Avian Infectious Bronchitis - Revision history

Bara at 12:24, 17 August 2012

2012-08-17T12:24:49Z

Bara: Text replace - "Category:CABI Expert Review Completed" to "Category:CABI Expert Review CompletedCategory:CABI AHPC Pages"

2012-04-13T15:08:41Z

Text replace - "Category:CABI Expert Review Completed" to "Category:CABI Expert Review Completed Category:CABI AHPC Pages"

Bara at 17:35, 22 December 2011

2011-12-22T17:35:01Z

Bara at 08:27, 3 September 2011

2011-09-03T08:27:17Z

HelenD at 08:08, 25 August 2011

2011-08-25T08:08:08Z

HelenD at 06:37, 24 August 2011

2011-08-24T06:37:00Z

Bara: /* References */

2011-08-12T13:33:04Z

References

Bara at 12:57, 15 June 2011

2011-06-15T12:57:42Z

Bara at 12:53, 15 June 2011

2011-06-15T12:53:54Z

Lwyasm1 at 08:54, 15 June 2011

2011-06-15T08:54:00Z

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 {{Podcasts
 |link = http://media.bloomsburymediacloud.org/podcasts/wikivet-english/avian-infectious-bronchitis}}
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 }}
 [[Category:Respiratory Diseases - Birds]]

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 [[Category:Avian Viruses]]
 [[Category:Coronaviridae]]
-[[Category:CABI Expert Review Completed]]
+[[Category:CABI Expert Review Completed]][[Category:CABI AHPC Pages]]

← Older revision		Revision as of 17:35, 22 December 2011
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		+	{{Podcasts
		+	\|link = http://media.bloomsburymediacloud.org/podcasts/wikivet-english/avian-infectious-bronchitis}}
	Also Known As: '''''Infectious Bronchitis'''''		Also Known As: '''''Infectious Bronchitis'''''

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 <br><br>
-This article was reviewed by Prof Dave Cavanagh BSc, PhD, DSc on 23/08/11.
+{{Dave Cavanagh
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 [[Category:Avian Viruses]]
 [[Category:Coronaviridae]]
-[[Category:CABI Expert Review]]
+[[Category:CABI Expert Review Completed]]

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 ==References==
-<references/>
+Cavanagh, D. and Gelb Jr, J. (2008) '''Infectious Bronchitis'''. In: '''Diseases of Poultry, 12th Edition''' (eds. Saif, Y.M., Fadly A.M., Glissen J.R., McDougald L.R., Nolan L.K., Swayne D.E.) ''Wiley-Blackwell'', pp 117-135
 Animal Health & Production Compendium, '''Avian Infectious Bronchitis datasheet''', accessed 04/06/2011 @ http://www.cabi.org/ahpc/
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 |date = 25/06/2011
 }}
-<br><br><br>
+<br><br>
 [[Category:Respiratory Diseases - Birds]]
 [[Category:Avian Viruses]]
 [[Category:Coronaviridae]]
 [[Category:CABI Expert Review]]

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-Also Known As: '''''Infectious Coryza''''' — '''''Infectious Bronchitis''''' — '''''Infectious Proventriculitis''''' — '''''Avian Infectious Nephrosis'''''
+Also Known As: '''''Infectious Bronchitis'''''
-Caused By: '''''Avian Infectious Bronchitis Virus'' '''also know as:''' ''AIBV'' — ''ICTV'' — ''IBV'' — ''AIB'' — ''IB'''''
+Caused By: '''''Avian Infectious Bronchitis Virus'' '''also know as:''' ''AIBV'' — ''IBV'' — ''AIB'' — ''IB'''''
 ==Introduction==
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 IBV is transmitted mainly by '''aerosols''' and also by contaminated people/vehicles/equipment.
-It can become '''latent''' in a bird and recrudesce with '''stress''', e.g. at point of lay.
+It can become '''persistent''' in a bird and recrudesce with '''stress''', e.g. at point of lay.
 ==Signalment==
-Chickens, pigeons and pheasants are affected.
+Chickens are the only known natural host of IBV. Other birds are affected by genetically similar yet distinct avian coronaviruses.
 Disease is most severe in chicks.
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 '''Reduced weight gain''' or '''egg production''' and reluctance to move is often the first indicator of disease.
-'''Mortality''' often occurs due to secondary infection, particularly due to [[Escherichia coli|''E. coli'']] and [[:Category:Mycoplasmas|''Mycoplasma'']] infections. Mortality is highest in intensively reared broiler flocks.
+'''Mortality''' often occurs due to secondary infection, particularly due to [[Escherichia coli|''E. coli'']] and [[:Category:Mycoplasmas|''Mycoplasma'']] infections.
 Respiratory Signs:
-:'''Sneezing, Coughing, Dyspnoea''', Ingesta present in respiratory passages, Nasal discharge, Abnormal lung sounds on auscultation
+:'''Sneezing, coughing, dyspnoea, tracheal rales''', ingesta present in respiratory passages, nasal discharge, abnormal lung sounds on auscultation
 Alimentary and Urinary Signs:
-:'''Diarrhoea, dehydration''', polydipsia
+:'''Wet droppings, dehydration''', polydipsia
 :'''Polyuria, Pollakiuria'''
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 :Conjunctival congestion and increased lacrimation or ocular discharge
 :'''Soft egg shells''', thin albumin and watery yolks
 ==Diagnosis==
-In the acute phase, '''viral isolation''' can be attempted from eggs, tracheal swabs or tracheal/lung biopsies.
+In the acute phase, '''viral isolation''' can be attempted from tracheal swabs or tracheal/lung biopsies.
 If more than one week after initial infection, caecal tonsils or cloacal swabs are more reliable.
-'''RT-PCR''' can be performed on buccal or oropharyngeal swabs but will not differentiate live from dead virus isolate.
+'''RT-PCR''' can be performed on buccal or oropharyngeal swabs.
 '''Agar Gel Precipitation''' and '''Immunofluorescent Antibody''' (IFAT) tests can also be used to detect the virus.
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 The kidneys are '''pale and swollen''' and tubules distended with '''urates''' if nephritis is also present. Heterophilic inflammation and degeneration may be evident.
-Detection of '''viral antibodies''' is also valuable in surveillance, monitoring of vaccination and identification of latently infected birds. This can be performed using [[Immunodiffusion|'''Agar Gel Immunodiffusion''' (AGID)]] , [[ELISA testing |ELISA]], Virus Neutralisation (VN) and [[Agglutination|Haemagglutination-Inhibition (HI)]].
+Detection of '''viral antibodies''' is also valuable in surveillance and monitoring of vaccination. This can be performed using [[Immunodiffusion|'''Agar Gel Immunodiffusion''' (AGID)]] , [[ELISA testing |ELISA]], Virus Neutralisation (VN) and [[Agglutination|Haemagglutination-Inhibition (HI)]].
 RT-PCR, VN and HI can also be used to type IBV isolates.
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 ==Control==
-'''Live and Killed IBV vaccines''' are available and widely used but cross-protection is poor and numerous serotypes exist so disease is not always prevented. Vaccinations can be administered as intra-muscular injections or sprays. Killed vaccines used alone do not induce immunity and therefore live vaccines are required to prime immunity first.
+'''Live and Killed IBV vaccines''' are available and widely used but cross-protection is poor and numerous serotypes exist so disease is not always prevented. Vaccinations can be administered as intra-muscular injections (killed vaccines) or sprays/drinking water (live vaccines). Killed vaccines used alone do not induce immunity and therefore live vaccines are required to prime immunity first.
-Good '''biosecurity''' and '''hygiene''' protocols are imperative to control of this highly contagious disease. Particular efforts should be made with respect to '''ventilation''' and '''air quality'''.
+Good '''biosecurity''' and '''hygiene''' protocols are imperative to control this highly contagious disease. Particular efforts should be made with respect to '''ventilation''' and '''air quality'''.

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:33, 12 August 2011
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	Animal Health & Production Compendium, '''Avian Infectious Bronchitis datasheet''', accessed 04/06/2011 @ http://www.cabi.org/ahpc/		Animal Health & Production Compendium, '''Avian Infectious Bronchitis datasheet''', accessed 04/06/2011 @ http://www.cabi.org/ahpc/

		+	{{CABI source
		+	\|datasheet = [http://www.cabi.org/ahpc/?compid=3&dsid=92907&loadmodule=datasheet&page=2144&site=160 avian infectious bronchitis] and [http://www.cabi.org/ahpc/?compid=3&dsid=92904&loadmodule=datasheet&page=2144&site=160 avian infectious bronchitis virus]
		+	\|date = 25/06/2011
		+	}}
		+	<br><br><br>

	{{review}}		{{review}}