Cardiac Tamponade - Revision history

Bara at 14:43, 15 October 2013

2013-10-15T14:43:11Z

Bara at 17:34, 5 July 2012

2012-07-05T17:34:56Z

Bara at 13:02, 8 April 2011

2011-04-08T13:02:41Z

Kthompson at 14:31, 7 April 2011

2011-04-07T14:31:48Z

Bara at 13:00, 1 July 2010

2010-07-01T13:00:22Z

Bara at 10:54, 23 June 2010

2010-06-23T10:54:39Z

Bara: moved Cardiac Tamponade - Pathology to Cardiac Tamponade

2010-06-23T10:54:08Z

moved Cardiac Tamponade - Pathology to Cardiac Tamponade

A.allison at 23:31, 25 August 2008

2008-08-25T23:31:21Z

A.allison: New page: {{toplink |backcolour = FFADB9 |linkpage =Cardiorespiratory System - Pathology |linktext =Cardiorespiratory System |maplink = Cardiorespiratory System (Content Map) - Pathology |pagetype ...

2008-08-25T23:31:08Z

New page: {{toplink |backcolour = FFADB9 |linkpage =Cardiorespiratory System - Pathology |linktext =Cardiorespiratory System |maplink = Cardiorespiratory System (Content Map) - Pathology |pagetype ...

New page

{{toplink
|backcolour = FFADB9
|linkpage =Cardiorespiratory System - Pathology
|linktext =Cardiorespiratory System
|maplink = Cardiorespiratory System (Content Map) - Pathology
|pagetype =Pathology
|sublink1=Arterial Disease - Pathology
|subtext1=ARTERIAL DISEASE
|sublink1=Pericardial - Pathology
|subtext1=PERICARDIAL PATHOLOGY
}}
<br>
Cardiac tamponade develops when the intrapericardial pressure increases due to unchecked fluid accumulation within the pericardial sac. As the pericardium is fibrous and inelastic this fluid creates a compression on the heart. Intrapericardial compression leads to diastolic collapse of the right atrium and sometimes the right ventricle, decreased ventricular filling and a resultant decrease in cardiac output. This will lead to arterial hypotension.

Compensatorty mechanisms are activated by the failing heart and include:
*Sympathetic nervous system.
*Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system.

''Clinical Signs'' are predominantly those of right sided heart failure as the right chambers have thinner walls and so are more greatly affected by the raised intrapericardial pressure.
Clinical signs will include; ascites, hepatomegaly, splenomegaly, hepato-jugular reflux and venous distension due to raised central venous pressure etc.

Heart sounds are muffled or seem distant and a sinus tachycardia may be present.
Arterial pulses will be weak.
'''Pulsus paradoxus''': An exagerrated decline in arterial pulse pressure during inspiration, typical of a pericardial effusion.

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 == Introduction ==
 Cardiac tamponade is compression of the heart. It develops when the intrapericardial pressure increases due to unchecked fluid accumulation within the pericardial sac.  As the pericardium is fibrous and inelastic this fluid creates a compression on the heart.  Intrapericardial compression leads to diastolic collapse of the right atrium and sometimes the right ventricle, decreased ventricular filling and a resultant decrease in cardiac output.  This will lead to arterial hypotension.
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 <br>
 [[Category:Pericardial_Pathology]]
 [[Category:Expert_Review]]

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 == Introduction ==
 Cardiac tamponade is compression of the heart. It develops when the intrapericardial pressure increases due to unchecked fluid accumulation within the pericardial sac.  As the pericardium is fibrous and inelastic this fluid creates a compression on the heart.  Intrapericardial compression leads to diastolic collapse of the right atrium and sometimes the right ventricle, decreased ventricular filling and a resultant decrease in cardiac output.  This will lead to arterial hypotension.
 <br>
-Compensatorty mechanisms are activated by the failing heart and include the sympathetic nervous system and the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system.
+Compensatorty mechanisms are activated by the failing heart and include the sympathetic nervous system and the [[Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone System|renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system]].
 <br>
-Causes of cardiac tamponade include all pericardial diseases such as traumatic reticulitis- pericarditis in cattle, fibrinous pericarditis in pigs in 'Glassers disease' and hydropericardium due to congestive heart failure or mulberry heart disease in pigs. Sudden causes of cardiac tamponade and death occur in haemopericardium due to rupture of the intrapericardial section of the aorta. This occurs in horses spontaneously or in pigs due to copper deficiancy.
 <br>
 == Clinical Signs ==
-Clinical Signs are predominantly those of right sided heart failure as the right chambers have thinner walls and so are more greatly affected by the raised intrapericardial pressure.
+Clinical Signs are predominantly those of [[Heart Failure, Right-Sided|right sided heart failure]] as the right chambers have thinner walls and so are more greatly affected by the raised intrapericardial pressure.
 Signs will include ascites, hepatomegaly, splenomegaly, hepato-jugular reflux and venous distension due to raised central venous pressure etc. In severe circumstances sudden death may occur without clinical signs.
 <br>
 == Diagnosis ==
-On auscultation, heart sounds are muffled or seem distant and a sinus tachycardia may be present. Arterial pulses will be weak and there may be presence of pulsus paradoxus, which is an exagerrated decline in arterial pulse pressure during inspiration, typical of a pericardial effusion.
+On auscultation, heart sounds are muffled or seem distant and a sinus tachycardia may be present. Arterial pulses will be weak and there may be presence of '''pulsus paradoxus''', which is an exaggerated decline in arterial pulse pressure during inspiration, typical of a pericardial effusion.
 <br>
-Ultrsonography of the heart will reveal fluid in the pericardial sac and compression of the cardiac chambers.
 <br>
-Post mortem examination in cases of sudden death due to cardiac tamponade will reveal the cause such as blood in the pericardial sac.
 <br>
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 == References ==
-Andrews, A.H, Blowey, R.W, Boyd, H and Eddy, R.G. (2004) Bovine Medicine (Second edition), Blackwell Publishing.
+Andrews, A.H, Blowey, R.W, Boyd, H and Eddy, R.G. (2004) '''Bovine Medicine '''(Second edition), ''Blackwell Publishing''.
 <br>
-Cowart, R.P. and Casteel, S.W. (2001) An Outline of Swine diseases: a handbook, Wiley-Blackwell.
+Cowart, R.P. and Casteel, S.W. (2001) '''An Outline of Swine diseases: a handbook,''''' Wiley-Blackwell''.
 <br>
-Ettinger, S.J. and Feldman, E. C. (2000) Textbook of Veterinary Internal Medicine Diseases of the Dog and Cat Volume 2 (Fifth Edition), W.B. Saunders Company.
+Ettinger, S.J. and Feldman, E. C. (2000) '''Textbook of Veterinary Internal Medicine Diseases of the Dog and Cat''' Volume 2 (Fifth Edition),'' W.B. Saunders Company''.
 <br>
-Fossum, T. W. et. al. (2007) Small Animal Surgery (Third Edition), Mosby Elsevier.
+Fossum, T. W. et. al. (2007)''' Small Animal Surgery''' (Third Edition), ''Mosby Elsevier''.
 <br>
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 [[Category:Pericardial_Pathology]]
-[[Category:To_Do_-_Review]]
+[[Category:Expert_Review]]

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-Cardiac tamponade develops when the intrapericardial pressure increases due to unchecked fluid accumulation within the pericardial sac.  As the pericardium is fibrous and inelastic this fluid creates a compression on the heart.  Intrapericardial compression leads to diastolic collapse of the right atrium and sometimes the right ventricle, decreased ventricular filling and a resultant decrease in cardiac output.  This will lead to arterial hypotension.
+== Introduction ==
-Compensatorty mechanisms are activated by the failing heart and include:
+<br>
-''Clinical Signs'' are predominantly those of right sided heart failure as the right chambers have thinner walls and so are more greatly affected by the raised intrapericardial pressure.
+== Clinical Signs ==
-Clinical signs will include; ascites, hepatomegaly, splenomegaly, hepato-jugular reflux and venous distension due to raised central venous pressure etc.
+Clinical Signs are predominantly those of right sided heart failure as the right chambers have thinner walls and so are more greatly affected by the raised intrapericardial pressure.
 [[Category:Pericardial_Pathology]]
-[[Category:To_Do_-_Cardiovascular]]
+[[Category:To_Do_-_Review]]

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:00, 1 July 2010
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	Cardiac tamponade develops when the intrapericardial pressure increases due to unchecked fluid accumulation within the pericardial sac. As the pericardium is fibrous and inelastic this fluid creates a compression on the heart. Intrapericardial compression leads to diastolic collapse of the right atrium and sometimes the right ventricle, decreased ventricular filling and a resultant decrease in cardiac output. This will lead to arterial hypotension.		Cardiac tamponade develops when the intrapericardial pressure increases due to unchecked fluid accumulation within the pericardial sac. As the pericardium is fibrous and inelastic this fluid creates a compression on the heart. Intrapericardial compression leads to diastolic collapse of the right atrium and sometimes the right ventricle, decreased ventricular filling and a resultant decrease in cardiac output. This will lead to arterial hypotension.

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	[[Category:Pericardial_Pathology]]		[[Category:Pericardial_Pathology]]
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-{{toplink
 Cardiac tamponade develops when the intrapericardial pressure increases due to unchecked fluid accumulation within the pericardial sac.  As the pericardium is fibrous and inelastic this fluid creates a compression on the heart.  Intrapericardial compression leads to diastolic collapse of the right atrium and sometimes the right ventricle, decreased ventricular filling and a resultant decrease in cardiac output.  This will lead to arterial hypotension.
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 Arterial pulses will be weak.
 '''Pulsus paradoxus''': An exagerrated decline in arterial pulse pressure during inspiration, typical of a pericardial effusion.

← Older revision	Revision as of 10:54, 23 June 2010
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 |maplink = Cardiorespiratory System (Content Map) - Pathology
 |pagetype =Pathology
-|sublink1=Arterial Disease - Pathology
+|sublink2=Arterial Disease - Pathology
-|subtext1=ARTERIAL DISEASE
+|subtext2=ARTERIAL DISEASE
 |sublink1=Pericardial - Pathology
 |subtext1=PERICARDIAL PATHOLOGY