Atlantoaxial Luxation - Revision history

Bara at 22:56, 7 August 2012

2012-08-07T22:56:27Z

Bara at 15:38, 10 October 2011

2011-10-10T15:38:01Z

HelenD at 09:50, 23 August 2011

2011-08-23T09:50:40Z

Bara: Created page with "Luxations and subluxations In dogs, calves, horses and goats Miniature dog breeds: **Failure of fusion of odontoid process to rest of axis *Calves: **Aplasia or hypoplasia of o..."

2011-03-03T15:22:02Z

Created page with "Luxations and subluxations *In dogs, calves, horses and goats *Miniature dog breeds: **Failure of fusion of odontoid process to rest of axis *Calves: **Aplasia or hypoplasia of o..."

New page

Luxations and subluxations
*In dogs, calves, horses and goats
*Miniature dog breeds:
**Failure of fusion of odontoid process to rest of axis
*Calves:
**Aplasia or hypoplasia of odontoid process

[[Category:Joints - Degenerative Pathology]]

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 Also known as: '''''Atlantoaxial Instability — Atlantoaxial Subluxation'''''
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 {{review}}
 [[Category:Neurological Diseases - Dog]]
 [[Category:Expert Review - Small Animal]]

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 There are two causes for the instability – trauma and developmental malformations.
 :'''Traumatic instability''' occurs after forceful flexion of the head, causing either fracture of the dens or another part of the axis, and/or tearing of the fibrous attachments. This can occur in any breed, at any age.
-:'''Developmental malformations''' can predispose the instability to occur with vary small amounts of trauma. Abnormalities include: a '''missing or malformed dens''', lack of normal attachment between the two vertebrae. This occurs most frequently in '''small breed dogs''' such as the Yorkshire Terrier, Chihuahua, Poodle, Pomeranian and Pekinese during their '''first year of life'''.
+:'''Developmental malformations''' can predispose the instability to occur with very small amounts of trauma. Abnormalities include: a '''missing or malformed dens''', lack of normal attachment between the two vertebrae. This occurs most frequently in '''small breed dogs''' such as the Yorkshire Terrier, Chihuahua, Poodle, Pomeranian and Pekinese during their '''first year of life'''.
 ==Clinical Signs==
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 Problems include: '''continued instability''', deterioration of clinical signs, bandage sores from the neck brace.
-'''Surgical management is the treatment of choice''' due to the possibility of recurrence and further spinal cord damage with conservative management.
+'''Surgical management is the treatment of choice''' due to the possibility of recurrence and further spinal cord damage with conservative management. Goals of surgery are to relieve pressure on the spinal cord and stabilise the joint permanently. If the dens is fractured or malformed, it may have to be removed at surgery.
 Dorsal and ventral approaches exist, but the '''ventral approach''' is preferred as it enables arthrodesis of the atlantoaxial joint to be performed. A cancellous bone graft is placed in the joint and '''pins or screws are placed across the joints'''.
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 Greater success is seen in younger dogs and dogs with more acute problems.
 ==References==
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 Lister, S. (2009) '''Atlantoaxial instability''' ''ACVS Publication''
-[[Category:To Do - Helen]]
-[[Category:To Do - Review]]
+{{review}}
 [[Category:Joints - Degenerative Pathology]]

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-Luxations and subluxations
+Also known as: '''''Atlantoaxial Instability — Atlantoaxial Subluxation'''''
-*In dogs, calves, horses and goats
-*Miniature dog breeds:
+==Introduction==
-**Failure of fusion of odontoid process to rest of axis
+Atlantoaxial instability is an uncommon condition of dogs in which there is '''abnormal movement or instability in the cervical spine or neck, between the atlas and axis'''. This instability allows abnormal bending between the two bones, which causes pressure or '''compression of the spinal cord'''.  The severity of the injury to the spinal cord depends both on the amount of pressure, and the duration of the condition.
-*Calves:
-**Aplasia or hypoplasia of odontoid process
+The atlantoaxial joint is normally stabilised by a projection off the axis called the '''dens''', which fits into the atlas, as well as several ligaments between the two bones.
 [[Category:Joints - Degenerative Pathology]]

Atlantoaxial Luxation - Revision history

Bara at 22:56, 7 August 2012

Bara at 15:38, 10 October 2011

HelenD at 09:50, 23 August 2011

Bara: Created page with "Luxations and subluxations *In dogs, calves, horses and goats *Miniature dog breeds: **Failure of fusion of odontoid process to rest of axis *Calves: **Aplasia or hypoplasia of o..."

Bara: Created page with "Luxations and subluxations In dogs, calves, horses and goats Miniature dog breeds: **Failure of fusion of odontoid process to rest of axis *Calves: **Aplasia or hypoplasia of o..."