Bones - Horse Anatomy - Revision history

Fiorecastro at 17:30, 7 December 2022

2022-12-07T17:30:35Z

Bara at 18:27, 16 November 2012

2012-11-16T18:27:19Z

Lwilkie at 11:44, 15 October 2012

2012-10-15T11:44:46Z

Lwilkie: /* Thoracic Limb */

2012-10-14T21:58:21Z

Thoracic Limb

Lwilkie at 21:55, 14 October 2012

2012-10-14T21:55:54Z

Bara: moved Equine Bones - Anatomy & Physiology to Bones - Horse Anatomy

2012-10-11T18:07:14Z

moved Equine Bones - Anatomy & Physiology to Bones - Horse Anatomy

Lwilkie: /* Phalanges */

2012-10-11T16:35:24Z

Phalanges

Lwilkie: /* Thoracic Limb */

2012-10-11T16:33:03Z

Thoracic Limb

Lwilkie: /* Phalanges */

2012-10-11T16:25:34Z

Phalanges

Lwilkie: /* Thoracic Limb */

2012-10-11T16:02:10Z

Thoracic Limb

← Older revision		Revision as of 17:30, 7 December 2022
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	}}		}}

		+	==Webinars==
		+	<rss max="10" filter="equine" highlight="none">https://www.thewebinarvet.com/orthopaedics/webinars/feed</rss>

	[[Category:Horse Anatomy]]		[[Category:Horse Anatomy]]

← Older revision		Revision as of 18:27, 16 November 2012
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	\|dragster = [[Equine Skeletal Anatomy Dragster resource\|Equine Skeleton]]<br>[[:Category:Equine Pelvic Limb Dragster\|Equine Hindlimb Resources]]		\|dragster = [[Equine Skeletal Anatomy Dragster resource\|Equine Skeleton]]<br>[[:Category:Equine Pelvic Limb Dragster\|Equine Hindlimb Resources]]
	}}		}}
		+
		+
		+	[[Category:Horse Anatomy]]

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 {{unfinished}}
 ==Thoracic Limb==
 ===[[Forelimb - Anatomy & Physiology#Scapula|Scapula]]===
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 Within the equine '''[[Hindlimb - Anatomy & Physiology#Ilium|ilium]]''', the '''tuber coxae''' is visible and an important palpable landmark. The '''iliac crest''' is thin and concave whilst the '''ileal wing''' is orientated in an vertical manner. The '''[[Hindlimb - Anatomy & Physiology#Pubis|pubis]]''' has a '''pubic groove''' that crosses the ventral surface of the iliopubic eminence towards the acetabulum. In the groove lies the accessory ligament of the head of the femur. Specifically in the stallion, a dorsal pubic tubercle exists. The '''[[Hindlimb - Anatomy & Physiology#Ischium|ischium]]''' has an '''ischial tuberosity''' that is linear in shape whilst the '''ischial arch''' is shallow and irregular. The '''[[Hindlimb - Anatomy & Physiology#Femur|femur]]''' has a notched femoral head that is wedge-shaped and opens towards the medial side of the head. The '''greater trochanter''' extends beyond the the dorsal limit of the femoral head. The horse has an extra process called the '''third trochanter''' that is situated on the lateral aspect of the proximal third of the shaft and allows the superficial gluteal muscle to insert here. The caudal distal aspect of the femoral shaft is hollowed out forming the '''supracondylar fossa''' providing a larger area of origin for the superficial digital flexor muscle. The medial trochlear ridge is larger than lateral trochlear ridge and has a protuberance projecting proximally.
 {{Learning
 |dragster = [[Equine Skeletal Anatomy Dragster resource|Equine Skeleton]]<br>[[:Category:Equine Pelvic Limb Dragster|Equine Hindlimb Resources]]
 }}

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 <br>
 ===[[Equine - Anatomy & Physiology#Phalanges|Phalanges]]===
 ==Pelvic Limb==

← Older revision		Revision as of 21:55, 14 October 2012
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	Within the equine '''[[Hindlimb - Anatomy & Physiology#Ilium\|ilium]]''', the '''tuber coxae''' is visible and an important palpable landmark. The '''iliac crest''' is thin and concave whilst the '''ileal wing''' is orientated in an vertical manner. The '''[[Hindlimb - Anatomy & Physiology#Pubis\|pubis]]''' has a '''pubic groove''' that crosses the ventral surface of the iliopubic eminence towards the acetabulum. In the groove lies the accessory ligament of the head of the femur. Specifically in the stallion, a dorsal pubic tubercle exists. The '''[[Hindlimb - Anatomy & Physiology#Ischium\|ischium]]''' has an '''ischial tuberosity''' that is linear in shape whilst the '''ischial arch''' is shallow and irregular. The '''[[Hindlimb - Anatomy & Physiology#Femur\|femur]]''' has a notched femoral head that is wedge-shaped and opens towards the medial side of the head. The '''greater trochanter''' extends beyond the the dorsal limit of the femoral head. The horse has an extra process called the '''third trochanter''' that is situated on the lateral aspect of the proximal third of the shaft and allows the superficial gluteal muscle to insert here. The caudal distal aspect of the femoral shaft is hollowed out forming the '''supracondylar fossa''' providing a larger area of origin for the superficial digital flexor muscle. The medial trochlear ridge is larger than lateral trochlear ridge and has a protuberance projecting proximally.		Within the equine '''[[Hindlimb - Anatomy & Physiology#Ilium\|ilium]]''', the '''tuber coxae''' is visible and an important palpable landmark. The '''iliac crest''' is thin and concave whilst the '''ileal wing''' is orientated in an vertical manner. The '''[[Hindlimb - Anatomy & Physiology#Pubis\|pubis]]''' has a '''pubic groove''' that crosses the ventral surface of the iliopubic eminence towards the acetabulum. In the groove lies the accessory ligament of the head of the femur. Specifically in the stallion, a dorsal pubic tubercle exists. The '''[[Hindlimb - Anatomy & Physiology#Ischium\|ischium]]''' has an '''ischial tuberosity''' that is linear in shape whilst the '''ischial arch''' is shallow and irregular. The '''[[Hindlimb - Anatomy & Physiology#Femur\|femur]]''' has a notched femoral head that is wedge-shaped and opens towards the medial side of the head. The '''greater trochanter''' extends beyond the the dorsal limit of the femoral head. The horse has an extra process called the '''third trochanter''' that is situated on the lateral aspect of the proximal third of the shaft and allows the superficial gluteal muscle to insert here. The caudal distal aspect of the femoral shaft is hollowed out forming the '''supracondylar fossa''' providing a larger area of origin for the superficial digital flexor muscle. The medial trochlear ridge is larger than lateral trochlear ridge and has a protuberance projecting proximally.
		+
		+	{{Learning
		+	\|dragster = [[Equine Skeletal Anatomy Dragster resource\|Equine Skeleton]]<br>[[:Category:Equine Pelvic Limb Dragster\|Equine Hindlimb Resources]]
		+	}}

← Older revision	Revision as of 18:07, 11 October 2012
(No difference)

@@ Line 25: / Line 25: @@
 Only Metacarpal III ('''cannon bone''') remains complete whilst metacarpals II and IV are greatly reduced and are known as the '''splint bones'''. Metacarpal III has a distal articular surface with two condylar areas separated by a '''sagittal ridge'''. This separates the two sesamoids on the palmar aspect of the joint and ensures only sagittal movement of the fetlock. There is also a transverse ridge leading to two radii of curvature. The proximal part has articulating facets on its palmar side where the splint bones articulate. It has a '''metacarpal tuberosity''' on the dorsomedial surface of the proximal end. The splint bones are held to metacarpal III by strong ligaments which are usually ossified and can lead to lameness if there is excessive bone production. They curve away distally from the main shaft and end in palpable nodules 2/3rds to 3/4s the way down the cannon bone.
 <br>
-===[[Forelimb - Anatomy & Physiology#Phalanges|Phalanges]]===
+===[[Equine - Anatomy & Physiology#Phalanges|Phalanges]]===
 '''''Proximal Phalanx'''''

@@ Line 29: / Line 29: @@
 '''''Proximal Phalanx'''''
-The proximal phalanx proximally has two shallow articular surfaces separated by a small sagittal groove. Distally there are two convex areas separated by a sagittal groove.
+The proximal phalanx is shaped like an hourglass and is wider proximally than distally. Proximally, it has two shallow articular surfaces separated by a small sagittal groove; the medial cavity is larger than the lateral cavity. Distally there are two convex areas separated by a sagittal groove.
 '''''Middle Phalanx'''''
@@ Line 37: / Line 37: @@
 '''''Distal Phalanx'''''
-The distal phalanx is rounded to a point distally. The proximal articular surface has two concavities separated by a ridge. The palmar border meets with the distal sesamoid bone. The dorsal aspect has a marked '''extensor process''', where the common digital extensor attaches. The solar surface has two distinct areas, the more palmar area is the roughened flexor surface and the remainder is smooth, concave and crescent-shaped. The parietal surface of the distal phalanx is that which conforms to the hoof wall. It is rough, porous and has processes on each side heading in a palmar direction. The ungual (collateral) cartilages attach to these processes, they are squarish plates which are palpable above the level of the hoof. They become more fibrous in life and may ossify.
+The distal phalanx is rounded to a point distally.
 '''''Distal Sesamoid (Navicular) Bone'''''

@@ Line 6: / Line 6: @@
 The spine of the scapular ends in a bony prominence ventrally, known as the '''acromion'''. In the horse, this structure becomes smaller distally. A second bony prominence, the '''tuberosity''', exists dorsal to the middle of the scapular spine.
 ===[[Forelimb - Anatomy & Physiology#Humerus|Humerus]]===
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 *The '''lesser tubercle''' is divided into two parts.
 *The '''teres major tuberosity''' is found on the medial shaft, just proximal to its middle.
 ===[[Forelimb - Anatomy & Physiology#Radius and Ulna|Radius and Ulna]]===
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 #Proximally (mediolaterally):radial, intermediate, ulnar and accessory bones.
 #Distally: 1st carpal bone is small or absent, II-IV are all present.
 ===[[Forelimb - Anatomy & Physiology#Metacarpals and Metatarsals|Metacarpals and Metatarsals]]===
 Horses are '''perissodactyl''' '''unguligrade''' animals. Unguligrade means that horse's bear their weight on a horny covering (hoof) that surrounds their distal phalanx, perissodactyl means that they have only one weight-bearing digit. They are virtually identical in their structure in the hindlimb and forelimb. The main differences are in the forelimb we have metacarpals and the metacarpophalangeal joint, the hindlimb equivalents are the metatarsals and the metatarsophalangeal joint. Also in anatomical planes we use the term palmar for forelimb and plantar for hindlimb. These terms are all interchangable in the below article depending on whether you want to talk about the fore or hindlimb.