Arthritis Classification - Revision history

Bara at 16:17, 3 March 2011

2011-03-03T16:17:13Z

Bara at 16:16, 3 March 2011

2011-03-03T16:16:45Z

Bara: Created page with "[[Image:Cattle fibrinopurulent arthritis.jpg|right|thumb|100px|Fibrinopurulent arthritis in cattle (Image sourced from Bristol Biomed Image Archive with permission..."

2011-03-03T16:16:01Z

Created page with "[[Image:Cattle fibrinopurulent arthritis.jpg|right|thumb|100px|<center>Fibrinopurulent arthritis in cattle (Image sourced from Bristol Biomed Image Archive with permission..."

New page

[[Image:Cattle fibrinopurulent arthritis.jpg|right|thumb|100px|<center>Fibrinopurulent arthritis in cattle (Image sourced from Bristol Biomed Image Archive with permission)</center>]]
[[Image:Cattle suppurative arthritis.jpg|right|thumb|100px|<center>Suppurative arthritis in cattle (Image sourced from Bristol Biomed Image Archive with permission)</center>]]

*Inflammation of intra-articular structures
*In farm animals usually due to infection
*In small animals usually due to non-infectious causes

*Classification:
**According to number of joints involved - '''polyarthritis'''
**According to type of inflammatory exudate
***'''Serous'''
****Increased synovial fluid production
****Resolves if uncomplicated
***'''Fibrinous'''
****Early stages:
*****Increased and more opaque synovial exudate
*****Enlarged hyperaemic villi
*****Small haemorrhages in synovial membrane
****Later stages:
*****Less exudate
*****Thickend synovial connective tissue
*****Marked villi proliferation (branching in microscopic preparations)
*****Proliferated synovial tissue -> peripheral fibrous tissue attempting repair across defective surface = '''pannus'''
****Mild cases resolve
****More severe cases - residual inflammation remains
****Most severe cases - organising fibrosis +/- ankylosis
***'''Purulent'''
****Usually from haemoatogenous spread e.g. neonatal navel ill
****May extend from adjacent abscesses
****More destructive
****Erosion of articular surfaces to underlying bone
****Forms abscesses
****Possible fistulation to the skin

*Caused by:
**Trauma
**Infectious organisms (e.g. bacteria, viruses)
**Foreign material (urate crystals = gout)
**Immune-mediated disease

[[Category:Arthritis]]
==Infectious arthritis==

*'''Bacterial arthritis'''
**Most common in food animals, especially young
**Portals of entry include:
***Navel and GI tract -> bacteraemia
***Haematogenously -> polyarthritis
***Traumatic inoculation
***Extension from bone or periarticular soft tissue

*'''Viral arthritis'''
**Progressive inflammatory and degenerative joint disease
**Synovitis with cartilage destruction
**Chronic mononuclear inflammatory reactions

===In Sheep===

*[[Retroviridae|'''Maedi visna virus''']]
*Bacterial infections mostly affects lambs except for Mycoplasmal artheritis
*[[Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae|'''''Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae''''']]

*'''''[[Corynebacterium pyogenes]]'''''

*[[:Category:Streptococcus species|'''''Streptococcus'' spp.''']]

*[[:Category:Staphylococcus species|'''''Staphylococci''''']]

*[[:Category:Chlamydophila species|'''''Chlamydia sp.''''']]

===In Pigs===

*[[Erysipelas - Pig|'''''Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae''''']]

*'''''[[Corynebacterium pyogenes]]''''' and [[:Category:Staphylococcus species|'''''Staphylococci''''']]

*'''''[[Haemophilus suis]]'' and ''[[Haemophilus parasuis]]'''''

*'''''[[Mycoplasma hyosynoviae]]'' and ''M. hyorhinis'''''

===In Cattle===

*Neonatal polyarthritis by:
**[[:Category:Streptococcus species|'''''Streptococcus'' spp.''']]
***Via umbilicus
***Also involves eyes and meninges
**[[Escherichia coli|'''''Coliforms''''']]
***Localises in joints and meninges in severe non-fatal neonatal colibacillosis
***May remain as chronic arthritis in larger joints
*Infections at any age:
**'''''[[Corynebacterium pyogenes]]'''''
***Suppurative arthrtis
***Often due to pebetrating wound into or close to joints
**[[:Category:Mycoplasmas|'''''Mycoplasma spp.''''']]
***May be respinsible for some chronic cases but difficult to prove as hard to isolate
***Fibrinous polyarthritis
**[[:Category:Chlamydophila species|'''''Chlamydia sp.''''']]
***Severe disease in young calves
***High mortality
***Can be seen in smears of synovial fluid from swollen joints
***Oedematous and hyperaemic surrounding tissue
***Possibly due to intrauterine infection
**'''''[[Brucella abortus]]'''''
***Uncommonly localises in joints
***Usually in '''carpal bursitis (hygroma) in cattle and bursitis in horses'''

===In Horses===

*Arthritis can occur following neonatal infections by:
**'''''[[Actinobacillus equuli]]'''''
**[[:Category:Streptococcus species|'''''Streptococcus'' spp.''']]
**[[Escherichia coli|'''''Coliforms''''']]
**[[Salmonella|'''''Salmonella''''']]

===In Goats===

*[[Caprine Arthrirtis Encephalitis Virus]]

===In Dogs===

*[[:Category:Staphylococcus species|'''''Staphylococci''''']]
**May cause '''discospondylitis'''
**Destructive inflammatory lesion
**Bacterial localise in ''[[Joints - Anatomy & Physiology#Fibrocartilagenous joints|''annulus fibrosis'']] -> may spread to local bone

[[Category:Arthritis]]

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:17, 3 March 2011
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	[[Category:Arthritis]]		[[Category:Arthritis]]
−	~~==[[Infectious Arthritis]]==~~

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:16, 3 March 2011
Line 42:		Line 42:

	[[Category:Arthritis]]		[[Category:Arthritis]]
−	==~~Infectious arthritis==~~	+	==[[Infectious Arthritis]]==
−
−	*'''Bacterial arthritis'''
−	**Most common in food animals, especially young
−	**Portals of entry include:
−	***Navel and GI tract -> bacteraemia
−	***Haematogenously -> polyarthritis
−	***Traumatic inoculation
−	***Extension from bone or periarticular soft tissue
−
−	*'''Viral arthritis'''
−	**Progressive inflammatory and degenerative joint disease
−	**Synovitis with cartilage destruction
−	**Chronic mononuclear inflammatory reactions
−
−
−	~~===In Sheep===~~
−
−	*[[~~Retroviridae\|'''Maedi visna virus''']]~~
−	*Bacterial infections mostly affects lambs except for Mycoplasmal artheritis
−	*[[Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae\|'''''Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae''''']]
−
−	*'''''[[Corynebacterium pyogenes]]'''''
−
−	*[[:Category:Streptococcus species\|'''''Streptococcus'' spp.''']]
−
−	*[[:Category:Staphylococcus species\|'''''Staphylococci''''']]
−
−	*[[:Category:Chlamydophila species\|'''''Chlamydia sp.''''']]
−
−	~~===In Pigs===~~
−
−	*[[Erysipelas - Pig\|'''''Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae''''']]
−
−	*'''''[[Corynebacterium pyogenes]]''''' and [[:Category:Staphylococcus species\|'''''Staphylococci''''']]
−
−	*'''''[[Haemophilus suis]]'' and ''[[Haemophilus parasuis]]'''''
−
−	*'''''[[Mycoplasma hyosynoviae]]'' and ''M. hyorhinis'''''
−
−	~~===In Cattle===~~
−
−	*Neonatal polyarthritis by:
−	**[[:Category:Streptococcus species\|'''''Streptococcus'' spp.''']]
−	***Via umbilicus
−	***Also involves eyes and meninges
−	**[[Escherichia coli\|'''''Coliforms''''']]
−	***Localises in joints and meninges in severe non-fatal neonatal colibacillosis
−	***May remain as chronic arthritis in larger joints
−	*Infections at any age:
−	**'''''[[Corynebacterium pyogenes]]'''''
−	***Suppurative arthrtis
−	***Often due to pebetrating wound into or close to joints
−	**[[:Category:Mycoplasmas\|'''''Mycoplasma spp.''''']]
−	***May be respinsible for some chronic cases but difficult to prove as hard to isolate
−	***Fibrinous polyarthritis
−	**[[:Category:Chlamydophila species\|'''''Chlamydia sp.''''']]
−	***Severe disease in young calves
−	***High mortality
−	***Can be seen in smears of synovial fluid from swollen joints
−	***Oedematous and hyperaemic surrounding tissue
−	***Possibly due to intrauterine infection
−	**'''''[[Brucella abortus]]'''''
−	***Uncommonly localises in joints
−	***Usually in '''carpal bursitis (hygroma) in cattle and bursitis in horses'''
−
−	~~===In Horses===~~
−
−	*Arthritis ~~can occur following neonatal infections by:~~
−	**'''''[[Actinobacillus equuli]]'''''
−	**[[:Category:Streptococcus species\|'''''Streptococcus'' spp.''']]
−	**[[Escherichia coli\|'''''Coliforms''''']]
−	**[[Salmonella\|'''''Salmonella''''']]
−
−
−
−	~~===In Goats===~~
−
−	*[[Caprine Arthrirtis Encephalitis Virus]]
−
−	===~~In Dogs===~~
−
−	*[[:Category:Staphylococcus species\|'''''Staphylococci''''']]
−	**May cause '''discospondylitis'''
−	**Destructive inflammatory lesion
−	**Bacterial localise in ''[[Joints - Anatomy & Physiology#Fibrocartilagenous joints\|''annulus fibrosis'']] -> may spread to local bone
−
−
−	~~[[Category:Arthritis]]~~