B cell differentiation - Revision history

Bara at 16:17, 2 July 2012

2012-07-02T16:17:33Z

2012-05-24T09:54:14Z

Class switching

2012-05-24T09:52:56Z

Introduction

2012-05-11T15:11:10Z

Class switching

2012-05-11T15:10:28Z

Introduction

2012-05-11T15:07:19Z

Introduction

2012-05-11T15:06:22Z

Introduction

2012-03-16T16:03:45Z

2011-08-03T09:00:28Z

Appearance

2010-09-27T16:00:29Z

Memory cells

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 [[Image:B-cell immunity.jpg|thumb|right|250pxl|B-cell differentiation - B. Catchpole, RVC 2008]]
 ==Introduction==
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 <br><br>
 {{Jim Bee 2007}}
 [[Category:Lymphocytes|C]]
 [[Category:Adaptive Immune System]]

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 ===Class switching===
 <p>Initially plasma cell produce [[Immunoglobulin M|Immunoglobulin M (IgM)]] however this is not always the most appropriate Ig to be produced and therefore stimulation by [[Lymphocytes#Helper CD4+|T cells]] and interleukins causes the plasma cells to undergo class switching to produce different classes of Immunoglobulins.
-*In mucosal B cells plasma cells CD40 interaction (with TH<sub>2</sub> CD40L) and Il-10 stimulates class switching to [[Immunoglobulin A|IgA]]
+*In mucosal B cells plasma cells CD40 interaction (with T<sub>H</sub>2 CD40L) and Il-10 stimulates class switching to [[Immunoglobulin A|IgA]]
 *[[Eosinophils|Eosinophils]] produce Il-13 which promotes class switching to [[Immunoglobulin E|IgE]]</p>
 <p>Plasma cells produced in the first immune response to an antigen are mainly of the class IgM whereas those produced from memory cells in the second immune response are mainly of the [[Immunoglobulin G|IgG]] class.</p>

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 ==Introduction==
 <p>Mature [[B cells]] that undergo stimulation by an antigen undergo class switching, and differentiate into either '''plasma''' or '''memory''' cells. </p>
-<p>In the paracortex region of the [[Lymph Nodes - Anatomy & Physiology|lymph node]] binding to [[Major_Histocompatability_Complexes#MHC_II|MHC II]] in the presence of IL-4 produced by the [[Lymphocytes#Helper CD4+|CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells]] (TH<sub>2</sub> type) causes the B cells to differentiate; most will become plasma cells, however a small number will become memory cells.</p>
+<p>In the paracortex region of the [[Lymph Nodes - Anatomy & Physiology|lymph node]] binding to [[Major_Histocompatability_Complexes#MHC_II|MHC II]] in the presence of IL-4 produced by the [[Lymphocytes#Helper CD4+|CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells]] (T<sub>H</sub>2 type) causes the B cells to differentiate; most will become plasma cells, however a small number will become memory cells.</p>
 Follicular dendritic cells present in the germinal centers of peripheral lymphoid organs can absorb intact antigen onto their surface to present to B cells to stimulate differentiation.

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 ===Class switching===
 <p>Initially plasma cell produce [[Immunoglobulin M|Immunoglobulin M (IgM)]] however this is not always the most appropriate Ig to be produced and therefore stimulation by [[Lymphocytes#Helper CD4+|T cells]] and interleukins causes the plasma cells to undergo class switching to produce different classes of Immunoglobulins.
-*In mucosal B cells plasma cells CD40 interaction (with Th2 CD40L) and Il-10 stimulates class switching to [[Immunoglobulin A|IgA]]
+*In mucosal B cells plasma cells CD40 interaction (with TH<sub>2</sub> CD40L) and Il-10 stimulates class switching to [[Immunoglobulin A|IgA]]
 *[[Eosinophils|Eosinophils]] produce Il-13 which promotes class switching to [[Immunoglobulin E|IgE]]</p>
 <p>Plasma cells produced in the first immune response to an antigen are mainly of the class IgM whereas those produced from memory cells in the second immune response are mainly of the [[Immunoglobulin G|IgG]] class.</p>

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 ==Introduction==
 <p>Mature [[B cells]] that undergo stimulation by an antigen undergo class switching, and differentiate into either '''plasma''' or '''memory''' cells. </p>
-<p>In the paracortex region of the [[Lymph Nodes - Anatomy & Physiology|lymph node]] binding to [[Major_Histocompatability_Complexes#MHC_II|MHC II]] in the presence of IL-4 produced by the [[Lymphocytes#Helper CD4+|CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells]] (TH<sub>2<sub/> type) causes the B cells to differentiate; most will become plasma cells, however a small number will become memory cells.</p>
+<p>In the paracortex region of the [[Lymph Nodes - Anatomy & Physiology|lymph node]] binding to [[Major_Histocompatability_Complexes#MHC_II|MHC II]] in the presence of IL-4 produced by the [[Lymphocytes#Helper CD4+|CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells]] (TH<sub>2</sub> type) causes the B cells to differentiate; most will become plasma cells, however a small number will become memory cells.</p>
 Follicular dendritic cells present in the germinal centers of peripheral lymphoid organs can absorb intact antigen onto their surface to present to B cells to stimulate differentiation.

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 ==Plasma cells==
 ===Appearance===
-<p>Plasma cells are oval, around 9µm and have a round prominent nucleus. The cytoplasm is extensive and strongly basophilic when stained. It contains large amounts of rough endoplasmic reticulum and the Golgi apparatus is large and appears as a clear crescent-shaped structure near the nucleus. Some plasma cells accumulate considerable quantities of, perhaps abnormal, antibody and this appears as a large eosinophilic blob filling the cytoplasm and displacing the nucleus to one side. These blobs are called "Russell Bodies".</p>
+<p>Plasma cells are oval, around 9µm and have a round prominent nucleus. The cytoplasm is extensive and strongly basophilic when stained. It contains large amounts of rough endoplasmic reticulum and the Golgi apparatus is large and appears as a clear crescent-shaped structure near the nucleus. Some plasma cells, known as '''"Mott cells"''', accumulate considerable quantities of, perhaps abnormal, antibody and this appears as a large eosinophilic blob filling the cytoplasm and displacing the nucleus to one side. These blobs are called '''"Russell Bodies"'''.</p>
 ===Function===

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 ==Memory cells==
-<p>The differentiated cells that remain in the cortex become memory cells and these proliferate and form germinal centres in the [[Lymph Nodes - Anatomy & Physiology|lymph node]].</p>
+<p>The differentiated B cells that remain in the cortex become memory cells and these proliferate and form germinal centres in the [[Lymph Nodes - Anatomy & Physiology|lymph node]].</p>
 <p>Memory cells are long lived and responsible for long term immunity providing the immune system with a memory of previously encountered antigens. When they experience an antigen again they proliferate and differentiate into plasma cells. This response produces up to ten times more plasma cells than the original exposure to the antigen and is why the second immune response to an antigen is both more rapid and much stronger than the first response.</p>