Category:Enteropathogenic and Enterotoxaemic Clostridia - Revision history

Bara at 10:35, 25 June 2010

2010-06-25T10:35:38Z

Bara at 11:11, 12 May 2010

2010-05-12T11:11:47Z

Bara at 11:11, 12 May 2010

2010-05-12T11:11:31Z

Bara at 11:10, 12 May 2010

2010-05-12T11:10:01Z

Bara at 11:08, 12 May 2010

2010-05-12T11:08:52Z

Bara at 11:07, 12 May 2010

2010-05-12T11:07:17Z

Bara at 11:05, 12 May 2010

2010-05-12T11:05:11Z

Bara at 11:04, 12 May 2010

2010-05-12T11:04:14Z

Bara: Created page with 'Category:Clostridium_species'

2010-05-12T11:01:52Z

Created page with 'Category:Clostridium_species'

New page

[[Category:Clostridium_species]]

← Older revision		Revision as of 10:35, 25 June 2010
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	[[Category:Clostridium_species]]		[[Category:Clostridium_species]]
		+	[[Category:To_Do_-_Bacteria]]

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−	<big>'''''<ncl style=~~compact~~ maxdepth=4 headings=bullet headstart=2 showcats=1 showarts=1>Category:{{PAGENAME}}</ncl></big>	+	<big>'''''<ncl style=bullet maxdepth=4 headings=bullet headstart=2 showcats=1 showarts=1>Category:{{PAGENAME}}</ncl></big>

	===Treatment and control of enterotoxaemic infections===		===Treatment and control of enterotoxaemic infections===

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+<big>'''''<ncl style=compact maxdepth=4 headings=bullet headstart=2 showcats=1 showarts=1>Category:{{PAGENAME}}</ncl></big>
 ===Treatment and control of enterotoxaemic infections===
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 *Vaccination of lambs with toxoid before 2 months of age to protect against pulpy kidney
 *Avoid sudden dietary changes
 [[Category:Clostridium_species]]

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-===''[[Clostridium perfringens type D]]===
+===''[[Clostridium perfringens type E]]===
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 ===''C. perfringens'' type E===
-*Enteritis in rabbits, haemorrhagic enteritis in calves

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-===''[[Clostridium perfringens type C]]===
+===''[[Clostridium perfringens type D]]===
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 ===''C. perfringens'' type D===
-*[[Intestines Catarrhal Enteritis - Pathology#"Pulpy Kidney" Disease|Pulpy kidney disease]] in well-fed 3-10 week-old lambs

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-===''[[Clostridium perfringens type B]]===
+===''[[Clostridium perfringens type C]]===
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 ===''C. perfringens'' type C===
-*Acute enterotoxaemia in adult sheep, 'struck'

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:05, 12 May 2010
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−	===''C. perfringens'' type B===	+	===''[[Clostridium perfringens type B]]===

−	*[[Intestines Fibrinous/Haemorrhagic Enteritis - Pathology#Lamb Dysentery (Enterotoxaemia with Blood)\|Lamb dysentery]]
−	*Up to 30% morbidity and high mortality
−	*Affects lambs in first week of life
−	*Abdominal distension, pain, bloody faeces, sudden death
−	*Bacterial overgrowth in the intestine of the lamb due to immature bacterial flora
−	*Lack of proteases in the immature gut prevents cleavage of the beta toxin, allowing it to cause disease
−	*Also alpha and epsilon toxins
−	*Haemorrhagic enteritis and ulceration in the small intestine
−	*Fluid in the peritoneal cavity and pericardial sac due to increased capillary permeability (beta toxin)
−	*Fatal haemorrhagic enteritis in newborn foals, calves and adult goats

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:04, 12 May 2010
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		+	*General:
		+	**''Clostridium perfringens'' types B, C and D
		+	**Found in soil, feaces and intestinal tract
		+	**Survive in soil as spores
		+	**Husbandry, changes in diet and environment predispose to proliferation in the intestine
		+	**Abrupt changes to rich diets and intestinal hypomotility due to overeating
		+	*Pathogenesis and pathogenicity:
		+	**Clostridial replication and overgrowth in the interstinal tract of sheep
		+	**Production of potent exotoxins which cause local and systemic effects of enterotoxaemia
		+	**Type of toxins produced determine clinical syndrome
		+	**Haemolysins, collagenases and hyaluronidases also produced
		+
		+
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		+
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		+	===''C. perfringens'' type B===
		+
		+	*[[Intestines Fibrinous/Haemorrhagic Enteritis - Pathology#Lamb Dysentery (Enterotoxaemia with Blood)\|Lamb dysentery]]
		+	*Up to 30% morbidity and high mortality
		+	*Affects lambs in first week of life
		+	*Abdominal distension, pain, bloody faeces, sudden death
		+	*Bacterial overgrowth in the intestine of the lamb due to immature bacterial flora
		+	*Lack of proteases in the immature gut prevents cleavage of the beta toxin, allowing it to cause disease
		+	*Also alpha and epsilon toxins
		+	*Haemorrhagic enteritis and ulceration in the small intestine
		+	*Fluid in the peritoneal cavity and pericardial sac due to increased capillary permeability (beta toxin)
		+	*Fatal haemorrhagic enteritis in newborn foals, calves and adult goats
		+
		+
		+	===''C. perfringens'' type C===
		+
		+	*Acute enterotoxaemia in adult sheep, 'struck'
		+	*Sudden death or terminal convulsions in sheep at pasture
		+	*Beta toxin (lethal, necrotising) plays major role in pathogenesis of the disease - increases intestinal and capillary permeability
		+	*Also alpha toxin (lecithinase)
		+	*Post mortem: jejunal ulceration; hyperaemia in small intestine; fluid accumulation in peritoneal cavity; congestion of peritoneal vessels; petechial haemorrhages
		+	*Haemorrhagic enteritis in piglets
		+	**Peracute enterotoxaemia often of entire litter with mortality rates 80%
		+	**Infection from sow's faeces
		+	**Death within 24 hours in young piglets
		+	**Chronic disease in older piglets
		+	**Dullness, anorexia, bloody faeces, perianal hyperaemia
		+	**Post mortem: necrosis of terminal small intestinal mucosa, caecum and colon and blood-stained contents; serosanguinous fluid in pleural and peritoneal cavities
		+	*Necrotic enteritis in chickens:
		+	**Broilers under 12 weeks
		+	**Acute enterotoxaemia, sudden onset and high mortality
		+	**Necrosis of small intestine
		+	**Predisposing factors include diet changes, coccidial infection and intestinal hypomotility
		+	*Acute enterotoxaemia with haemorrhagic enteritis in calves, lambs, foals, goats
		+	*[[Peritoneal Cavity Inflammatory - Pathology#In cattle\|Peritonitis in cattle]] - sudden death in feedlot cattle
		+
		+
		+	===''C. perfringens'' type D===
		+
		+	*[[Intestines Catarrhal Enteritis - Pathology#"Pulpy Kidney" Disease\|Pulpy kidney disease]] in well-fed 3-10 week-old lambs
		+	*Follows overeating high grain diet or luchious pasture
		+	*Starch from partially digested food enterering the intestine from the rumen allows rapid clostridial proliferation
		+	*Epsilon toxin activated by proteolytic enzymes causes toxaemia
		+	*Epsilon toxin increases intestinal and capillary permeability; also alpha toxin
		+	*Lambs found dead or with opisthotonos, convulsions, coma in acute phases
		+	*Blindness and head pressing in subacute disease; bloat in later stages
		+	*Hyperglycaemia, glycosuria
		+	*Post mortem: hyperaemia in intestine; fluid in pericardial sac; kidney autolysis with pulpy cortical softening (acute death)
		+	*Subacute death causes symmetrical encephalomalacia and haemorrhage in basal ganglia and midbrain
		+	*Enterotoxaemia in kids and adult goats
		+
		+
		+	===''C. perfringens'' type E===
		+
		+	*Enteritis in rabbits, haemorrhagic enteritis in calves
		+	*ALpha and iota toxins
		+
		+
		+	===Treatment and control of enterotoxaemic infections===
		+
		+	*Hyperimmune serum
		+	*Vaccination - vaccinate ewes with toxoid 6 weeks before lambing to allow passive protection of lambs
		+	*Vaccination of lambs with toxoid before 2 months of age to protect against pulpy kidney
		+	*Avoid sudden dietary changes
		+
		+
		+
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	[[Category:Clostridium_species]]		[[Category:Clostridium_species]]