Bovine Freemartinism - Revision history

Bara at 14:43, 9 May 2011

2011-05-09T14:43:12Z

Bara at 09:16, 12 April 2011

2011-04-12T09:16:46Z

Bara: /* FREEMARTIN SYNDROME (i.e. Chimeras) */

2011-04-12T09:16:10Z

FREEMARTIN SYNDROME (i.e. Chimeras)

Bara at 09:13, 12 April 2011

2011-04-12T09:13:33Z

Bara: /* Diagnosis */

2011-02-15T13:18:44Z

Diagnosis

Bara: moved Bovine Freemartinism - Anatomy & Physiology to Bovine Freemartinism

2010-12-16T14:29:35Z

moved Bovine Freemartinism - Anatomy & Physiology to Bovine Freemartinism

Bara: moved Fertilisation, Implantation and Early Embryonic Development -Bovine Freemartinism - Anatomy & Physiology to Bovine Freemartinism - Anatomy & Physiology

2010-12-07T14:30:45Z

moved Fertilisation, Implantation and Early Embryonic Development -Bovine Freemartinism - Anatomy & Physiology to Bovine Freemartinism - Anatomy & Physiology

Bara at 14:30, 7 December 2010

2010-12-07T14:30:22Z

Bara: Text replace - "-_Anatomy_%26_Physiology" to "- Anatomy & Physiology"

2010-11-29T15:22:01Z

Text replace - "-_Anatomy_%26_Physiology" to "- Anatomy & Physiology"

Bara at 15:06, 22 August 2010

2010-08-22T15:06:29Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:43, 9 May 2011
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	[[Category:Reproductive Disorders]][[Category:Reproductive System - Developmental Pathology]][[Category:Reproductive Diseases - Cattle]]		[[Category:Reproductive Disorders]][[Category:Reproductive System - Developmental Pathology]][[Category:Reproductive Diseases - Cattle]]
−	[[Category:To Do - Reproductive]]	+	[[Category:To Do - Reproductive]][[Category:To Do - Major]]

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 ====FREEMARTIN SYNDROME (i.e. Chimeras)====
 *A freemartin is a masculinised female born co-twin with a normal male.
 *11/12 female calves born co-twin to a male will be freemartins.

← Older revision		Revision as of 09:16, 12 April 2011
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	[[Category:Reproductive Disorders]][[Category:Reproductive System - Developmental Pathology]][[Category:Reproductive Diseases - Cattle]]		[[Category:Reproductive Disorders]][[Category:Reproductive System - Developmental Pathology]][[Category:Reproductive Diseases - Cattle]]
		+	[[Category:To Do - Reproductive]]

← Older revision		Revision as of 09:13, 12 April 2011
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	* Ovaries are usually small, cord-like thickenings in the ovarian ligament are semniferous tubules.		* Ovaries are usually small, cord-like thickenings in the ovarian ligament are semniferous tubules.

		+	====FREEMARTIN SYNDROME (i.e. Chimeras)====
		+	*A freemartin is a masculinised female born co-twin with a normal male.
		+	*11/12 female calves born co-twin to a male will be freemartins.
		+	*Mainly recognised in cattle, but occurs in sheep, goats and pigs.

−	[[Category:Reproductive Disorders]]	+	*During foetal development placental anastomosis allows blood to be shared by the twins (anastamosis occurs in 90% of bovine twins, <2% in other species).
		+	*Each twin acquires genetically distinct population of blood cells from the other twin - CHIMERISM.
		+	*Blood tests can be used to demonstrate different chromosome complement in nucleated WBC and presence of two blood groups in each twin.
		+
		+	'''Aetiology:'''
		+	Testes develop earlier in embryonic life than ovaries and impair normal female development by the production of TDF, MIS and testosterone which enters the female twins circulation via the placental anastomosis.
		+
		+	'''Consequences:'''
		+	#Paramesonephric (Mullerian) ducts do not form or atrophy.
		+	#Mesonephric (Wolffian) ducts persist in the female twin and may form rudimentary male tubular genitalia.
		+
		+	'''Morphological features:'''
		+	#External genitalia may appear relatively normal - condition only detected at puberty or
		+	#Enlarged clitoris, long tufts of hair round vulva, skin fold from groin to umbilicus.
		+	#Vulva and vestibule patent but vestibule or vagina is blind-ended - can be checked using speculum or probe.
		+	#Vagina never communicates with uterus. Uterus variably under developed - fibrous cords or non-patent tubes.
		+	#Ovaries are usually small, cord-like thickenings in the ovarian ligament  seminiferous tubules.
		+
		+
		+
		+	[[Category:Reproductive Disorders]][[Category:Reproductive System - Developmental Pathology]][[Category:Reproductive Diseases - Cattle]]

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 * Chimerism (XX/XY) of [[Haematopoiesis - Overview|haematopoeitic cells]].  Blood tests can be used to demonstrate different chromosome complement in nucleated leukocytes and presence of two blood groups in each twin.
 * Rectal palpation and vaginoscopy reveal a shortened vagina
-** In calves 1-4 weeks old, the [[/Female_Reproductive_Tract_-The_Vagina/Vestibule_- Anatomy & Physiology|vagina]] is normally 13-15cm in length compared to 5-6cm in a freemartin.
+** In calves 1-4 weeks old, the vagina is normally 13-15cm in length compared to 5-6cm in a freemartin.
-* Vulva and vestibule patent but [[/Female_Reproductive_Tract_-The_Vagina/Vestibule_- Anatomy & Physiology|vestibule or vagina]] is blind-ended - can be checked using speculum or probe.
+* Vulva and vestibule patent but vestibule or vagina is blind-ended - can be checked using speculum or probe.
 == Morphology ==

← Older revision	Revision as of 14:29, 16 December 2010
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← Older revision	Revision as of 14:30, 7 December 2010
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← Older revision		Revision as of 14:30, 7 December 2010
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−	~~{{toplink~~
−	~~\|backcolour =EED2EE~~
−	~~\|linkpage =Reproductive System - Anatomy & Physiology~~
−	~~\|linktext =Reproductive System~~
−	~~\|maplink = Reproductive System (Content Map) - Anatomy & Physiology~~
−	~~\|sublink1=Reproductive System - Anatomy & Physiology#Fertilisation.2C Implantation and Early Embryonic Development~~
−	~~\|subtext1=FERTILISATION , IMPLANTATION AND EARLY EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT~~
−	~~\|sublink2=Fertilisation, Implantation and Early Embryonic Development -Sexual Differentiation- Anatomy & Physiology~~
−	~~\|subtext2=SEXUAL DIFFERENTIATION~~
−	}}
−	~~<br>~~
	== Aetiology ==		== Aetiology ==

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−	[[Category:Reproductive ~~System~~]]	+	[[Category:Reproductive Disorders]]

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 |linktext =Reproductive System
 |maplink = Reproductive System (Content Map) - Anatomy & Physiology
 |sublink1=Reproductive System - Anatomy & Physiology#Fertilisation.2C Implantation and Early Embryonic Development
 |subtext1=FERTILISATION , IMPLANTATION AND EARLY EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT
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 * Fibrous cords or non-patent  uterine tubes.
 * Ovaries are usually small, cord-like thickenings in the ovarian ligament are semniferous tubules.