Atrial Septal Defect - Revision history

Bara at 14:29, 15 October 2013

2013-10-15T14:29:24Z

Bara at 16:21, 5 July 2012

2012-07-05T16:21:43Z

Bara at 21:32, 13 March 2011

2011-03-13T21:32:32Z

Kthompson at 11:23, 13 March 2011

2011-03-13T11:23:11Z

Kthompson at 11:22, 13 March 2011

2011-03-13T11:22:48Z

Bara: /* From Pathology */

2011-01-17T19:24:42Z

From Pathology

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2011-01-17T13:34:45Z

From Pathology

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2011-01-07T13:46:39Z

From Pathology

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2011-01-07T13:31:53Z

From Pathology

Bara: /* From Pathology */

2010-12-20T15:43:36Z

From Pathology

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:29, 15 October 2013
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	[[Category:Cardiovascular_System_-_Developmental_Pathology]] [[Category:Expert_Review]] [[Category:Cardiac_Diseases_-_Dog]] [[Category:Cardiac_Diseases_-_Cat]] [[Category:Cardiac_Diseases_-_Horse]] [[Category:Cardiac_Diseases_-_Cattle]] [[Category:Cardiac_Diseases_-_Pig]]		[[Category:Cardiovascular_System_-_Developmental_Pathology]] [[Category:Expert_Review]] [[Category:Cardiac_Diseases_-_Dog]] [[Category:Cardiac_Diseases_-_Cat]] [[Category:Cardiac_Diseases_-_Horse]] [[Category:Cardiac_Diseases_-_Cattle]] [[Category:Cardiac_Diseases_-_Pig]]
		+	[[Category:Cardiology Section]]

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-{{review}}
+{{OpenPagesTop}}
-Also known as: ''''ASD - Persistent Foramen Ovale'''''
+Also known as: '''''ASD - Persistent Foramen Ovale'''''
 == Introduction  ==
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 Depends on the severity of the atrial septal defect and any other additional defects.
 [[Category:Cardiovascular_System_-_Developmental_Pathology]] [[Category:Expert_Review]] [[Category:Cardiac_Diseases_-_Dog]] [[Category:Cardiac_Diseases_-_Cat]] [[Category:Cardiac_Diseases_-_Horse]] [[Category:Cardiac_Diseases_-_Cattle]] [[Category:Cardiac_Diseases_-_Pig]]

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 == Introduction  ==
-Also known as ASD and persistant foramen ovale, it is very rare in horses and is also rarely seen as a single defect in dogs &amp; cats. Predisposed breeds include Old English Sheepdog, Doberman Pincher, Boxer, Samoyed.&nbsp;
+ASD is very rare in horses and is also rarely seen as a single defect in dogs and cats. Predisposed breeds include Old English Sheepdog, Doberman Pincher, Boxer, Samoyed.
-Atrial septal defects occur when the interatrial septum is not completely formed or the foramen ovale has failed to close. The resulting patency between the atria allows shunting of blood.&nbsp;Normally small atrial septal defects cause blood to travel from the higher pressure conditions in the left side to the lower pressure conditions in the right side. However, larger defects cause pulmonary hypertension with or without pulmonic stenosis causes shunting to occur in either both directions or from right to left.&nbsp;Left to Right shunting can cause blood volume overload of the right atrium, right ventricle, and pulmonary circulation. Right to Left shunting can cause blood volume overload of the left atrium. Eisenmenger's physiology is when left to right shunts create pulmonary overcirculation. Pulmonary overcirculation leads to gross changes in the pulmonary vasculature causing an increased pulmonary vascular resistance and the development of pulmonary hypertension. Right ventricular pressures are elevated as a result making shunts reverse when the pressure on the right side of the heart exceeds that of the left. Deoxygenated blood is then able to access the peripheral circulation. Cyanosis is a direct effect of this phenomenon.&nbsp;Atrial septal defects are normally located higher in the septum with dogs and lower in the septum with cats.&nbsp;Cats with low atrial septal defects are likely to have an endocardial cushion defect complex.
+Atrial septal defects occur when the interatrial septum is not completely formed or the foramen ovale has failed to close. The resulting patency between the atria allows shunting of blood. Normally small atrial septal defects cause blood to travel from the higher pressure conditions in the left side to the lower pressure conditions in the right side. However, larger defects cause [[Pulmonary Hypertension|pulmonary hypertension]] with or without [[Pulmonic Stenosis|pulmonic stenosis]] causing shunting to occur in either both directions or from right to left. Left to Right shunting can cause blood volume overload of the right atrium, right ventricle, and pulmonary circulation. Right to left shunting can cause blood volume overload of the left atrium.
+Eisenmenger's physiology is when left to right shunts create pulmonary overcirculation. Pulmonary overcirculation leads to gross changes in the pulmonary vasculature causing an increased pulmonary vascular resistance and the development of pulmonary hypertension. Right ventricular pressures are elevated as a result making shunts reverse when the pressure on the right side of the heart exceeds that of the left. Deoxygenated blood is then able to access the peripheral circulation. Cyanosis is a direct effect of this phenomenon. Atrial septal defects are normally located higher in the septum with dogs and lower in the septum with cats. Cats with low atrial septal defects are likely to have an endocardial cushion defect complex.
 == Clinical Signs  ==
-Often no clinical signs are detected. There may be signs of exercise intolerance, dyspnea, syncope, cyanosis (right to left shunting). Signs of heart failure may be present such as ascites (right sided heart failure), dyspnea, peripheral edema and pleural effusion.&nbsp;
+Often no clinical signs are detected. There may be signs of exercise intolerance, dyspnea, syncope, cyanosis (right to left shunting). Signs of [[:Category:Heart Failure|heart failure]] may be present such as ascites (right sided heart failure), dyspnea, peripheral [[Oedema|oedema]] and pleural [[:Category:Effusions|effusion]].
 == Diagnosis  ==
-History and clinical signs are indicative of heart failure.&nbsp;
+History and clinical signs are indicative of heart failure.
-On radiographic examination, often there will be no findings. Occasionally you may see right atrial and ventricular enlargement. There may or mayy not be pulmonary artery enlargement and pulmonary overcirculation.
+Upon physical examination a soft systolic [[Heart Murmurs|murmur]] around left heart base (due to pulmonic stenosis) may be heard as well as a soft systolic murmur around pulmonic and tricuspid valves (usually heard due to increased blood flow) and a soft diastolic murmur on right side ([[Tricuspid Valve Dysplasia|tricuspid stenosis]]; RARE).
-Echocardiographic Findings may show right atrial and ventricular dilation and a septal defect. Doppler exam will document abnormal flow through defect.
+On radiographic examination, often there will be no findings. Occasionally you may see right atrial and ventricular enlargement. There may or may not be pulmonary artery enlargement and pulmonary overcirculation.
-Electrocardiographic (ECG) will show a normal result or pattern of right ventricular enlargement.
+Echocardiographic findings may show right atrial and ventricular dilation and a septal defect. Doppler exam will document abnormal flow through defect.
-<br>
+Electrocardiograph (ECG) will show a normal result or pattern of right ventricular enlargement.
 == Treatment  ==
-Usually treatment is not necessary with small atrial septal defects. You can treat right sided congestive heart failure when present. Severe atrial septal defects may need pulmonary artery banding (decreases pulmonary blood flow and therefore volume overload), but this procedure is often only palliative
+Usually treatment is not necessary with small atrial septal defects. You can treat right sided congestive heart failure when present. Severe atrial septal defects may need pulmonary artery banding (decreases pulmonary blood flow and therefore volume overload), but this procedure is often only palliative.
 == Prognosis  ==
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 Depends on the severity of the atrial septal defect and any other additional defects.
-[[Category:Cardiovascular_System_-_Developmental_Pathology]] [[Category:To_Do_-_Review]] [[Category:Cardiac_Diseases_-_Dog]] [[Category:Cardiac_Diseases_-_Cat]] [[Category:Cardiac_Diseases_-_Horse]] [[Category:Cardiac_Diseases_-_Cattle]] [[Category:Cardiac_Diseases_-_Pig]]
+[[Category:Cardiovascular_System_-_Developmental_Pathology]] [[Category:Expert_Review]] [[Category:Cardiac_Diseases_-_Dog]] [[Category:Cardiac_Diseases_-_Cat]] [[Category:Cardiac_Diseases_-_Horse]] [[Category:Cardiac_Diseases_-_Cattle]] [[Category:Cardiac_Diseases_-_Pig]]

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-== Introduction ==
+== Introduction  ==
 Also known as ASD and persistant foramen ovale, it is very rare in horses and is also rarely seen as a single defect in dogs &amp; cats. Predisposed breeds include Old English Sheepdog, Doberman Pincher, Boxer, Samoyed.&nbsp;
 Atrial septal defects occur when the interatrial septum is not completely formed or the foramen ovale has failed to close. The resulting patency between the atria allows shunting of blood.&nbsp;Normally small atrial septal defects cause blood to travel from the higher pressure conditions in the left side to the lower pressure conditions in the right side. However, larger defects cause pulmonary hypertension with or without pulmonic stenosis causes shunting to occur in either both directions or from right to left.&nbsp;Left to Right shunting can cause blood volume overload of the right atrium, right ventricle, and pulmonary circulation. Right to Left shunting can cause blood volume overload of the left atrium. Eisenmenger's physiology is when left to right shunts create pulmonary overcirculation. Pulmonary overcirculation leads to gross changes in the pulmonary vasculature causing an increased pulmonary vascular resistance and the development of pulmonary hypertension. Right ventricular pressures are elevated as a result making shunts reverse when the pressure on the right side of the heart exceeds that of the left. Deoxygenated blood is then able to access the peripheral circulation. Cyanosis is a direct effect of this phenomenon.&nbsp;Atrial septal defects are normally located higher in the septum with dogs and lower in the septum with cats.&nbsp;Cats with low atrial septal defects are likely to have an endocardial cushion defect complex.
+== Clinical Signs  ==
 Often no clinical signs are detected. There may be signs of exercise intolerance, dyspnea, syncope, cyanosis (right to left shunting). Signs of heart failure may be present such as ascites (right sided heart failure), dyspnea, peripheral edema and pleural effusion.&nbsp;
-== Diagnosis ==
+History and clinical signs are indicative of heart failure.&nbsp;
 Upon physical examination a soft systolic murmur around left heart base (due to pulmonic stenosis) may be heard as well as a soft systolic murmur around pulmonic and tricuspid valves (usually heard due to increased blood flow) and a soft diastolic murmur on right side (tricuspid stenosis; RARE).
 On radiographic examination, often there will be no findings. Occasionally you may see right atrial and ventricular enlargement. There may or mayy not be pulmonary artery enlargement and pulmonary overcirculation.
@@ Line 23: / Line 23: @@
 Echocardiographic Findings may show right atrial and ventricular dilation and a septal defect. Doppler exam will document abnormal flow through defect.
 Electrocardiographic (ECG) will show a normal result or pattern of right ventricular enlargement.
-== Treatment ==
+== Treatment  ==
 Usually treatment is not necessary with small atrial septal defects. You can treat right sided congestive heart failure when present. Severe atrial septal defects may need pulmonary artery banding (decreases pulmonary blood flow and therefore volume overload), but this procedure is often only palliative
+== Prognosis  ==
 Depends on the severity of the atrial septal defect and any other additional defects.
@@ Line 39: / Line 39: @@
 <br>
-== <br> ==
+== <br>  ==
-[[Category:Cardiovascular_System_-_Developmental_Pathology]] [[Category:To_Do_-_Kate]] [[Category:Cardiac_Diseases_-_Dog]] [[Category:Cardiac_Diseases_-_Cat]] [[Category:Cardiac_Diseases_-_Horse]] [[Category:Cardiac_Diseases_-_Cattle]] [[Category:Cardiac_Diseases_-_Pig]]
+[[Category:Cardiovascular_System_-_Developmental_Pathology]] [[Category:To_Do_-_Review]] [[Category:Cardiac_Diseases_-_Dog]] [[Category:Cardiac_Diseases_-_Cat]] [[Category:Cardiac_Diseases_-_Horse]] [[Category:Cardiac_Diseases_-_Cattle]] [[Category:Cardiac_Diseases_-_Pig]]

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-Also known as ASD
+== Introduction ==
-*Very rare in horses
+Also known as ASD and persistant foramen ovale, it is very rare in horses and is also rarely seen as a single defect in dogs &amp; cats. Predisposed breeds include Old English Sheepdog, Doberman Pincher, Boxer, Samoyed.&nbsp;
-*Rarely seen as a single defect in dogs & cats
+Atrial septal defects occur when the interatrial septum is not completely formed or the foramen ovale has failed to close. The resulting patency between the atria allows shunting of blood.&nbsp;Normally small atrial septal defects cause blood to travel from the higher pressure conditions in the left side to the lower pressure conditions in the right side. However, larger defects cause pulmonary hypertension with or without pulmonic stenosis causes shunting to occur in either both directions or from right to left.&nbsp;Left to Right shunting can cause blood volume overload of the right atrium, right ventricle, and pulmonary circulation. Right to Left shunting can cause blood volume overload of the left atrium. Eisenmenger's physiology is when left to right shunts create pulmonary overcirculation. Pulmonary overcirculation leads to gross changes in the pulmonary vasculature causing an increased pulmonary vascular resistance and the development of pulmonary hypertension. Right ventricular pressures are elevated as a result making shunts reverse when the pressure on the right side of the heart exceeds that of the left. Deoxygenated blood is then able to access the peripheral circulation. Cyanosis is a direct effect of this phenomenon.&nbsp;Atrial septal defects are normally located higher in the septum with dogs and lower in the septum with cats.&nbsp;Cats with low atrial septal defects are likely to have an endocardial cushion defect complex.
-===Description===
+== Clinical Signs ==
-*Atrial septal defects occur when the interatrial septum is not completely formed or the foramen ovale has failed to close. The resulting patency between the atria allows shunting of blood.
+Often no clinical signs are detected. There may be signs of exercise intolerance, dyspnea, syncope, cyanosis (right to left shunting). Signs of heart failure may be present such as ascites (right sided heart failure), dyspnea, peripheral edema and pleural effusion.&nbsp;
-*Right to Left shunting can cause blood volume overload of the left atrium
+== Diagnosis ==
-*Eisenmenger's physiology= Left to right shunts create pulmonary overcirculation. Pulmonary overcirculation leads to gross changes in the pulmonary vasculature causing an increased pulmonary vascular resistance and the development of pulmonary hypertension. Right ventricular pressures are elevated as a result making shunts reverse when the pressure on the right side of the heart exceeds that of the left. Deoxygenated blood is then able to access the peripheral circulation. Cyanosis is a direct effect of this phenomenon.
+History and clinical signs are indicative of heart failure.&nbsp;
-*Atrial septal defects are normally located higher in the septum with dogs and lower in the septum with cats
+Upon physical examination a soft systolic murmur around left heart base (due to pulmonic stenosis) may be heard as well as a soft systolic murmur around pulmonic and tricuspid valves (usually heard due to increased blood flow) and a soft diastolic murmur on right side (tricuspid stenosis; RARE).
-*Cats with low atrial septal defects are likely to have an endocardial cushion defect complex
+On radiographic examination, often there will be no findings. Occasionally you may see right atrial and ventricular enlargement. There may or mayy not be pulmonary artery enlargement and pulmonary overcirculation.
-===Diagnosis===
+Echocardiographic Findings may show right atrial and ventricular dilation and a septal defect. Doppler exam will document abnormal flow through defect.
--Often no clinical signs are detected
+Electrocardiographic (ECG) will show a normal result or pattern of right ventricular enlargement.
--Syncope
+== Treatment ==
--Cyanosis (right to left shunting)
+Usually treatment is not necessary with small atrial septal defects. You can treat right sided congestive heart failure when present. Severe atrial septal defects may need pulmonary artery banding (decreases pulmonary blood flow and therefore volume overload), but this procedure is often only palliative
-*dyspnea
+== Prognosis ==
-*peripheral edema
+Depends on the severity of the atrial septal defect and any other additional defects.
-*pleural effusion
+<br>
-====Physical Exam====
+== <br> ==
-'''Heart Murmurs'''
+[[Category:Cardiovascular_System_-_Developmental_Pathology]] [[Category:To_Do_-_Kate]] [[Category:Cardiac_Diseases_-_Dog]] [[Category:Cardiac_Diseases_-_Cat]] [[Category:Cardiac_Diseases_-_Horse]] [[Category:Cardiac_Diseases_-_Cattle]] [[Category:Cardiac_Diseases_-_Pig]]

← Older revision		Revision as of 19:24, 17 January 2011
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	[[Category:Cardiac Diseases - Dog]][[Category:Cardiac Diseases - Cat]][[Category:Cardiac Diseases - Horse]]		[[Category:Cardiac Diseases - Dog]][[Category:Cardiac Diseases - Cat]][[Category:Cardiac Diseases - Horse]]
	[[Category:Cardiac Diseases - Cattle]]		[[Category:Cardiac Diseases - Cattle]]
		+	[[Category:Cardiac Diseases - Pig]]

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:34, 17 January 2011
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	[[Category:To_Do_-_Cardiovascular]]		[[Category:To_Do_-_Cardiovascular]]
	[[Category:Cardiac Diseases - Dog]][[Category:Cardiac Diseases - Cat]][[Category:Cardiac Diseases - Horse]]		[[Category:Cardiac Diseases - Dog]][[Category:Cardiac Diseases - Cat]][[Category:Cardiac Diseases - Horse]]
		+	[[Category:Cardiac Diseases - Cattle]]

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 [[Category:Cardiovascular System - Developmental Pathology]]
 [[Category:To_Do_-_Cardiovascular]]
-[[Category:Cardiac Diseases - Dog]][[Category:Cardiac Diseases - Cat]][[Category:Cardiovascular Diseases - Horse]]
+[[Category:Cardiac Diseases - Dog]][[Category:Cardiac Diseases - Cat]][[Category:Cardiac Diseases - Horse]]