NationWide Logo.jpeg|right|link=https://www.nwlabs.co.uk/|alt=NationWide Logo|320x320px|frameless]]Anaemia is a reduction in red cell mass and oxygen carrying capacity. It has many different causes, which can be divided into three basic groups:<br />
<br />
* Blood loss – haemorrhagic anaemia<br />
* Increased RBC destruction – haemolytic anaemia<br />
* Reduced RBC production – hypoproliferative (if complete, aplastic) anaemia due to:<br />
** Primary bone marrow disease<br />
** Secondary to other systemic diseases<br />
<br />
All three types can give rise to chronic anaemia but only haemorrhagic or haemolytic anaemia can be acute. This is because of the long life span of erythrocytes (110 days in the dog, 70 days in the cat). Even if there were a sudden complete arrest in RBC production, a discernible fall in RBC mass would take several days to develop; hypoproliferative anaemias are always chronic.<br />
== Clinical signs of anaemia ==<br />
'''Nonspecific clinical signs:'''<br />
<br />
* Pale mucous membranes<br />
* Weakness and poor exercise tolerance<br />
<br />
'''Signs associated with physiological compensation:'''<br />
<br />
* Rapid heartbeat and respiratory rate – if severe anaemia, even at rest<br />
* Haemic murmur – a soft mid-systolic murmur in the aortic region<br />
<br />
These signs are not seen with mild anaemia but become more pronounced as the severity increases.<br />
<br />
All the signs except a haemic murmur could occur with severe shock. (Haemorrhagic shock occurs when 1⁄3 total blood volume is lost over a short period of time or 1⁄2 of the total blood volume is lost over 24 hours). In shock, capillary refill time is prolonged (>2s).<br />
<br />
Mucous membranes can appear pale in many non-anaemic cats. <br />
<br />
With anaemia of comparable severity the signs are more pronounced:<br />
<br />
* In the dog than the cat<br />
* If rapid onset - clinical signs are more pronounced with acute than chronic anaemia<br />
* In older animals due to reduced ability to compensate compared with younger animals<br />
* In haemolytic compared to haemorrhagic anaemia<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|+Table showing the PCV at which marked clinical signs of anaemia appear <br />
!<br />
!Canine <br />
!Feline <br />
|-<br />
|Acute anaemia <br />
|PCV <20% <br />
|PCV<12-15% <br />
|-<br />
|Chronic anaemia <br />
|PCV<12-15% <br />
|PCV<8-10% <br />
|}<br />
'''Specific clinical signs:'''<br />
<br />
* Jaundice - associated with acute haemolytic anaemia or following severe haemorrhage into a body cavity<br />
* Petechial haemorrhages - thrombocytopaenia, von Willebrand disease (see section on coagulopathies)<br />
* Pyrexia - often accompanies immune-mediated disease<br />
* Hepatic and/or splenic enlargement - may occur with immune-mediated destruction of erythrocytes or platelets, extramedullary haematopoiesis (rarely causes hepatomegaly), lymphoma/leukaemia<br />
* Abdominal pain/enlargement - may occur with intra-abdominal haemorrhage, for example canine splenic haemangiosarcoma or nodular hyperplasia, and hepatic rupture due to feline amyloidosis<br />
* Lymphadenopathy - Lymphoma or possibly leukaemia (myeloid neoplasms can often involve lymph nodes) <br />
<br />
== An approach to diagnosis and investigation of anaemia ==<br />
This approach assumes all anaemias are either regenerative or nonregenerative. In reality things are not as clear cut with anaemias often appearing to be (sometimes transiently) poorly regenerative. <br />
<br />
'''How severe is the anaemia?'''<br />
<br />
Very severe anaemia is life threatening and may warrant a blood transfusion.<br />
<br />
* Is this a mild, moderate or severe anaemia? This is usually determined by the PCV. <br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|+Correlation of PCV with grade of anaemia <br />
!<br />
!Canine <br />
!Feline <br />
|-<br />
|Mild<br />
|30-37% <br />
|20-26% <br />
|-<br />
|Moderate<br />
|20-29% <br />
|14-19% <br />
|-<br />
|Severe<br />
|13-19% <br />
|10-13% <br />
|-<br />
|Very severe<br />
|<13% <br />
|<10% <br />
|}<br />
'''Is there a statistical chance this is normal?''' <br />
<br />
In any healthy population, for any analyte, there will be occasional individuals whose values for that analyte fall just outside the reference interval. In young puppies the lowest PCV is documented between 4-6 weeks of age (24-34%), gradually increasing to the adult range by 3-6 months.<br />
<br />
* Mild anaemia may be secondary to coexisting disease and may not be the most relevant clinical sign to investigate. Proceed to section diagnosis of nonregenerative anaemia<br />
* Moderate-severe anaemia. Proceed to section determine bone marrow response<br />
<br />
'''Is the anaemia regenerative? Determine the bone marrow response.'''<br />
<br />
This is an important question for all anaemias, but particularly for anaemias of moderate or greater severity<br />
<br />
* No erythroid response is expected in the first 1-3 days (preregenerative phase)<br />
* Polychromasia and reticulocytosis peak at 4-5 days. In the dog, if there is polychromasia, a reticulocyte count is usually unnecessary because the degree of polychromasia reflects the degree of regeneration (reticulocytosis). In the cat, the degree of polychromasia reflects the aggregate reticulocyte count<br />
<br />
A reticulocyte count is useful to quantify the erythroid response in non- and poorly regenerative anaemias. <br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|+<br />
!Erythroid response <br />
!Canine <br />
<br />
Reticulocytes x109/l. <br />
!Feline<br />
<br />
Aggregate reticulocytes x109/l. <br />
|-<br />
|None <br />
|60 (1%) <br />
|<15 (0.5%) <br />
|-<br />
|Mild <br />
|150 (4%) <br />
|50 (2%) <br />
|-<br />
|Moderate <br />
|300 (10%) <br />
|100 (4%) <br />
|-<br />
|Marked <br />
|>500 (25%) <br />
|>200 (>5%) <br />
|}<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
'''Late-stage response at 7-14 days.''' In cats, marked punctate reticulocytosis. In dogs, macrocytic hypochromic erythrocytes.<br />
<br />
'''Red cell indices can be used to classify the anaemia.''' This is the traditional morphological classification of anaemia using the MCV and MCHC. Note these are mean values of all RBCs and are not as sensitive as some automated analysers which can identify small populations of abnormal cells.<br />
<br />
'''Normocytic normochromic anaemia'''. Nonregenerative with too few reticulocytes or other immature cells to increase the MCV. This category includes preregenerative anaemia following acute haemolysis or haemorrhage.<br />
<br />
'''Macrocytic hypochromic'''. This is a regenerative anaemia with increased reticulocytes, which are hypochromic because haemoglobin synthesis is incomplete.<br />
<br />
'''Microcytic hypochromic'''. Usually indicative of iron deficiency anaemia preventing adequate haemoglobin synthesis. Microcytosis and altered iron metabolism is also seen in dogs with portosystemic shunts and certain other hepatopathies.<br />
<br />
'''Macrocytic normochromic.''' This is an uncommon category, usually seen in cats as a nonregenerative anaemia associated with FeLV infection or myelodysplasia. Rarely macrocytic normochromic anaemia can indicate vitamin B12 deficiency, for example malabsorption. Macrocytic anaemia has also been associated with folate antagonists such as phenytoin.<br />
<br />
<br />
'''Diagnosis of regenerative anaemia'''<br />
<br />
'''Examine the blood smear.''' This is very important for diagnosis of haemolytic anaemia. Look for autoagglutination, spherocytes, Heinz bodies, polychromasia, schistocytes etc (see above). <br />
<br />
'''Urinalysis'''. Haemoglobinuria is consistent with intravascular haemolysis.<br />
<br />
'''Internal haemorrhage.''' Is or usually becomes strongly regenerative and may resemble haemolytic anaemia (spherocytes are not always seen with IMHA). Check for any evidence of internal haemorrhage with centesis and cytology.<br />
<br />
'''External blood loss.''' History including possible access to rodenticide. Look for biochemical evidence of hypoproteinaemia and/or hypoalbuminaemia? Check for thrombocytopaenia or other bleeding tendencies (buccal mucosal bleeding time, OSPT, APTT). If the anaemia is microcytic, or faeces are dark, consider GI blood loss. Testing faeces for occult blood may clarify.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
'''Diagnosis of nonregenerative anaemia'''<br />
<br />
This is more complex, there are many potential causes so the diagnostic approach must be tailored to the available evidence.<br />
<br />
'''Complete blood count'''<br />
<br />
* Inflammatory leucogram – anaemia of inflammatory disease, the most common cause of mild anaemia<br />
* Leukaemia, myelodysplasia<br />
* Thrombocytopaenia<br />
* Pancytopaenia or bicytopaenia. Proceed to bone marrow examination<br />
<br />
'''Clinical chemistry profile'''<br />
<br />
* Anaemia secondary to renal disease (usually chronic renal disease) or hepatic disease <br />
* Chronic systemic disease may cause anaemia <br />
<br />
'''Microcytic hypochromic RBCs'''<br />
<br />
* This pattern suggests iron deficiency; the anaemia is often regenerative<br />
* Evaluate total body iron (serum iron alone may be misleading). Reticulocyte haemoglobin concentration may be helpful<br />
* Most common causes include chronic haemorrhage associated with the urinary tract or gastrointestinal tract with anaemia. Urinalysis and faecal occult blood may be useful. In the gastrointestinal tract consider ulceration and/or neoplasia<br />
* Microcytic hypochromic cells may occur with metabolic disease and hepatic disease affecting iron metabolism, with or without concurrent anaemia<br />
<br />
'''Macrocytic normochromic feline RBCs'''<br />
<br />
* With no reticulocytosis, suggests FeLV induced myelodysplasia (see previous page) <br />
<br />
'''Bone marrow examination'''<br />
<br />
* Many indications including persistent nonregenerative severe anaemia, bi or pancytopaenia. Useful to diagnose myelofibrosis, myelophthisic disease, aplastic pancytopaenia, dyserythropoiesis, leukaemia, maturation arrest<br />
* If investigating bone marrow hypoplasia take aspirates and a core biopsy to differentiate between a poor sample and bone marrow hypocellularity<br />
<br />
'''Endocrinology'''<br />
<br />
* Hypothyroidism or other endocrine dysfunction. Choice of test affected by the presence of other clinical signs<br />
<br />
'''Toxicity'''<br />
<br />
* Check for access to oestrogens or testicular neoplasia with feminisation<br />
* Possibly withhold drug therapy, for example occasional blood dyscrasias are associated with certain licensed feline anti-thyroid therapies and anti-epileptic drugs<br />
* Check for chemicals in the environment such as lead from stripping/sanding lead paint when renovating old houses<br />
* Not all toxicities lead to nonregenerative anaemia, onion poisoning and paracetamol toxicity in cats can result in an acute haemolytic crisis<br />
<br />
'''Virology, serology and PCR'''<br />
<br />
* May be useful if suspect underlying chronic infection. Choice of test determined by clinical signs<br />
<br />
[[Category:Anaemia|1]]</div>Charliecoleshttps://en.wikivet.net/index.php?title=Investigation_of_Anaemia&diff=207201Investigation of Anaemia2022-03-14T11:32:32Z<p>Charliecoles: </p>
<hr />
<div>Anaemia is a reduction in red cell mass and oxygen carrying capacity. It has many different causes, which can be divided into three basic groups:<br />
<br />
* Blood loss – haemorrhagic anaemia<br />
* Increased RBC destruction – haemolytic anaemia<br />
* Reduced RBC production – hypoproliferative (if complete, aplastic) anaemia due to:<br />
** Primary bone marrow disease<br />
** Secondary to other systemic diseases<br />
<br />
All three types can give rise to chronic anaemia but only haemorrhagic or haemolytic anaemia can be acute. This is because of the long life span of erythrocytes (110 days in the dog, 70 days in<br />
<br />
the cat). Even if there were a sudden complete arrest in RBC production, a discernible fall in RBC mass would take several days to develop; hypoproliferative anaemias are always chronic.[[File:NationWide Logo.jpeg|right|link=https://www.nwlabs.co.uk/|alt=NationWide Logo|240x240px|In Partnership with NationWide Laboratories|frameless|thumb|]]<br />
<br />
== Clinical signs of anaemia ==<br />
'''Nonspecific clinical signs:'''<br />
<br />
* Pale mucous membranes<br />
* Weakness and poor exercise tolerance<br />
<br />
'''Signs associated with physiological compensation:'''<br />
<br />
* Rapid heartbeat and respiratory rate – if severe anaemia, even at rest<br />
* Haemic murmur – a soft mid-systolic murmur in the aortic region<br />
<br />
These signs are not seen with mild anaemia but become more pronounced as the severity increases.<br />
<br />
<br />
All the signs except a haemic murmur could occur with severe shock. (Haemorrhagic shock occurs when 1⁄3 total blood volume is lost over a short period of time or 1⁄2 of the total blood volume is lost over 24 hours). In shock, capillary refill time is prolonged (>2s).<br />
<br />
Mucous membranes can appear pale in many non-anaemic cats. With anaemia of comparable severity the signs are more pronounced:<br />
<br />
* In the dog than the cat<br />
* If rapid onset - clinical signs are more pronounced with acute than chronic anaemia<br />
* In older animals due to reduced ability to compensate compared with younger animals n In haemolytic compared to haemorrhagic anaemia<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|+Table showing the PCV at which marked clinical signs of anaemia appear <br />
!<br />
!Canine <br />
!Feline <br />
|-<br />
|Acute anaemia <br />
|PCV <20% <br />
|PCV<12-15% <br />
|-<br />
|Chronic anaemia <br />
|PCV<12-15% <br />
|PCV<8-10% <br />
|}<br />
'''Specific clinical signs:'''<br />
<br />
* Jaundice - associated with acute haemolytic anaemia or following severe haemorrhage into a body cavity<br />
* Petechial haemorrhages - thrombocytopaenia, von Willebrand disease (see section on coagulopathies<br />
* Pyrexia - often accompanies immune-mediated disease<br />
* Hepatic and/or splenic enlargement - may occur with immune-mediated destruction of erythrocytes or platelets, extramedullary haematopoiesis (rarely causes hepatomegaly), lymphoma/leukaemia<br />
* Abdominal pain/enlargement - may occur with intra-abdominal haemorrhage, for example canine splenic haemangiosarcoma or nodular hyperplasia, and hepatic rupture due to feline amyloidosis<br />
* Lymphadenopathy - Lymphoma or possibly leukaemia (myeloid neoplasms can often involve lymph nodes) <br />
<br />
== An approach to diagnosis and investigation of anaemia ==<br />
This approach assumes all anaemias are either regenerative or nonregenerative. In reality things are not as clear cut with anaemias often appearing to be (sometimes transiently) poorly regenerative. <br />
<br />
'''How severe is the anaemia?'''<br />
<br />
Very severe anaemia is life threatening and may warrant a blood transfusion.<br />
<br />
* Is this a mild, moderate or severe anaemia? This is usually determined by the PCV. <br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|+Correlation of PCV with grade of anaemia <br />
!<br />
!Canine <br />
!Feline <br />
|-<br />
|Mild<br />
|30-37% <br />
|20-26% <br />
|-<br />
|Moderate<br />
|20-29% <br />
|14-19% <br />
|-<br />
|Severe<br />
|13-19% <br />
|10-13% <br />
|-<br />
|Very severe<br />
|<13% <br />
|<10% <br />
|}<br />
'''Is there a statistical chance this is normal?''' <br />
<br />
In any healthy population, for any analyte, there will be occasional individuals whose values for that analyte fall just outside the reference interval. In young puppies the lowest PCV is documented between 4-6 weeks of age (24-34%), gradually increasing to the adult range by 3-6 months.<br />
<br />
* Mild anaemia may be secondary to coexisting disease and may not be the most relevant clinical sign to investigate. Proceed to section diagnosis of nonregenerative anaemia<br />
* Moderate-severe anaemia. Proceed to section determine bone marrow response<br />
<br />
'''Is the anaemia regenerative? Determine the bone marrow response.'''<br />
<br />
This is an important question for all anaemias, but particularly for anaemias of moderate or greater severity<br />
<br />
* No erythroid response is expected in the first 1-3 days (preregenerative phase)<br />
* Polychromasia and reticulocytosis peak at 4-5 days. In the dog, if there is polychromasia, a reticulocyte count is usually unnecessary because the degree of polychromasia reflects the degree of regeneration (reticulocytosis). In the cat,the degree of polychromasia reflects the aggregate reticulocyte count<br />
<br />
A reticulocyte count is useful to quantify the erythroid response in non- and poorly regenerative anaemias. <br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|+<br />
!Erythroid response <br />
!Canine <br />
<br />
Reticulocytes x109/l. <br />
!Feline<br />
<br />
Aggregate reticulocytes x109/l. <br />
|-<br />
|None <br />
|60 (1%) <br />
|<15 (0.5%) <br />
|-<br />
|Mild <br />
|150 (4%) <br />
|50 (2%) <br />
|-<br />
|Moderate <br />
|300 (10%) <br />
|100 (4%) <br />
|-<br />
|Marked <br />
|>500 (25%) <br />
|>200 (>5%) <br />
|}<br />
<br />
<br />
'''Late-stage response at 7-14 days.''' In cats, marked punctate reticulocytosis. In dogs, macrocytic hypochromic erythrocytes.<br />
<br />
'''Red cell indices can be used to classify the anaemia.''' This is the traditional morphological classification of anaemia using the MCV and MCHC. Note these are mean values of all RBCs and are not as sensitive as some automated analysers which can identify small populations of abnormal cells.<br />
<br />
'''Normocytic normochromic anaemia'''. Nonregenerative with too few reticulocytes or other immature cells to increase the MCV. This category includes preregenerative anaemia following acute haemolysis or haemorrhage.<br />
<br />
'''Macrocytic hypochromic'''. This is a regenerative anaemia with increased reticulocytes, which are hypochromic because haemoglobin synthesis is incomplete.<br />
<br />
'''Microcytic hypochromic'''. Usually indicative of iron deficiency anaemia preventing adequate haemoglobin synthesis. Microcytosis and altered iron metabolism is also seen in dogs with portosystemic shunts and certain other hepatopathies.<br />
<br />
'''Macrocytic normochromic.''' This is an uncommon category, usually seen in cats as a nonregenerative anaemia associated with FeLV infection or myelodysplasia. Rarely macrocytic normochromic anaemia can indicate vitamin B12 deficiency, for example malabsorption. Macrocytic anaemia has also been associated with folate antagonists such as phenytoin.<br />
<br />
'''Diagnosis of regenerative anaemia'''<br />
<br />
'''Examine the blood smear.''' This is very important for diagnosis of haemolytic anaemia. Look for autoagglutination, spherocytes, Heinz bodies, polychromasia, schistocytes etc (see above). <br />
<br />
'''Urinalysis'''. Haemoglobinuria is consistent with intravascular haemolysis.<br />
<br />
'''Internal haemorrhage.''' Is or usually becomes strongly regenerative and may resemble haemolytic anaemia (spherocytes are not always seen with IMHA). Check for any evidence of internal haemorrhage with centesis and cytology.<br />
<br />
'''External blood loss.''' History including possible access to rodenticide. Look for biochemical evidence of hypoproteinaemia and/or hypoalbuminaemia? Check for thrombocytopaenia or other bleeding tendencies (buccal mucosal bleeding time, OSPT, APTT). If the anaemia is microcytic, or faeces are dark, consider GI blood loss. Testing faeces for occult blood may clarify.<br />
<br />
<br />
'''Diagnosis of nonregenerative anaemia'''<br />
<br />
This is more complex, there are many potential causes so the diagnostic approach must be tailored to the available evidence.<br />
<br />
'''Complete blood count'''<br />
<br />
* Inflammatory leucogram – anaemia of inflammatory disease, the most common cause of mild anaemia<br />
* Leukaemia, myelodysplasia<br />
* Thrombocytopaenia<br />
* Pancytopaenia or bicytopaenia. Proceed to bone marrow examination<br />
<br />
Clinical chemistry profile<br />
<br />
* Anaemia secondary to renal disease (usually chronic renal disease) or hepatic disease <br />
* Chronic systemic disease may cause anaemia <br />
<br />
<br />
'''Microcytic hypochromic RBCs'''<br />
<br />
* This pattern suggests iron deficiency; the anaemia is often regenerative<br />
* Evaluate total body iron (serum iron alone may be misleading). Reticulocyte haemoglobin concentration may be helpful<br />
* Most common causes include chronic haemorrhage associated with the urinary tract or gastrointestinal tract with anaemia. Urinalysis and faecal occult blood may be useful. In the gastrointestinal tract consider ulceration and/or neoplasia<br />
* Microcytic hypochromic cells may occur with metabolic disease and hepatic disease affecting iron metabolism, with or without concurrent anaemia<br />
<br />
'''Macrocytic normochromic feline RBCs'''<br />
<br />
* With no reticulocytosis, suggests FeLV induced myelodysplasia (see previous page) <br />
<br />
'''Bone marrow examination'''<br />
<br />
* Many indications including persistent nonregenerative severe anaemia, bi or pancytopaenia. Useful to diagnose myelofibrosis, myelophthisic disease, aplastic pancytopaenia, dyserythropoiesis, leukaemia, maturation arrest<br />
* If investigating bone marrow hypoplasia take aspirates and a core biopsy to differentiate between a poor sample and bone marrow hypocellularity<br />
<br />
'''Endocrinology'''<br />
<br />
* Hypothyroidism or other endocrine dysfunction. Choice of test affected by the presence of other clinical signs<br />
<br />
'''Toxicity'''<br />
<br />
* Check for access to oestrogens or testicular neoplasia with feminisation<br />
* Possibly withhold drug therapy, for example occasional blood dyscrasias are associated with certain licensed feline anti-thyroid therapies and anti-epileptic drugs<br />
* Check for chemicals in the environment such as lead from stripping/sanding lead paint when renovating old houses<br />
* Not all toxicities lead to nonregenerative anaemia, onion poisoning and paracetamol toxicity in cats can result in an acute haemolytic crisis<br />
<br />
'''Virology, serology and PCR'''<br />
<br />
* May be useful if suspect underlying chronic infection. Choice of test determined by clinical signs<br />
<br />
[[Category:Anaemia|1]]</div>Charliecoleshttps://en.wikivet.net/index.php?title=Veterinary_Education_Online&diff=207170Veterinary Education Online2022-03-08T16:25:30Z<p>Charliecoles: </p>
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Acute diarrhoea is a common complaint seen in first-opinion small animal veterinary practice. Even though it is often self-limiting and likely to resolve with symptomatic treatment alone, antibiotics are frequently prescribed as part of the therapeutic management plan. Faecal analysis can be a useful diagnostic tool to guide our treatment choices, however it may be difficult to distinguish the significance of these results. In this webinar, we cover these interesting topics in more detail to help answer some common uncertainties surrounding the use of antibiotics in cases of acute diarrhoea. <br />
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Acute diarrhoea is a common complaint seen in first-opinion small animal veterinary practice. Even though it is often self-limiting and likely to resolve with symptomatic treatment alone, antibiotics are frequently prescribed as part of the therapeutic management plan. Faecal analysis can be a useful diagnostic tool to guide our treatment choices, however it may be difficult to distinguish the significance of these results. In this webinar, we cover these interesting topics in more detail to help answer some common uncertainties surrounding the use of antibiotics in cases of acute diarrhoea. <br />
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🔗 Watch the webinar [[Acute Diarrhoea In Dogs And Cats|here.]]<br />
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[[Acute Diarrhoea In Dogs And Cats|Watch Now]]! We have a new webinar on WikiVet by Protexin Veterinary 💻 🚨 <br />
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Acute diarrhoea is a common complaint seen in first-opinion small animal veterinary practice. Even though it is often self-limiting and likely to resolve with symptomatic treatment alone, antibiotics are frequently prescribed as part of the therapeutic management plan. Faecal analysis can be a useful diagnostic tool to guide our treatment choices, however it may be difficult to distinguish the significance of these results. In this webinar, we cover these interesting topics in more detail to help answer some common uncertainties surrounding the use of antibiotics in cases of acute diarrhoea. <br />
<br />
🔗 Watch the webinar [[Acute Diarrhoea In Dogs And Cats|here.]]<br />
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<br />
In this video, Sarah Heath talks about behavioural first aid for the confrontational dog. Sarah Heath BVSc PgCertVE DipECAWBM(BM) CCAB FRCVS is both an RCVS and an EBVS ® European Veterinary Specialist in Behavioural Medicine as well as a Certified Clinical Animal Behaviourist. She was made a Fellow of the Royal College of Veterinary Surgeons in recognition of her work in establishing behavioural medicine as a veterinary discipline. In this video, Sarah explains how to advise clients to manage cases until referral is possible. <br />
{{#ev:youtube|QGQAwXNtkY0}}<br />
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*I think this animal has been a victim of cruelty, what next?<br />
*Religious objections and futile treatments: a primer for handling euthanasia disputes<br />
<br />
[https://www.thewebinarvet.com/pages/student-year1-bundle-2/ View all »]<br />
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*Interpreting Endocrinology Lab results<br />
*Adrenal testing dogs and cats: which test for what case?<br />
*A case-based approach to endocrine treatment<br />
<br />
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*Tips and Tricks for getting the most from Cytology in practice<br />
*Rabbit clinical pathology<br />
*A review on equine parasitology<br />
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*Farm animal analgesia<br />
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====Student Vet Year 5====<br />
<br />
*Small animal surgery - abdominal emergencies<br />
*Large animal surgery basics<br />
*Sutures and knot tying. What to use, when and how<br />
<br />
[https://www.thewebinarvet.com/pages/student-year5-bundle/ View all »]<br />
<br />
==Social Media ==<br />
{| style="float:right; margin-left: 10px;" ><br />
|[[File:Facebook logo new.png|link=https://www.facebook.com/pages/WikiVet/188576847835536?v=wall|alt=WikiVet Facebook|30x30px|frameless]]<br />
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Want to keep up with everything WikiVet? Follow us on all our social media here: '''[https://www.instagram.com/wikivet Instagram], [https://www.facebook.com/WikiVet Facebook], [https://twitter.com/wikivet Twitter], [https://www.linkedin.com/company/wikivet LinkedIn]'''<br />
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If you have any comments or suggestions, please email the [mailto:info@wikivet.net WikiVet team]<br />
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[[File:IIE_Award.png|link=https://www.iie.uk.com/green-directory/the-webinar-vet/|alt=Investors in the Environment award for The Webinar Vet - Silver 2021|frameless|120x120px]]</div><br />
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[[es:Página Principal]]<br />
[[fr:Accueil]]</div>Charliecoleshttps://en.wikivet.net/index.php?title=Veterinary_Education_Online&diff=207167Veterinary Education Online2022-03-08T16:22:24Z<p>Charliecoles: /* New Webinar From Protexin Veterinary */</p>
<hr />
<div>__NOTOC__<br />
<templatestyles src="Main Page/styles.css" /><br />
<div id="mp-topbanner" class="mp-bordered"><br />
<div id="mp-welcomecount"><br />
<div id="mp-welcome">Welcome to [[Main Page|WikiVet]],</div><br />
<div id="mp-free">Free [[WikiVet Introduction|veterinary encyclopedia]]. [[Frequently_Asked_Questions#How_do_I_edit_content|Submissions welcome]]<br>and are reviewed by renowned veterinary professionals.</div><br />
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<!---------------------------News--------------------><br />
<div class="MainPageBG" style="border:1px solid #5B9DA7; background:#f5faff; color:#000; padding:0 14px 8px; margin-top:7px;"><br />
==New Webinar From Protexin Veterinary==<br />
[[File:Protexin Webinar.png|left|thumb]]<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Acute Diarrhoea In Dogs And Cats|Watch Now]]! We have a new webinar on WikiVet by Protexin Veterinary 💻 🚨 <br />
<br />
Acute diarrhoea is a common complaint seen in first-opinion small animal veterinary practice. Even though it is often self-limiting and likely to resolve with symptomatic treatment alone, antibiotics are frequently prescribed as part of the therapeutic management plan. Faecal analysis can be a useful diagnostic tool to guide our treatment choices, however it may be difficult to distinguish the significance of these results. In this webinar, we cover these interesting topics in more detail to help answer some common uncertainties surrounding the use of antibiotics in cases of acute diarrhoea. <br />
<br />
🔗 Watch the webinar [[Acute Diarrhoea In Dogs And Cats|here.]]<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
[[File:WikiVet Career Zone.png|left|thumb]]<br />
==Visit Our Career Zone==<br />
[https://simplyvets.com/career-zone '''Click here'''] to view all sorts of content to help you reach your dream veterinary career. Read articles such as, 'LinkedIn For Veterinary Students', 'Interview Preparation: The Key To Success', and 'A Day In The Life Of a Small Animal Vet'. If you’re a veterinary student, or in the working world… then there’s something for you!<br />
<br />
==Sign Up To The WikiVet Mailing List==<br />
Register [https://mailchi.mp/0d7716e93925/wikivet-sign-up '''here'''] to sign up to the WikiVet mailing list. You will receive content such as our monthly newsletter, highlighting some of the latest and most popular WikiVet articles guaranteed to improve your veterinary knowledge.<br />
==New Content From Protexin Veterinary!==<br />
Take a look at Protexin Veterinary's new content: [[The Microbiota and Antibiotics|'The Microbiota and Antibiotics']].<br />
<br />
<br />
==Latest Video==<br />
<br />
In this video, Sarah Heath talks about behavioural first aid for the confrontational dog. Sarah Heath BVSc PgCertVE DipECAWBM(BM) CCAB FRCVS is both an RCVS and an EBVS ® European Veterinary Specialist in Behavioural Medicine as well as a Certified Clinical Animal Behaviourist. She was made a Fellow of the Royal College of Veterinary Surgeons in recognition of her work in establishing behavioural medicine as a veterinary discipline. In this video, Sarah explains how to advise clients to manage cases until referral is possible. <br />
{{#ev:youtube|QGQAwXNtkY0}}<br />
<br />
==The Webinar Vet's latest student bundles==<br />
<br />
====Student Vet Year 1 ====<br />
<br />
*Ethics and Welfare<br />
*I think this animal has been a victim of cruelty, what next?<br />
*Religious objections and futile treatments: a primer for handling euthanasia disputes<br />
<br />
[https://www.thewebinarvet.com/pages/student-year1-bundle-2/ View all »]<br />
<br />
====Student Vet Year 2====<br />
<br />
*Interpreting Endocrinology Lab results<br />
*Adrenal testing dogs and cats: which test for what case?<br />
*A case-based approach to endocrine treatment<br />
<br />
[https://www.thewebinarvet.com/pages/student-year2-bundle/ View all »]<br />
<br />
====Student Vet Year 3====<br />
<br />
*Tips and Tricks for getting the most from Cytology in practice<br />
*Rabbit clinical pathology<br />
*A review on equine parasitology<br />
<br />
[https://www.thewebinarvet.com/pages/student-year3-bundle/ View all »]<br />
<br />
====Student Vet Year 4====<br />
<br />
*Standing sedation for the equine patient<br />
*Goats- practitioners survival guide to common health problems<br />
*Farm animal analgesia<br />
<br />
[https://www.thewebinarvet.com/pages/student-year4-bundle/ View all »]<br />
<br />
====Student Vet Year 5====<br />
<br />
*Small animal surgery - abdominal emergencies<br />
*Large animal surgery basics<br />
*Sutures and knot tying. What to use, when and how<br />
<br />
[https://www.thewebinarvet.com/pages/student-year5-bundle/ View all »]<br />
<br />
==Social Media ==<br />
{| style="float:right; margin-left: 10px;" ><br />
|[[File:Facebook logo new.png|link=https://www.facebook.com/pages/WikiVet/188576847835536?v=wall|alt=WikiVet Facebook|30x30px|frameless]]<br />
|[[File:Twitter logo.png|link=https://twitter.com/#!/WikiVet|alt=WikiVet Twitter|30x30px|frameless]]<br />
|}<br />
Want to keep up with everything WikiVet? Follow us on all our social media here: '''[https://www.instagram.com/wikivet Instagram], [https://www.facebook.com/WikiVet Facebook], [https://twitter.com/wikivet Twitter], [https://www.linkedin.com/company/wikivet LinkedIn]'''<br />
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If you have any comments or suggestions, please email the [mailto:info@wikivet.net WikiVet team]<br />
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[[File:IIE_Award.png|link=https://www.iie.uk.com/green-directory/the-webinar-vet/|alt=Investors in the Environment award for The Webinar Vet - Silver 2021|frameless|120x120px]]</div><br />
<br />
[[es:Página Principal]]<br />
[[fr:Accueil]]</div>Charliecoleshttps://en.wikivet.net/index.php?title=Veterinary_Education_Online&diff=207166Veterinary Education Online2022-03-08T16:22:04Z<p>Charliecoles: </p>
<hr />
<div>__NOTOC__<br />
<templatestyles src="Main Page/styles.css" /><br />
<div id="mp-topbanner" class="mp-bordered"><br />
<div id="mp-welcomecount"><br />
<div id="mp-welcome">Welcome to [[Main Page|WikiVet]],</div><br />
<div id="mp-free">Free [[WikiVet Introduction|veterinary encyclopedia]]. [[Frequently_Asked_Questions#How_do_I_edit_content|Submissions welcome]]<br>and are reviewed by renowned veterinary professionals.</div><br />
<div id="articlecount">[[Special:Statistics|{{NUMBEROFARTICLES}}]] articles in English</div><br />
</div><br />
<ul id="mp-portals"><br />
<li>[[CPD Events]]</li><br />
<li class="portal-vmid">[[Discipline]]s</li><br />
<li class="portal-vbot">[[Learning Resources|Learning]]</li><br />
<li class="portal-hmid">[[Lectures]]</li><br />
<li class="portal-hmid portal-vmid">[[Podcasts]]</li><br />
<li class="portal-hmid portal-vbot">[[Species]]</li><br />
<li class="portal-hright">[[System]]</li><br />
<li class="portal-hright portal-vmid">[https://www.thewebinarvet.com/?utm_source=wikivet&utm_medium=webinar_hp_link Webinars]</li><br />
<li class="portal-hright portal-vbot">[[Video]]s</li><br />
</ul><br />
</div><br />
<!---------------------------News--------------------><br />
<div class="MainPageBG" style="border:1px solid #5B9DA7; background:#f5faff; color:#000; padding:0 14px 8px; margin-top:7px;"><br />
==New Webinar From Protexin Veterinary==<br />
[[File:Protexin Webinar.png|left|thumb]]<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Acute Diarrhoea In Dogs And Cats|Watch Now]]! We have a new webinar on WikiVet by Protexin Veterinary 💻 🚨 <br />
<br />
Acute diarrhoea is a common complaint seen in first-opinion small animal veterinary practice. Even though it is often self-limiting and likely to resolve with symptomatic treatment alone, antibiotics are frequently prescribed as part of the therapeutic management plan. Faecal analysis can be a useful diagnostic tool to guide our treatment choices, however it may be difficult to distinguish the significance of these results. In this webinar, we cover these interesting topics in more detail to help answer some common uncertainties surrounding the use of antibiotics in cases of acute diarrhoea. <br />
<br />
🔗 Watch the webinar [[Acute Diarrhoea In Dogs And Cats|here.]]<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
[[File:WikiVet Career Zone.png|left|thumb]]<br />
==Visit Our Career Zone==<br />
[https://simplyvets.com/career-zone '''Click here'''] to view all sorts of content to help you reach your dream veterinary career. Read articles such as, 'LinkedIn For Veterinary Students', 'Interview Preparation: The Key To Success', and 'A Day In The Life Of a Small Animal Vet'. If you’re a veterinary student, or in the working world… then there’s something for you!<br />
<br />
==Sign Up To The WikiVet Mailing List==<br />
Register [https://mailchi.mp/0d7716e93925/wikivet-sign-up '''here'''] to sign up to the WikiVet mailing list. You will receive content such as our monthly newsletter, highlighting some of the latest and most popular WikiVet articles guaranteed to improve your veterinary knowledge.<br />
==New Content From Protexin Veterinary!==<br />
Take a look at Protexin Veterinary's new content: [[The Microbiota and Antibiotics|'The Microbiota and Antibiotics']].<br />
<br />
<br />
==Latest Video==<br />
<br />
In this video, Sarah Heath talks about behavioural first aid for the confrontational dog. Sarah Heath BVSc PgCertVE DipECAWBM(BM) CCAB FRCVS is both an RCVS and an EBVS ® European Veterinary Specialist in Behavioural Medicine as well as a Certified Clinical Animal Behaviourist. She was made a Fellow of the Royal College of Veterinary Surgeons in recognition of her work in establishing behavioural medicine as a veterinary discipline. In this video, Sarah explains how to advise clients to manage cases until referral is possible. <br />
{{#ev:youtube|QGQAwXNtkY0}}<br />
<br />
==The Webinar Vet's latest student bundles==<br />
<br />
====Student Vet Year 1 ====<br />
<br />
*Ethics and Welfare<br />
*I think this animal has been a victim of cruelty, what next?<br />
*Religious objections and futile treatments: a primer for handling euthanasia disputes<br />
<br />
[https://www.thewebinarvet.com/pages/student-year1-bundle-2/ View all »]<br />
<br />
====Student Vet Year 2====<br />
<br />
*Interpreting Endocrinology Lab results<br />
*Adrenal testing dogs and cats: which test for what case?<br />
*A case-based approach to endocrine treatment<br />
<br />
[https://www.thewebinarvet.com/pages/student-year2-bundle/ View all »]<br />
<br />
====Student Vet Year 3====<br />
<br />
*Tips and Tricks for getting the most from Cytology in practice<br />
*Rabbit clinical pathology<br />
*A review on equine parasitology<br />
<br />
[https://www.thewebinarvet.com/pages/student-year3-bundle/ View all »]<br />
<br />
====Student Vet Year 4====<br />
<br />
*Standing sedation for the equine patient<br />
*Goats- practitioners survival guide to common health problems<br />
*Farm animal analgesia<br />
<br />
[https://www.thewebinarvet.com/pages/student-year4-bundle/ View all »]<br />
<br />
====Student Vet Year 5====<br />
<br />
*Small animal surgery - abdominal emergencies<br />
*Large animal surgery basics<br />
*Sutures and knot tying. What to use, when and how<br />
<br />
[https://www.thewebinarvet.com/pages/student-year5-bundle/ View all »]<br />
<br />
==Social Media ==<br />
{| style="float:right; margin-left: 10px;" ><br />
|[[File:Facebook logo new.png|link=https://www.facebook.com/pages/WikiVet/188576847835536?v=wall|alt=WikiVet Facebook|30x30px|frameless]]<br />
|[[File:Twitter logo.png|link=https://twitter.com/#!/WikiVet|alt=WikiVet Twitter|30x30px|frameless]]<br />
|}<br />
Want to keep up with everything WikiVet? Follow us on all our social media here: '''[https://www.instagram.com/wikivet Instagram], [https://www.facebook.com/WikiVet Facebook], [https://twitter.com/wikivet Twitter], [https://www.linkedin.com/company/wikivet LinkedIn]'''<br />
<br />
If you have any comments or suggestions, please email the [mailto:info@wikivet.net WikiVet team]<br />
<br />
[[File:IIE_Award.png|link=https://www.iie.uk.com/green-directory/the-webinar-vet/|alt=Investors in the Environment award for The Webinar Vet - Silver 2021|frameless|120x120px]]</div><br />
<br />
[[es:Página Principal]]<br />
[[fr:Accueil]]</div>Charliecoleshttps://en.wikivet.net/index.php?title=File:Protexin_Webinar.png&diff=207165File:Protexin Webinar.png2022-03-08T16:19:39Z<p>Charliecoles: </p>
<hr />
<div>.</div>Charliecoleshttps://en.wikivet.net/index.php?title=Veterinary_Education_Online&diff=207009Veterinary Education Online2022-02-22T16:47:21Z<p>Charliecoles: </p>
<hr />
<div>__NOTOC__<br />
<templatestyles src="Main Page/styles.css" /><br />
<div id="mp-topbanner" class="mp-bordered"><br />
<div id="mp-welcomecount"><br />
<div id="mp-welcome">Welcome to [[Main Page|WikiVet]],</div><br />
<div id="mp-free">Free [[WikiVet Introduction|veterinary encyclopedia]]. [[Frequently_Asked_Questions#How_do_I_edit_content|Submissions welcome]]<br>and are reviewed by renowned veterinary professionals.</div><br />
<div id="articlecount">[[Special:Statistics|{{NUMBEROFARTICLES}}]] articles in English</div><br />
</div><br />
<ul id="mp-portals"><br />
<li>[[CPD Events]]</li><br />
<li class="portal-vmid">[[Discipline]]s</li><br />
<li class="portal-vbot">[[Learning Resources|Learning]]</li><br />
<li class="portal-hmid">[[Lectures]]</li><br />
<li class="portal-hmid portal-vmid">[[Podcasts]]</li><br />
<li class="portal-hmid portal-vbot">[[Species]]</li><br />
<li class="portal-hright">[[System]]</li><br />
<li class="portal-hright portal-vmid">[https://www.thewebinarvet.com/?utm_source=wikivet&utm_medium=webinar_hp_link Webinars]</li><br />
<li class="portal-hright portal-vbot">[[Video]]s</li><br />
</ul><br />
</div><br />
<!---------------------------News--------------------><br />
<div class="MainPageBG" style="border:1px solid #5B9DA7; background:#f5faff; color:#000; padding:0 14px 8px; margin-top:7px;"><br />
[[File:WikiVet Career Zone.png|left|thumb]]<br />
==Visit Our Career Zone==<br />
[https://simplyvets.com/career-zone '''Click here'''] to view all sorts of content to help you reach your dream veterinary career. Read articles such as, 'LinkedIn For Veterinary Students', 'Interview Preparation: The Key To Success', and 'A Day In The Life Of a Small Animal Vet'. If you’re a veterinary student, or in the working world… then there’s something for you!<br />
<br />
==Sign Up To The WikiVet Mailing List==<br />
Register [https://mailchi.mp/0d7716e93925/wikivet-sign-up '''here'''] to sign up to the WikiVet mailing list. You will receive content such as our monthly newsletter, highlighting some of the latest and most popular WikiVet articles guaranteed to improve your veterinary knowledge.<br />
==New Content From Protexin Veterinary!==<br />
Take a look at Protexin Veterinary's new content: [[The Microbiota and Antibiotics|'The Microbiota and Antibiotics']].<br />
<br />
<br />
==Latest Video==<br />
<br />
In this video, Sarah Heath talks about behavioural first aid for the confrontational dog. Sarah Heath BVSc PgCertVE DipECAWBM(BM) CCAB FRCVS is both an RCVS and an EBVS ® European Veterinary Specialist in Behavioural Medicine as well as a Certified Clinical Animal Behaviourist. She was made a Fellow of the Royal College of Veterinary Surgeons in recognition of her work in establishing behavioural medicine as a veterinary discipline. In this video, Sarah explains how to advise clients to manage cases until referral is possible. <br />
{{#ev:youtube|QGQAwXNtkY0}}<br />
<br />
==The Webinar Vet's latest student bundles==<br />
<br />
====Student Vet Year 1 ====<br />
<br />
*Ethics and Welfare<br />
*I think this animal has been a victim of cruelty, what next?<br />
*Religious objections and futile treatments: a primer for handling euthanasia disputes<br />
<br />
[https://www.thewebinarvet.com/pages/student-year1-bundle-2/ View all »]<br />
<br />
====Student Vet Year 2====<br />
<br />
*Interpreting Endocrinology Lab results<br />
*Adrenal testing dogs and cats: which test for what case?<br />
*A case-based approach to endocrine treatment<br />
<br />
[https://www.thewebinarvet.com/pages/student-year2-bundle/ View all »]<br />
<br />
====Student Vet Year 3====<br />
<br />
*Tips and Tricks for getting the most from Cytology in practice<br />
*Rabbit clinical pathology<br />
*A review on equine parasitology<br />
<br />
[https://www.thewebinarvet.com/pages/student-year3-bundle/ View all »]<br />
<br />
====Student Vet Year 4====<br />
<br />
*Standing sedation for the equine patient<br />
*Goats- practitioners survival guide to common health problems<br />
*Farm animal analgesia<br />
<br />
[https://www.thewebinarvet.com/pages/student-year4-bundle/ View all »]<br />
<br />
====Student Vet Year 5====<br />
<br />
*Small animal surgery - abdominal emergencies<br />
*Large animal surgery basics<br />
*Sutures and knot tying. What to use, when and how<br />
<br />
[https://www.thewebinarvet.com/pages/student-year5-bundle/ View all »]<br />
<br />
==Social Media ==<br />
{| style="float:right; margin-left: 10px;" ><br />
|[[File:Facebook logo new.png|link=https://www.facebook.com/pages/WikiVet/188576847835536?v=wall|alt=WikiVet Facebook|30x30px|frameless]]<br />
|[[File:Twitter logo.png|link=https://twitter.com/#!/WikiVet|alt=WikiVet Twitter|30x30px|frameless]]<br />
|}<br />
Want to keep up with everything WikiVet? Follow us on all our social media here: '''[https://www.instagram.com/wikivet Instagram], [https://www.facebook.com/WikiVet Facebook], [https://twitter.com/wikivet Twitter], [https://www.linkedin.com/company/wikivet LinkedIn]'''<br />
<br />
If you have any comments or suggestions, please email the [mailto:info@wikivet.net WikiVet team]<br />
<br />
[[File:IIE_Award.png|link=https://www.iie.uk.com/green-directory/the-webinar-vet/|alt=Investors in the Environment award for The Webinar Vet - Silver 2021|frameless|120x120px]]</div><br />
<br />
[[es:Página Principal]]<br />
[[fr:Accueil]]</div>Charliecoles