Avian Nephritis - Revision history

Bara at 12:25, 17 August 2012

2012-08-17T12:25:40Z

Bara: Text replace - "Category:CABI Expert Review Completed" to "Category:CABI Expert Review CompletedCategory:CABI AHPC Pages"

2012-04-13T15:08:48Z

Text replace - "Category:CABI Expert Review Completed" to "Category:CABI Expert Review Completed Category:CABI AHPC Pages"

Bara at 17:36, 22 December 2011

2011-12-22T17:36:24Z

Bara at 23:09, 24 September 2011

2011-09-24T23:09:25Z

HelenD at 08:14, 25 August 2011

2011-08-25T08:14:25Z

HelenD at 06:40, 24 August 2011

2011-08-24T06:40:55Z

Bara: /* References */

2011-08-18T23:15:03Z

References

Bara: /* References */

2011-08-15T10:31:48Z

References

Bara at 13:36, 12 August 2011

2011-08-12T13:36:00Z

Bara: /* References */

2011-08-12T13:34:58Z

References

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 {{Podcasts
 |link = http://media.bloomsburymediacloud.org/podcasts/wikivet-english/avian-nephritis
@@ Line 76: / Line 77: @@
 }}
 [[Category:Astroviridae]]

@@ Line 79: / Line 79: @@
 [[Category:Astroviridae]]
 [[Category:Urological Diseases - Birds]][[Category:Alimentary Diseases - Birds]]
-[[Category:CABI Expert Review Completed]]
+[[Category:CABI Expert Review Completed]][[Category:CABI AHPC Pages]]
 [[Category:Avian Viruses]]

← Older revision		Revision as of 17:36, 22 December 2011
Line 1:		Line 1:
		+	{{Podcasts
		+	\|link = http://media.bloomsburymediacloud.org/podcasts/wikivet-english/avian-nephritis
		+	}}
	Also Known As: '''''Baby Chick Nephropathy — BCN'''''		Also Known As: '''''Baby Chick Nephropathy — BCN'''''

@@ Line 69: / Line 69: @@
 <br><br>
-This article was reviewed by Prof Dave Cavanagh BSc, PhD, DSc on 23/08/11.
+{{Dave Cavanagh
 [[Category:Astroviridae]]
 [[Category:Urological Diseases - Birds]][[Category:Alimentary Diseases - Birds]]
-[[Category:CABI Expert Review]]
+[[Category:CABI Expert Review Completed]]
 [[Category:Avian Viruses]]

@@ Line 27: / Line 27: @@
 Disease is more severe when combined with '''other immunosuppressive agents''' such as [[Infectious Bursal Disease]] and also with cold stress and poor nutrition.
-In cases of '''baby chick nephropathy''', incidence peaks at ~5 days of age, and mortality rates may rise to 6%. This condition is thought to occur at a low level in most broiler flocks and is exacerbated by many factors.<ref>Jones, B. A. H (1992) '''Avian nephritis virus'''. Publication - ''Veterinary Continuing Education, Massey University'', No. 147:53-58; [Proceedings Solvay chicken health course, Massey University, 1992]; 12</ref>
+In cases of '''baby chick nephropathy''', incidence peaks at ~5 days of age, and mortality rates may rise to 6%. This condition is thought to occur at a low level in most broiler flocks and is exacerbated by many factors.
 ==Diagnosis==
@@ Line 47: / Line 47: @@
 Maternal antibodies are usually protective so immunisation of breeding hens is potentially possible but no vaccine is available despite experimental success. This is due to the economic impact of AN being unclear, and knowledge of avian astroviruses insufficient, and therefore investment seeming unjustified.
-An '''all-in-all-out policy''', thorough emptying of sheds between batches and formaldehyde disinfection have all been demonstrated to reduce incidence of AN and ISS.<ref>Reece, R, Frazier, J (1991) '''Infectious stunting syndrome breakthrough'''. ''Poultry International,'' Nov:16-24.</ref>
+An '''all-in-all-out policy''', thorough emptying of sheds between batches and formaldehyde disinfection have all been demonstrated to reduce incidence of AN and ISS.
 Reducing exposure to cold weather, dehydration, transport, overcrowding and other diseases which may be immunosuppressive are also key to prevention of AN.
@@ Line 57: / Line 57: @@
 ==References==
-<references/>
+Gough, R.E. and McNulty, M.S. (2007) '''Astroviridae'''. In: '''Poultry Diseases, 6th Edition''' (eds. Pattison, M., McMullin, P., Bradbury, J., Alexander, D.) ''Saunders, Elsevier'', pp 392-398
 {{CABI source
@@ Line 63: / Line 67: @@
 |date = 20/06/2011
 }}
-<br><br><br>
+<br><br>
 [[Category:Astroviridae]]
 [[Category:Urological Diseases - Birds]][[Category:Alimentary Diseases - Birds]]
 [[Category:CABI Expert Review]]
 [[Category:Avian Viruses]]

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-Also Known As: '''''Baby Chick Nephritis — BCN — Infectious Stunting Syndrome — ISS'''''
+Also Known As: '''''Baby Chick Nephropathy — BCN'''''
 Caused By: Avian Nephritis Virus (ANV)
 ==Introduction==
-Avian nephritis is caused by an '''RNA [[:Category:Astroviridae|astrovirus]]''' and affects '''solely chickens.'''
+Avian nephritis is caused by an '''[[:Category:Astroviridae|astrovirus]]''' and affects '''solely chickens.'''
 ==Distribution==
@@ Line 29: / Line 27: @@
 Disease is more severe when combined with '''other immunosuppressive agents''' such as [[Infectious Bursal Disease]] and also with cold stress and poor nutrition.
-In cases of '''baby chick nephropathy''', incidence peaks at ~5 days of age, and mortality rates may rise to 6%. This condition is thought to occur at a low level in most broiler flocks and is merely exacerbated by many factors.<ref>Jones, B. A. H (1992) '''Avian nephritis virus'''. Publication - ''Veterinary Continuing Education, Massey University'', No. 147:53-58; [Proceedings Solvay chicken health course, Massey University, 1992]; 12</ref>
+In cases of '''baby chick nephropathy''', incidence peaks at ~5 days of age, and mortality rates may rise to 6%. This condition is thought to occur at a low level in most broiler flocks and is exacerbated by many factors.<ref>Jones, B. A. H (1992) '''Avian nephritis virus'''. Publication - ''Veterinary Continuing Education, Massey University'', No. 147:53-58; [Proceedings Solvay chicken health course, Massey University, 1992]; 12</ref>
 ==Diagnosis==
@@ Line 35: / Line 33: @@
 '''Smears of kidney tissue''' can be fixed onto slides and '''[[immunofluorescence]] or immunohistochemistry''' can be used to demonstrate viral antigens.
-Faeces and liver can also be used for viral isolation. Viral presence can be confirmed by immunofluorescence or neutralisation.
+Faeces and liver can also be used for viral detection. Viral presence can also be confirmed by immunofluorescence, neutralisation and RT-PCR.
 Serological tests comprise of '''virus neutralisation, [[ELISA testing|ELISA]] and indirect immunofluorescence''', of which neutralisation is the most sensitive and can be used from one week after initial infection. Antibodies to ANV are however often an incidental finding.
@@ Line 47: / Line 45: @@
 ==Control==
-Maternal antibodies are usually protective so immunisation of breeding hens is potentially possible but no vaccine is available despite experimental success. This is due to the economic impact of AN being unknown and therefore investment seeming unjustified.
+Maternal antibodies are usually protective so immunisation of breeding hens is potentially possible but no vaccine is available despite experimental success. This is due to the economic impact of AN being unclear, and knowledge of avian astroviruses insufficient, and therefore investment seeming unjustified.
 An '''all-in-all-out policy''', thorough emptying of sheds between batches and formaldehyde disinfection have all been demonstrated to reduce incidence of AN and ISS.<ref>Reece, R, Frazier, J (1991) '''Infectious stunting syndrome breakthrough'''. ''Poultry International,'' Nov:16-24.</ref>

← Older revision		Revision as of 10:31, 15 August 2011
Line 71:		Line 71:
	[[Category:Urinary Diseases - Birds]][[Category:Alimentary Diseases - Birds]]		[[Category:Urinary Diseases - Birds]][[Category:Alimentary Diseases - Birds]]
	[[Category:CABI Expert Review]]		[[Category:CABI Expert Review]]
		+	[[Category:Avian Viruses]]