Bovine Ephemeral Fever - Revision history

Bara at 12:29, 17 August 2012

2012-08-17T12:29:25Z

Bara: Text replace - "Category:CABI Expert Review Completed" to "Category:CABI Expert Review CompletedCategory:CABI AHPC Pages"

2012-04-13T15:09:01Z

Text replace - "Category:CABI Expert Review Completed" to "Category:CABI Expert Review Completed Category:CABI AHPC Pages"

Bara at 17:57, 22 December 2011

2011-12-22T17:57:10Z

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2011-08-06T23:08:53Z

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2011-08-06T23:00:43Z

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2011-07-18T16:06:29Z

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2011-07-18T15:59:00Z

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2011-07-18T15:05:26Z

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HelenD at 09:54, 9 July 2011

2011-07-09T09:54:10Z

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2011-06-19T20:52:21Z

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 {{Podcasts
 |link = http://media.bloomsburymediacloud.org/podcasts/wikivet-english/bovine-ephemeral-fever
@@ Line 84: / Line 85: @@
 {{Joe Brownlie
 |date = July 8, 2011}}
 [[Category:Alimentary Diseases - Cattle]][[Category:Reproductive Diseases - Cattle]][[Category:Neurological Diseases - Cattle]]
 [[Category:Rhabdoviridae]][[Category:Cattle Viruses]]
 [[Category:Joe Brownlie reviewed]]
 [[Category:CABI Expert Review Completed]][[Category:CABI AHPC Pages]]

@@ Line 87: / Line 87: @@
 [[Category:Rhabdoviridae]][[Category:Cattle Viruses]]
 [[Category:Joe Brownlie reviewed]]
-[[Category:CABI Expert Review Completed]]
+[[Category:CABI Expert Review Completed]][[Category:CABI AHPC Pages]]

← Older revision		Revision as of 17:57, 22 December 2011
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		+	{{Podcasts
		+	\|link = http://media.bloomsburymediacloud.org/podcasts/wikivet-english/bovine-ephemeral-fever
		+	}}
	Also Known As: ''''' BEF — Lazy Man’s Disease — Stiff Sickness — 3 day Sickness — Dragon Boat Disease — Vil — Bovine Epizootic Fever — Stiffsiekte (South Africa)'''''		Also Known As: ''''' BEF — Lazy Man’s Disease — Stiff Sickness — 3 day Sickness — Dragon Boat Disease — Vil — Bovine Epizootic Fever — Stiffsiekte (South Africa)'''''

@@ Line 73: / Line 73: @@
 <references/>
 {{CABI source
-|datasheet 1 = [http://www.cabi.org/ahpc/Default.aspx?site=160&page=2144&LoadModule=datasheet&CompID=3&dsID=91708 Bovine Ephemeral Fever] and [http://www.cabi.org/ahpc/?compid=3&dsid=91736&loadmodule=datasheet&page=2144&site=160 Bovine Emphemeral Fever Virus]
+|datasheet = [http://www.cabi.org/ahpc/Default.aspx?site=160&page=2144&LoadModule=datasheet&CompID=3&dsID=91708 Bovine Ephemeral Fever] and [http://www.cabi.org/ahpc/?compid=3&dsid=91736&loadmodule=datasheet&page=2144&site=160 Bovine Emphemeral Fever Virus]
 |date = 16/06/2011
 }}

@@ Line 72: / Line 72: @@
 ==References==
 <references/>
-Animal Health & Production Compendium, '''Bovine Ephemeral Fever datasheet''', accessed 16/06/2011 @ http://www.cabi.org/ahpc/
+{{CABI source
+|datasheet 1 = [http://www.cabi.org/ahpc/Default.aspx?site=160&page=2144&LoadModule=datasheet&CompID=3&dsID=91708 Bovine Ephemeral Fever] and [http://www.cabi.org/ahpc/?compid=3&dsid=91736&loadmodule=datasheet&page=2144&site=160 Bovine Emphemeral Fever Virus]
-Animal Health & Production Compendium, '''Bovine Ephemeral Fever Virus datasheet''', accessed 16/06/2011 @ http://www.cabi.org/ahpc/
+|date = 16/06/2011

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-Also Known As: ''''' BEF — Dengue Fever — Lazy Man’s Disease — Stiff Sickness — 3 day Sickness — Dragon Boat Disease — Vil — Bovine Epizootic Fever — Stiffsiekte (South Africa)'''''
+Also Known As: ''''' BEF — Lazy Man’s Disease — Stiff Sickness — 3 day Sickness — Dragon Boat Disease — Vil — Bovine Epizootic Fever — Stiffsiekte (South Africa)'''''
 Caused By: '''''Bovine Ephemeral Fever Virus — BEFV'''''
 ==Introduction==
-Bovine Ephemeral Fever is a '''[[Viruses|viral]] disease''' causing fever, dehydration, [[:Category:Alimentary Diseases - Cattle|gastrointestinal]], [[:Category:Reproductive Diseases - Cattle|reproductive]] and [[:Category:Neurological Diseases - Cattle|neurological]] disease in '''cattle'''. The pathogen involved is a [[Rhabdoviridae|rhabdovirus]].
+Bovine Ephemeral Fever is caused by an RNA virus – a [[Rhabdoviridae|rhabdovirus]].  Typically there is a sudden onset of fever with a sudden milk drop.  It is transmitted rapidly with evident lameness, depression and often anorexia.  Recovery is often rapid – 3 day fever.  Morbidity can be up to 100% but mortality  is low (1-2%).
-Due to its geographical distribution and association with heavy precipitation, BEF often occurs simultaneously with '''epizootics of [[Rift Valley Fever]].'''
+Due to its geographical distribution and association with heavy precipitation, BEF can occur simultaneously with '''epizootics of [[Rift Valley Fever]].'''
 BEF is not zoonotic.
@@ Line 27: / Line 27: @@
 Lymphadenopathy may be a feature as well as '''stiffness and lameness''' in the limbs with tremors/spasms and possible recumbency.
-Gastrointestinal disease may present as '''hypomotility''' and constipation or [[Diarrhoea|diarrhoea]]. Pregnant cattle may '''abort and infertility''' can occur in either sex. Cows may develop agalactia.
+Gastrointestinal disease may present as '''hypomotility''' and constipation but occasionally there can be [[Diarrhoea|diarrhoea]]. Pregnant cattle may '''abort''' whilst '''infertility''' can occur in either sex. Cows may develop agalactia.
 Other signs may include dullness, depression, lethargy and coma in severe cases. Some animals develop '''respiratory''' disease and '''subcutaneous emphysema, oedema and crepitation'''.
-Hot weather increases mortality in epidemics.
+Hot, moist weather increases mortality in epidemics.
@@ Line 40: / Line 40: @@
 '''''Severe''''' – lateral recumbency, paralysis, reflex loss, subcutaneous emphysema, tachycardia and tachypnoea, mortalities. Residual paralysis may remain after resolution of fever.
-Viraemia usually lasts '''3-5 days''' after which recovery and natural immunity are life-long.
+Viraemia usually lasts '''3-5 days''' after which recovery is rapid and natural immunity is long lasting.
 ==Diagnosis==
 Diagnosis is often based on '''clinical observations''' of various stages of disease present simultaneously and '''history''' of sudden onset outbreaks on the farm or neighbouring units.
-'''Isolation of virus from blood''' taken during '''pyrexic phase''' is most efficient laboratory method of diagnosis. The virus can be identified by '''[[immunofluorescence]] or immunostaining.'''
+'''Isolation of virus from blood''' taken during '''pyrexic phase''' is the gold standard laboratory method of diagnosis, but is demanding. Molecular diagnosis is preferred these days. The virus can also be identified by '''[[immunofluorescence]] or immunostaining.'''
 A '''rising antibody titre''' when sampled during fever and 2 weeks later is also confirmatory.
-On post-mortem, only generalised inflammatory changes are evident with neutrophilic infiltration of tissues and muscle necrosis. Straw coloured fibrinous fluid is often present in several cavities.
+On post-mortem, generalised inflammatory changes are evident with neutrophilic infiltration of tissues and muscle necrosis. Straw coloured fibrinous fluid is often present in several cavities.
 ==Treatment==
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 ==Control==
-'''Vaccines''' are available in Japan, Australia and South Africa. Annual boosters are essential to maintain immunity. All are too '''expensive''' for use in developing countries.
+'''Vaccines''' are available in Japan, Australia and South Africa. Annual boosters are essential to maintain immunity. All are '''expensive''' for use in developing countries.
 Vector control is theoretical and almost impossible. Quarantine also has no impact upon local spread due to vector transmission. '''Movement regulations''' vary with country and time and should be adhered to.
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 [[Category:Rhabdoviridae]][[Category:Cattle Viruses]]
 [[Category:CABI Expert Review]]