Category:Mycobacterium species - Revision history

Suzannah.stacey at 18:55, 1 November 2010

2010-11-01T18:55:20Z

Suzannah.stacey at 10:30, 24 August 2010

2010-08-24T10:30:28Z

Bara at 10:47, 25 June 2010

2010-06-25T10:47:40Z

Bara at 22:22, 1 June 2010

2010-06-01T22:22:12Z

Bara at 13:14, 24 May 2010

2010-05-24T13:14:14Z

Bara at 11:05, 14 May 2010

2010-05-14T11:05:15Z

Bara at 11:04, 14 May 2010

2010-05-14T11:04:18Z

Bara at 10:59, 14 May 2010

2010-05-14T10:59:36Z

Bara at 10:57, 14 May 2010

2010-05-14T10:57:36Z

Bara: Created page with '{{review}} ===Overview=== Mycobacterial infections are caused by bacteria belonging to the family Mycobacteriaceae, order Actinomycetales Includes obligate pathogens, opport…'

2010-05-14T10:45:36Z

Created page with '{{review}} ===Overview=== *Mycobacterial infections are caused by bacteria belonging to the family Mycobacteriaceae, order Actinomycetales *Includes obligate pathogens, opport…'

New page

{{review}}

===Overview===

*Mycobacterial infections are caused by bacteria belonging to the family Mycobacteriaceae, order Actinomycetales
*Includes obligate pathogens, opportunistic pathogens and saprophytes
*Cause chronic, progressive, granulomatous infections
*Cause tuberculosis, [[Intestines Proliferative Enteritis - Pathology#Paratuberculosis (Johnes disease)|Johne's disease]] and feline leprosy
*''M. bovis'', ''M. tuberculosis'' and ''M. avium'' cause [[Respiratory Bacterial Infections - Pathology#Tuberculosis|tuberculosis of cattle]], [[Respiratory Bacterial Infections - Pathology#Tuberculosis in pigs|tuberculosis of pigs]] and [[Respiratory Bacterial Infections - Pathology#Tuberculosis in dogs|tuberculosis of dogs]] respectively
*The 'classical' tuberculosis lesions are caused by the [[Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex]]
*The Johne's type lesions are caused by the [[Mycobacterium avium complex]]
*Environmental species are found in soil, vegetation and water
*''Mycobacterium leprae'' and ''M.lepraemurium'' cause human, feline/murine leprosy respectively
*Atypical mycobacteriosis is a localized opportunistic skin and subcutaneous infection caused by saprophytic and rapidly growing atypical mycobacteria
*Granulomatous lesions in [[Muscles Inflammatory - Pathology#Tuberculosis|muscle]] and [[Bacterial skin infections - Pathology#Bacterial granulomatous dermatitis|skin]]
*Skin tuberculosis of cattle causes nodules along the lymphatics of the limbs
*Bovine farcy is thought to be caused by ''M. senegalense'' and ''M. farcinogenes''
*Saprophytic mycobacteria cause granulomatous lesions

===Characteristics===

*Aerobic, weakly Gram-positive acid-fast rods
*Non-motile, non-spore forming
*Cell walls contain mycolic acid
*Require egg-based media for growth
*Slow-growing colonies
*Resistant to disinfectants and environmental conditions; susceptible to pasteurisation
*Mycobacteria stain with carbol dyes and resist subsequent decolorization with inorganic acids; this characteristic which is due to the spatial arrangement of mycolic acids within the cell wall makes them acid fast

===Identification===

*Identified by Ziehl-Neelson staining
*Differentiated by culture, biochemical tests, chromatography and molecular techniques
*Pathogenic species require at least three weeks for growth on egg-based media

[[Mycobacterium bovis]]

[[Mycobacterium avium]]

===Feline leprosy===

*Caused by ''M. lepraemurium''
*Sporadic infections of cats via bites from infected rodents
*Subcutaneous nodules form usually on the head or limbs and can ulcerate
*Smears reveal Ziehl-Neelson-positive rods
*Diagnosis by histopathology
*Treatment includes excision of lesions

===[[Intestines Proliferative Enteritis - Pathology#Paratuberculosis (Johnes disease)|Johne's Disease (paratuberculosis)]]===

*[[Intestines Proliferative Enteritis - Pathology#Paratuberculosis (Johnes disease)|Johne's Disease]] is a chronic, contagious enteritis of ruminants
*Caused by ''M avium'' subsp. ''paratuberculosis''

*Epidemiology
**Transmitted to young calves by ingestion of mycobacteria in faeces of infected adults
**Organisms viable in environment for long periods
**Long incubation period with clinical signs appearing in cattle over 2 years of age
**Subclinical carriers can occur, shedding organisms in their faeces

*Pathogenesis and pathogenicity
**''M avium'' subsp. ''paratuberculosis'' is an intracellular pathogen
**Mycobacteria are ingested by macrophages in the Peyer's patches
**Survival and replication of mycobacteria in macrophages initiate an immune-mediated granulomatous reaction
**Lymphocytes and macrophages accumulate in the lamina propria and submucosa, resulting in marked thickening and folding of the intestinal wall
**Mesenteric lymph nodes are enlarged
**A protein-losing enteropathy results, along with failure to absorb nutrients and water

*Clinical signs
**Diarrhoea, initially intermittent, and weight loss in cattle
**Weight loss in sheep and goats
**Rapidly fatal with weight loss and diarrhoea in some deer

*Diagnosis
**All diagnostic procedures have faults but include:
**Microscopy of rectal biopsies
**Faecal culture
**Serology of serum including complement fixation tests, agar-gel immunodiffusion test and an ELISA
**Histopathology of intestines and lymph nodes
**Isolation and identification of mycobacteria from faeces and tissues
**Ziehl-Neelson-positive smears
**Intradermal tuberculin test
**DNA probes for detection in faeces

*Control
**Slaughter of affected animals
**Detection and slaughter of subclinical shedders using faecal culture, DNA probes and ELISA
**Good hygiene to protect young calves
**Separation and isolation of calves from affected dams
**Inactivated adjuvanted vaccines are available and reduce shedding of mycobacteria but do not eliminate infection
[[Category:Bacteria]][[Category:Gram_positive_bacteria]][[Category:Rods]]

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 {{frontpage
 |pagetitle =Mycobacterium species
-|pagebody =
+|pagebody = *Mycobacteruim organisms belong to the family Mycobacteriaceae, order Actinomycetales. This class of organism includes obligate pathogens, opportunistic pathogens and saprophytes; they can cause chronic, progressive, granulomatous infections including tuberculosis, [[Johne's Disease|Johne's disease]] and feline leprosy. ''M. bovis'', ''M. tuberculosis'' and ''M. avium'' cause [[Respiratory Bacterial Infections - Pathology#Tuberculosis|tuberculosis of cattle]], [[Respiratory Bacterial Infections - Pathology#Tuberculosis in pigs|tuberculosis of pigs]] and [[Respiratory Bacterial Infections - Pathology#Tuberculosis in dogs|tuberculosis of dogs]] respectively. ''Mycobacterium leprae'' and ''M.lepraemurium'' cause human, feline/murine leprosy respectively. Localized opportunistic [[Bacterial skin infections - Pathology#Bacterial granulomatous dermatitis|skin]] and subcutaneous infection can be caused by saprophytic and rapidly growing atypical mycobacteria.
 |contenttitle =Content
 |contentbody =<big><b>
 <categorytree mode=pages>Mycobacterium species</categorytree>
 </b></big>
-|logo =
+|logo =bugs-logo copy.png
 }}
 [[Category:Bacterial Organisms]]
 [[Category:Gram_positive_bacteria]]
 [[Category:Rods]]

← Older revision		Revision as of 10:30, 24 August 2010
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−	[[Category:~~Bacteria~~]][[Category:Gram_positive_bacteria]][[Category:Rods]]	+	[[Category:Bacterial Organisms]]
		+	[[Category:Gram_positive_bacteria]]
		+	[[Category:Rods]]
	[[Category:To_Do_-_Bacteria]]		[[Category:To_Do_-_Bacteria]]

← Older revision		Revision as of 10:47, 25 June 2010
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	[[Category:Bacteria]][[Category:Gram_positive_bacteria]][[Category:Rods]]		[[Category:Bacteria]][[Category:Gram_positive_bacteria]][[Category:Rods]]
		+	[[Category:To_Do_-_Bacteria]]

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:05, 14 May 2010
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−	<ncl style=~~compact~~ maxdepth=2 headings=bullet headstart=2 showcats=1 showarts=1>Category:{{PAGENAME}}</ncl>	+	'''''<big><ncl style=bullet maxdepth=2 headings=bullet headstart=2 showcats=1 showarts=1>Category:{{PAGENAME}}</ncl></big>'''''



	[[Category:Bacteria]][[Category:Gram_positive_bacteria]][[Category:Rods]]		[[Category:Bacteria]][[Category:Gram_positive_bacteria]][[Category:Rods]]

← Older revision		Revision as of 10:59, 14 May 2010
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	[[Mycobacterium lepraemurium]]		[[Mycobacterium lepraemurium]]

		+	[[Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis]]



−	~~===[[Intestines Proliferative Enteritis - Pathology#Paratuberculosis (Johnes disease)\|Johne's Disease (paratuberculosis)]]===~~
−
−	*[[Intestines Proliferative Enteritis - Pathology#Paratuberculosis (Johnes disease)\|Johne's Disease]] is a chronic, contagious enteritis of ruminants
−	*Caused by ''M avium'' subsp. ''paratuberculosis''
−
−	*Epidemiology
−	**Transmitted to young calves by ingestion of mycobacteria in faeces of infected adults
−	**Organisms viable in environment for long periods
−	**Long incubation period with clinical signs appearing in cattle over 2 years of age
−	**Subclinical carriers can occur, shedding organisms in their faeces
−
−	*Pathogenesis and pathogenicity
−	**''M avium'' subsp. ''paratuberculosis'' is an intracellular pathogen
−	**Mycobacteria are ingested by macrophages in the Peyer's patches
−	**Survival and replication of mycobacteria in macrophages initiate an immune-mediated granulomatous reaction
−	**Lymphocytes and macrophages accumulate in the lamina propria and submucosa, resulting in marked thickening and folding of the intestinal wall
−	**Mesenteric lymph nodes are enlarged
−	**A protein-losing enteropathy results, along with failure to absorb nutrients and water
−
−	*Clinical signs
−	**Diarrhoea, initially intermittent, and weight loss in cattle
−	**Weight loss in sheep and goats
−	**Rapidly fatal with weight loss and diarrhoea in some deer
−
−	*Diagnosis
−	**All diagnostic procedures have faults but include:
−	**Microscopy of rectal biopsies
−	**Faecal culture
−	**Serology of serum including complement fixation tests, agar-gel immunodiffusion test and an ELISA
−	**Histopathology of intestines and lymph nodes
−	**Isolation and identification of mycobacteria from faeces and tissues
−	**Ziehl-Neelson-positive smears
−	**Intradermal tuberculin test
−	**DNA probes for detection in faeces
−
−	*Control
−	**Slaughter of affected animals
−	**Detection and slaughter of subclinical shedders using faecal culture, DNA probes and ELISA
−	**Good hygiene to protect young calves
−	**Separation and isolation of calves from affected dams
−	**Inactivated adjuvanted vaccines are available and reduce shedding of mycobacteria but do not eliminate infection
	[[Category:Bacteria]][[Category:Gram_positive_bacteria]][[Category:Rods]]		[[Category:Bacteria]][[Category:Gram_positive_bacteria]][[Category:Rods]]

@@ Line 14: / Line 14: @@
 *Includes obligate pathogens, opportunistic pathogens and saprophytes
 *Cause chronic, progressive, granulomatous infections
-*Cause tuberculosis, [[Intestines Proliferative Enteritis - Pathology#Paratuberculosis (Johnes disease)|Johne's disease]] and feline leprosy
+*Cause tuberculosis, [[Johne's Disease|Johne's disease]] and feline leprosy
 *''M. bovis'', ''M. tuberculosis'' and ''M. avium'' cause [[Respiratory Bacterial Infections - Pathology#Tuberculosis|tuberculosis of cattle]], [[Respiratory Bacterial Infections - Pathology#Tuberculosis in pigs|tuberculosis of pigs]] and [[Respiratory Bacterial Infections - Pathology#Tuberculosis in dogs|tuberculosis of dogs]] respectively
 *The 'classical' tuberculosis lesions are caused by the [[Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex]]

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-{{review}}
+{{frontpage
 ===Overview===
@@ Line 34: / Line 42: @@
 *Differentiated by culture, biochemical tests, chromatography and molecular techniques
 *Pathogenic species require at least three weeks for growth on egg-based media
 [[Category:Bacteria]][[Category:Gram_positive_bacteria]][[Category:Rods]]

@@ Line 35: / Line 35: @@
 *Pathogenic species require at least three weeks for growth on egg-based media
-[[Mycobacterium avium]]
+<ncl style=compact maxdepth=2 headings=bullet headstart=2 showcats=1 showarts=1>Category:{{PAGENAME}}</ncl>
 [[Category:Bacteria]][[Category:Gram_positive_bacteria]][[Category:Rods]]

← Older revision		Revision as of 10:57, 14 May 2010
Line 39:		Line 39:
	[[Mycobacterium avium]]		[[Mycobacterium avium]]

		+	[[Mycobacterium lepraemurium]]


−
−	~~===Feline leprosy===~~
−
−	*Caused by ''M. lepraemurium''
−	*Sporadic infections of cats via bites from infected rodents
−	*Subcutaneous nodules form usually on the head or limbs and can ulcerate
−	*Smears reveal Ziehl-Neelson-positive rods
−	*Diagnosis by histopathology
−	*Treatment includes excision of lesions