Autoimmune Diseases - Introduction - Revision history

Bara at 17:17, 17 March 2012

2012-03-17T17:17:12Z

Bara at 17:02, 22 February 2011

2011-02-22T17:02:27Z

Bara: Text replace - "Type IV Hypersensitivity - WikiBlood" to "Type IV Hypersensitivity"

2010-08-18T13:21:56Z

Text replace - "Type IV Hypersensitivity - WikiBlood" to "Type IV Hypersensitivity"

Bara: Text replace - "Type III Hypersensitivity - WikiBlood" to "Type III Hypersensitivity"

2010-08-18T13:20:18Z

Text replace - "Type III Hypersensitivity - WikiBlood" to "Type III Hypersensitivity"

Bara: Text replace - "Type II Hypersensitivity - WikiBlood" to "Type II Hypersensitivity"

2010-08-18T13:19:41Z

Text replace - "Type II Hypersensitivity - WikiBlood" to "Type II Hypersensitivity"

Bara at 15:08, 12 August 2010

2010-08-12T15:08:36Z

Bara at 15:15, 11 August 2010

2010-08-11T15:15:28Z

Bara: /* Environmental factors */

2010-08-11T15:01:23Z

Environmental factors

Bara at 15:01, 11 August 2010

2010-08-11T15:01:06Z

Bara: Created page with "==Introduction== '''Autoimmune disease''' is defined as ''a disease state characterised by a specific antibody or cell mediated response against the body's own tissues ('self' a..."

2010-08-11T14:48:48Z

Created page with "==Introduction== '''Autoimmune disease''' is defined as ''a disease state characterised by a specific antibody or cell mediated response against the body's own tissues ('self' a..."

New page

==Introduction==

'''Autoimmune disease''' is defined as ''a disease state characterised by a specific antibody or cell mediated response against the body's own tissues ('self' antigens).

The breakdown of [[Immune Tolerance - WikiBlood|tolerance]] to self antigens and the failure to regulate pathological immune responses are both responsible for autoimmune diseases. It has been shown in mice that thymectomy causes autoimmune disease, and plays a very important role in the recognition of 'self'.

Particular individuals may be more susceptible to autoimmune diseases due to:

===Genetic factors===

Many autoimmune diseases have a familiar component and the Human Leucocyte Antigen (HLA) haplotype is the predominant genetic factor, however having a particular HLA haplotype does not automatically result in the development of an autoimmune disease.

* HLA-DR3/DR4 (MHC Class II):
1. Diabetes Mellitus

2. Rheumatoid Arthritis

* HLA-B27 (MHC Class I):
1. Ankylosing spondylitis

* TNF alpha

* CTLA-4

===Hormonal factors===

Testosterone is protective against Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) and thus it is not seen in males.

===Environmental factors===

'''''Infection'''''

1. Molecular mimicry

* Some bacteria and viruses have antigens that resemble host-cell components and the body can then also initiate an immune response against itself.

2. Polyclonal activation

* T and B cells activation can occur as a result of an infection resulting in polyclonal activation. This can then cause autoreactive autoantibodies or mediate autoimmunity.

3. Inappropriate MHC expression

* Autoreactive T cells are activated because infection stimulates APC and upregulates MHC class II.

'''''Diet'''''

'''''Stress'''''

{| border="1" cellpadding="2"
!width="150"|
!width="150"|Antibody mediated
!width="50"|Antibody mediated
!width="200"|Cell mediated
|-
| '''Type of hypersensitivity''' || [[Type II Hypersensitivity - WikiBlood|Type II]] || [[Type III Hypersensitivity - WikiBlood|Type III]] || [[Type IV Hypersensitivity - WikiBlood|Type IV]]
|-
| '''Pathogenesis''' || Antibody to cell surface or matrix antigens || Antibody to soluble self antigens || T cell and macrophage activation to self antigens
|-
| '''Examples of diseases''' || [[Immune Mediated Haemolytic Anaemia|Immune mediated haemolytic anaemia (IMHA) || [[Systemic Lupus Erythematosus]] (SLE) || Rheumatoid arthritis
|-
| || [[Immune Mediated Thrombocytopaenia|Immune mediated thrombocytopaenia (IMTP)]]|| || [[Diabetes Mellitus]] type 1
|-
| || [[Myasthenia Gravis|Myasthenia gravis]] || || Hypothyroidism (lymphocytic throiditis)
|-
| || [[Pemphigus Vulgaris]] || || Hypoadrenocorticism (Addisons disease)
|-
| || [[Bullous pemphigoid]] || ||
|}

[[Category:Autoimmune Diseases]]

@@ Line 69: / Line 69: @@
 |   || [[Bullous Pemphigoid]]  ||  ||
 |}
+<br><br>
 [[Category:Autoimmune Diseases]]

@@ Line 65: / Line 65: @@
 |   || [[Myasthenia Gravis|Myasthenia gravis]]  ||  || [[Hypothyroidism]] (lymphocytic throiditis)
 |-
-|   || [[Pemphigus Vulgaris]]  ||  || [[Hypoadrenocorticism]] (Addisons disease)
+|   || [[Pemphigus]]  ||  || [[Hypoadrenocorticism]] (Addisons disease)
 |-
 |   || [[Bullous Pemphigoid]]  ||  ||

@@ Line 55: / Line 55: @@
 !width="200"|Cell mediated
 |-
-| '''Type of hypersensitivity''' || [[Type II Hypersensitivity|Type II]] || [[Type III Hypersensitivity|Type III]] || [[Type IV Hypersensitivity - WikiBlood|Type IV]]
+| '''Type of hypersensitivity''' || [[Type II Hypersensitivity|Type II]] || [[Type III Hypersensitivity|Type III]] || [[Type IV Hypersensitivity|Type IV]]
 |-
 | '''Pathogenesis''' || Antibody to cell surface or matrix antigens  || Antibody to soluble self antigens || T cell and macrophage activation to self antigens

@@ Line 3: / Line 3: @@
 '''Autoimmune disease''' is defined as ''a disease state characterised by a specific antibody or cell mediated response against the body's own tissues ('self' antigens).
-The breakdown of [[Immune Tolerance - WikiBlood|tolerance]] to self antigens and the failure to regulate pathological immune responses are both responsible for autoimmune diseases. It has been shown in mice that thymectomy causes autoimmune disease, and plays a very important role in the recognition of 'self'.
+The breakdown of [[Immune Tolerance|tolerance]] to self antigens and the failure to regulate pathological immune responses are both responsible for autoimmune diseases. It has been shown in mice that thymectomy causes autoimmune disease, and plays a very important role in the recognition of 'self'.
 Particular individuals may be more susceptible to autoimmune diseases due to:

@@ Line 63: / Line 63: @@
 |   || [[Immune Mediated Thrombocytopaenia|Immune mediated thrombocytopaenia (IMTP)]]||                          || [[Diabetes Mellitus]] type 1
 |-
-|   || [[Myasthenia Gravis|Myasthenia gravis]]  ||  || Hypothyroidism (lymphocytic throiditis)
+|   || [[Myasthenia Gravis|Myasthenia gravis]]  ||  || [[Hypothyroidism]] (lymphocytic throiditis)
 |-
-|   || [[Pemphigus Vulgaris]]  ||  || Hypoadrenocorticism (Addisons disease)
+|   || [[Pemphigus Vulgaris]]  ||  || [[Hypoadrenocorticism]] (Addisons disease)
 |-
 |   || [[Bullous Pemphigoid]]  ||  ||

@@ Line 59: / Line 59: @@
 | '''Pathogenesis''' || Antibody to cell surface or matrix antigens  || Antibody to soluble self antigens || T cell and macrophage activation to self antigens
 |-
-| '''Examples of diseases''' || [[Immune Mediated Haemolytic Anaemia|Immune mediated haemolytic anaemia (IMHA)  || [[Systemic Lupus Erythematosus]] (SLE) || Rheumatoid arthritis
+| '''Examples of diseases''' || [[Immune Mediated Haemolytic Anaemia|Immune mediated haemolytic anaemia (IMHA)  || [[Systemic Lupus Erythematosus]] (SLE) || [[Rheumatoid Arthritis]]
 |-
 |   || [[Immune Mediated Thrombocytopaenia|Immune mediated thrombocytopaenia (IMTP)]]||                          || [[Diabetes Mellitus]] type 1