Bovine Immunodeficiency Virus - Revision history

Bara at 13:25, 9 May 2011

2011-05-09T13:25:11Z

Bara: Text replace - "Category:Expert Review - Farm Animal" to "Category:Brian Aldridge reviewing"

2011-03-02T12:26:11Z

Text replace - "Category:Expert Review - Farm Animal" to "Category:Brian Aldridge reviewing"

Bara: /* References */

2011-02-26T16:13:15Z

References

Bara at 15:51, 17 January 2011

2011-01-17T15:51:29Z

Bara: /* References */

2011-01-10T19:00:56Z

References

Bara at 18:08, 16 November 2010

2010-11-16T18:08:48Z

Bara: /* Diagnosis */

2010-11-16T18:06:18Z

Diagnosis

Bara at 18:05, 16 November 2010

2010-11-16T18:05:13Z

Kbaldwin: /* Pathogenesis */

2010-11-16T13:45:42Z

Pathogenesis

Kbaldwin: /* References */

2010-11-16T13:41:16Z

References

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-{{review}}
+==Introduction==
 Bovine Imunodeficiency Virus (BIV) is a [[:Category:Lentiviruses|Lentivirus]] (non-oncogenic), a genus of the [[:Category:Retroviridae|''Retroviridae'' family]]. BIV causes a persistent viral infection in cattle, and has been reported in the US, Canada,Europe, Pakistan, Korea, Japan, New Zealand, Australia and several other countries. The virus is morphologically, antigenetically and genetically related to HIV. It was first isolated in 1969 from a cow with a wasting syndrome.
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 * Merck & Co (2008) '''The Merck Veterinary Manual (Eighth Edition)''' ''Merial''
 * Quinn, P.J., Markey, B.K., Carter, M.E., Donnelly, W.J., Leonard, F.C. (2007) '''Veterinary Microbiology and Microbial Disease''' ''Blackwell Publishing''
-*Marie-Claude St-Louis, Mihaela Cojocariu and Denis Archambault (2004). The molecular biology of bovine immunodeficiency virus: a comparison with other lentiviruses. '''Animal Health Research Reviews''' 5, pp 125-143
+*Marie-Claude St-Louis, Mihaela Cojocariu and Denis Archambault (2004). '''The molecular biology of bovine immunodeficiency virus: a comparison with other lentiviruses. '''''Animal Health Research Reviews'' 5, pp 125-143
-*Walder R, Kalvatchev Z, Tobin GJ, Barrios MN, Garzaro DJ, Gonda MA. (1995). Possible role of bovine immunodeficiency virus in bovine paraplegic syndrome: evidence from immunochemical, virological and seroprevalence studies.'''Research in Virology''' 146(5) pp 313-23.
+*Walder R, Kalvatchev Z, Tobin GJ, Barrios MN, Garzaro DJ, Gonda MA. (1995).''' Possible role of bovine immunodeficiency virus in bovine paraplegic syndrome: evidence from immunochemical, virological and seroprevalence studies.'''''Research in Virology'' 146(5) pp 313-23.
 [[Category:Secondary Immunodeficiency]][[Category:Immunological Diseases - Cattle]][[Category:Neurological Diseases - Cattle]][[Category:Cattle Viruses]][[Category:Lentiviruses]][[Category:Brian Aldridge reviewing]]

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:26, 2 March 2011
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	*Walder R, Kalvatchev Z, Tobin GJ, Barrios MN, Garzaro DJ, Gonda MA. (1995). Possible role of bovine immunodeficiency virus in bovine paraplegic syndrome: evidence from immunochemical, virological and seroprevalence studies.'''Research in Virology''' 146(5) pp 313-23.		*Walder R, Kalvatchev Z, Tobin GJ, Barrios MN, Garzaro DJ, Gonda MA. (1995). Possible role of bovine immunodeficiency virus in bovine paraplegic syndrome: evidence from immunochemical, virological and seroprevalence studies.'''Research in Virology''' 146(5) pp 313-23.

−	[[Category:Secondary Immunodeficiency]][[Category:Immunological Diseases - Cattle]][[Category:Neurological Diseases - Cattle]][[Category:Cattle Viruses]][[Category:Lentiviruses]][[Category:~~Expert Review - Farm Animal~~]]	+	[[Category:Secondary Immunodeficiency]][[Category:Immunological Diseases - Cattle]][[Category:Neurological Diseases - Cattle]][[Category:Cattle Viruses]][[Category:Lentiviruses]][[Category:Brian Aldridge reviewing]]

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:13, 26 February 2011
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	*Walder R, Kalvatchev Z, Tobin GJ, Barrios MN, Garzaro DJ, Gonda MA. (1995). Possible role of bovine immunodeficiency virus in bovine paraplegic syndrome: evidence from immunochemical, virological and seroprevalence studies.'''Research in Virology''' 146(5) pp 313-23.		*Walder R, Kalvatchev Z, Tobin GJ, Barrios MN, Garzaro DJ, Gonda MA. (1995). Possible role of bovine immunodeficiency virus in bovine paraplegic syndrome: evidence from immunochemical, virological and seroprevalence studies.'''Research in Virology''' 146(5) pp 313-23.

−	[[Category:Secondary Immunodeficiency]][[Category:Immunological Diseases - Cattle]][[Category:Neurological Diseases - Cattle]][[Category:Cattle Viruses]][[Category:Lentiviruses]][[Category:~~Expert_Review~~]]	+	[[Category:Secondary Immunodeficiency]][[Category:Immunological Diseases - Cattle]][[Category:Neurological Diseases - Cattle]][[Category:Cattle Viruses]][[Category:Lentiviruses]][[Category:Expert Review - Farm Animal]]

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:51, 17 January 2011
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	*Walder R, Kalvatchev Z, Tobin GJ, Barrios MN, Garzaro DJ, Gonda MA. (1995). Possible role of bovine immunodeficiency virus in bovine paraplegic syndrome: evidence from immunochemical, virological and seroprevalence studies.'''Research in Virology''' 146(5) pp 313-23.		*Walder R, Kalvatchev Z, Tobin GJ, Barrios MN, Garzaro DJ, Gonda MA. (1995). Possible role of bovine immunodeficiency virus in bovine paraplegic syndrome: evidence from immunochemical, virological and seroprevalence studies.'''Research in Virology''' 146(5) pp 313-23.

−	[[Category:Secondary Immunodeficiency]][[Category:~~Lymphoreticular and Haematopoietic~~ Diseases - Cattle]][[Category:Neurological Diseases - Cattle]][[Category:Cattle Viruses]][[Category:Lentiviruses]][[Category:Expert_Review]]	+	[[Category:Secondary Immunodeficiency]][[Category:Immunological Diseases - Cattle]][[Category:Neurological Diseases - Cattle]][[Category:Cattle Viruses]][[Category:Lentiviruses]][[Category:Expert_Review]]

← Older revision		Revision as of 19:00, 10 January 2011
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	*Walder R, Kalvatchev Z, Tobin GJ, Barrios MN, Garzaro DJ, Gonda MA. (1995). Possible role of bovine immunodeficiency virus in bovine paraplegic syndrome: evidence from immunochemical, virological and seroprevalence studies.'''Research in Virology''' 146(5) pp 313-23.		*Walder R, Kalvatchev Z, Tobin GJ, Barrios MN, Garzaro DJ, Gonda MA. (1995). Possible role of bovine immunodeficiency virus in bovine paraplegic syndrome: evidence from immunochemical, virological and seroprevalence studies.'''Research in Virology''' 146(5) pp 313-23.

−	[[Category:Secondary Immunodeficiency]][[Category:Cattle]][[Category:Lentiviruses]][[Category:Expert_Review]]	+	[[Category:Secondary Immunodeficiency]][[Category:Lymphoreticular and Haematopoietic Diseases - Cattle]][[Category:Neurological Diseases - Cattle]][[Category:Cattle Viruses]][[Category:Lentiviruses]][[Category:Expert_Review]]

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 ==Treatment and Control==
 The Incidence of Bovine immunodeficiency virus appears to be low (1%) although can reach >15 % in some herds. Due to the unknown prevalence of the virus in most herds, prevention and control methods are not widely practiced. Treatment is symptomatic.
 ==References==

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 ==Diagnosis==
-There are difficulties in the isolation of BIV from clinical cases. Serological tests such as [[immunoflorescence]] and [[western blot]] have been used to identify the virus although virus isolation from these cases has been unsuccessful. Diagnosis by '''PCR''' remains the most sensitive test at present.
+There are difficulties in the isolation of BIV from clinical cases. Serological tests such as [[immunofluorescence]] and [[western blot]] have been used to identify the virus although virus isolation from these cases has been unsuccessful. Diagnosis by '''PCR''' remains the most sensitive test at present.
 ==Treatment and Control==

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-{{Unfinished}}
+{{review}}
 ==Description==
-Bovine Imunodeficiency Virus (BIV) is a Lentivirus (non-oncogenic), a genus of the ''Retroviridae'' family. BIV causes a persistent viral infection in cattle, and has been reported in the US, Canada,Europe, Pakistan, Korea, Japan, New Zealand, Australia and several other countries. The virus is morphologically, antigenetically and genetically related to HIV. It was first isolated in 1969 from a cow with a wasting syndrome.
+Bovine Imunodeficiency Virus (BIV) is a [[:Category:Lentiviruses|Lentivirus]] (non-oncogenic), a genus of the [[:Category:Retroviridae|''Retroviridae'' family]]. BIV causes a persistent viral infection in cattle, and has been reported in the US, Canada,Europe, Pakistan, Korea, Japan, New Zealand, Australia and several other countries. The virus is morphologically, antigenetically and genetically related to HIV. It was first isolated in 1969 from a cow with a wasting syndrome.
 ==Pathogenesis==
-BIV has a broad cell tropism and causes a mild lymphoproliferative disorder with low viral titres and no reproducible disease sequelae. As a lentivirus it is able to integrate into the host genome and replicate within macrophages. It is associated with a long uncubation period. The mechanism of transfer is not well known,but the following possibilites are being researched :
+BIV has a broad cell tropism and causes a mild lymphoproliferative disorder with low viral titres and no reproducible disease sequelae. As a lentivirus it is able to integrate into the host genome and replicate within macrophages. It is associated with a long incubation period. The mechanism of transfer is not well known,but the following possibilities are being researched :
 * Transplacental
 * Transmammary
-* Vertical transfer through infected Semen (e.g. Artificial insemination)
+* Vertical transfer through infected semen (e.g. artificial insemination)
 ==Clinical Signs==
 The virus was originally isolated in 1969 from an 8 year old Holstein cow in the US with lymphocytosis and lymphadenopathy.
-Bovine immunodeficiency Virus has been associated with the folowing signs:
+Bovine immunodeficiency Virus has been associated with the following signs:
 * Decreased milk yield
 * Clinical immunodeficiency
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 * Skin infections
 * Emaciation
-Immunocompromised cattle, arising from BIV infection, can develop secondary diseases associated with stress (e.g. parturition or environmental conditions) or sytemic disease. It may also be responsible for a poor antibody response to viral vaccines in calves.
+Immunocompromised cattle, arising from BIV infection, can develop secondary diseases associated with stress (e.g. parturition or environmental conditions) or systemic disease. It may also be responsible for a poor antibody response to viral vaccines in calves.
 ==Diagnosis==
-There are difficulties in the isolation of BIV from clincial cases. Serological tests such as immunoflorescence and western blot have ben used to identify the virus although virus isolation from these cases has been unsuccessful. Diagnosis by PCR remains the most sensitive test at present.
+There are difficulties in the isolation of BIV from clinical cases. Serological tests such as [[immunoflorescence]] and [[western blot]] have been used to identify the virus although virus isolation from these cases has been unsuccessful. Diagnosis by '''PCR''' remains the most sensitive test at present.
 ==Treatment and Control==
-The Incidence of Bovine immunodeficiency virus appears to be low (1%) although can reach >15 % in some herds. Due to the unkown prevelance of the virus in most herds, prevention and control methods are not widely practiced. Treatment is symptomatic.
+The Incidence of Bovine immunodeficiency virus appears to be low (1%) although can reach >15 % in some herds. Due to the unknown prevalence of the virus in most herds, prevention and control methods are not widely practiced. Treatment is symptomatic.
 ==References==
 * Merck & Co (2008) '''The Merck Veterinary Manual (Eighth Edition)''' ''Merial''
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 *Walder R, Kalvatchev Z, Tobin GJ, Barrios MN, Garzaro DJ, Gonda MA. (1995). Possible role of bovine immunodeficiency virus in bovine paraplegic syndrome: evidence from immunochemical, virological and seroprevalence studies.'''Research in Virology''' 146(5) pp 313-23.
-[[Category:Secondary Immunodeficiency]][[Category:Cattle]][[Category:To_Do_-_Review]]
+[[Category:Secondary Immunodeficiency]][[Category:Cattle]][[Category:Lentiviruses]][[Category:Expert_Review]]