Category:Hepatitis, Parasitic - Revision history

Bara at 18:36, 15 February 2011

2011-02-15T18:36:36Z

Bara at 14:56, 7 June 2010

2010-06-07T14:56:01Z

Bara at 14:54, 7 June 2010

2010-06-07T14:54:13Z

Bara at 14:50, 7 June 2010

2010-06-07T14:50:12Z

Bara at 14:39, 7 June 2010

2010-06-07T14:39:56Z

Bara at 14:31, 7 June 2010

2010-06-07T14:31:46Z

Bara at 14:29, 7 June 2010

2010-06-07T14:29:56Z

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Bara: Created page with 'Category:Liver_-_Inflammatory_Pathology'

2010-06-07T14:27:43Z

Created page with 'Category:Liver_-_Inflammatory_Pathology'

New page

[[Category:Liver_-_Inflammatory_Pathology]]

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 [[Category:Liver_-_Inflammatory_Pathology]]

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:54, 7 June 2010
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−	===~~Protozoal===~~	+	===[[Liver Protozoa]]===
−	~~====Toxoplasmosis====~~
−	*''Toxoplasma gondii''
−	*broad host range
−	*characterised by widespread necrosis in many organs
−	*[[Liver ~~- Anatomy & Physiology\|liver~~]] ~~lesions~~
−	**appear as disseminated foci of necrosis with little or no inflammatory reactions
−	**white or yellow foci are visible on the surface

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:50, 7 June 2010
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−	====[[Liver ~~Cestodes~~]]====	+	====[[Liver Trematodes]]====


−	~~====Trematodes====~~
−	*flukes are important pathogens of the [[Liver - Anatomy & Physiology\|liver]]
−	*Fascioliasis is among the most important parasitic conditions of sheep and cattle and is common
−	~~=====Fasciola hepatica=====~~
−	*common [[Liver - Anatomy & Physiology\|liver]] fluke
−	*intermediate host
−	**aquatic snails
−	**therefore infestation is more common in damp or poorly drained pastures
−	*final host
−	**cattle and sheep
−	*can cause severe haemorrhagic [[Liver - Anatomy & Physiology\|liver]] damage
−	*death in heavy infestations in sheep during migratory phase (1 month) through the [[Liver - Anatomy & Physiology\|liver]] tissue
−	*recovered animals will have scarred [[Liver - Anatomy & Physiology\|livers]]
−	*more commonly associated with chronic bile duct inflammation - cholangitis [need link to below]
−	**the adults live in the bile ducts
−	~~'''Acute Fascioliasis'''~~
−	*acute disease associated with immature fluke migration through the [[Liver - Anatomy & Physiology\|liver]]
−	*occurs in late autumn and winter
−	*severity of outbreaks depend on a number of epidemiological factors
−	*the [[Liver - Anatomy & Physiology\|liver]] of animals which die of this disease will be
−	**enlarged
−	**haemorrhagic
−	**honeycombed with the tracts of migrating flukes
−	***tracts become filled with blood and degenerate hepatocytes later infiltrated with [[Eosinophils - WikiBlood\|eosinophils]], [[Lymphocytes - WikiBlood\|lymphocytes]] and replaced by fibrosis
−	**surface is covered with a fibrinous peritonitis, especially the ventral lobe
−	**subcapsular haemorrhages are frequent
−	**rupture into the abdomen is not an uncommon finding
−	~~'''Chronic Fascioliasis'''~~
−	~~======Gross======~~
−	*[[Liver - Anatomy & Physiology\|liver]] is reduced in size, unevenly
−	**left lobe is most severely affected with atrophy of the extremities
−	*hypertrophy may occur in some cases
−	**dorsal lobe
−	**this changes size and distorts shape of [[Liver - Anatomy & Physiology\|liver]]
−	*the surface will be uneven with areas of fibrous tissue replacing the cells damaged by the migrating flukes
−	*bile ducts
−	**prominent thick protruding white bile ducts on the '''visceral surface''' spreading from the hilus to the left lobe
−	**the bile ducts are dilated, black, and calcified on '''cut surface'''
−	**numerous adult flukes can be expressed from the bile ducts
−	**chronic cholangitis
−	**''''pipe stem'''' appearance in cattle because bile ducts are very much thickened and often calcified
−	*bile
−	**dark brown, thick, and gritty in consistency
−	~~NB: the fibrosis which occurs in the chronic stage is realted only partly to the healing of the migratory tracts and the rest may be related to the development of immunity and rechallenge~~
−
−	~~======Microscopically======~~
−	*reactive hyperplasia of the bile ducts
−	*substantial inflammatory cell infiltrate and peripheral fibrosis
−	*calcification of the chronically damaged tissue

	===Protozoal===		===Protozoal===

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:39, 7 June 2010
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−	~~====[[Liver Nematodes]]====~~
−	*
−	~~====Cestodes====~~
−	*tapeworms
−	*have both intermediate and final hosts in their life cycle
−	*main expression in the UK are the encysted forms that utilise the [[Liver - Anatomy & Physiology\|liver]] and other organs in intermediate hosts
−	~~=====Taenia hydatigena=====~~
−	*the most important species
−	*final host
−	**dog
−	**alimentary tract
−	*intermediate host
−	**ruminant, horse, or pig
−	*life cycle is completed when the carnivore eats the tissues of the intermediate host containing the cysts
−	*the intermediate stage - Cysticercus tennuicollis
−	**fluid filled cysts on the surface of the [[Liver - Anatomy & Physiology\|liver]] and in the [[Peritoneal cavity - Anatomy & Physiology\|peritoneal cavity]]
−	~~NB: other Taenia species have muscle and brain as preferred sites in the intermediate hosts~~

−	~~Some can infect humans - zoonoses~~	+	====[[Liver Cestodes]]====

−	~~=====Echinococcus granulosus=====~~
−	*Hydatid Disease
−	*final host
−	**dog, fox, and other canids
−	*intermediate host
−	**sheep most commonly affected
−	**ox and horses
−	~~NB: can also affect man - zoonosis~~
−	*'''hydatids''' - the cyst form
−	**develops from the ova
−	**occur in the lung and [[Liver - Anatomy & Physiology\|liver]]
−	**cysts are usually multiple
−	**5-10cm in diameter
−	**contain a clear fluid with numerous scolices or '''"hydatid sand"'''
−	**the small calcified lesions that are sometimes present in the [[Liver - Anatomy & Physiology\|liver]] of sheep may represent degenerate hydatid cysts
−	**can be very prevalent in some geographical areas

	====Trematodes====		====Trematodes====

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-====Nematodes====
+====[[Liver Nematodes]]====
-*these cause damage during migration through the [[Liver - Anatomy & Physiology|liver]]
 ====Cestodes====
 *tapeworms
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 **white or yellow foci are visible on the surface