Category:Mycoplasmas - Revision history

Suzannah.stacey at 21:31, 5 November 2010

2010-11-05T21:31:16Z

Suzannah.stacey at 10:31, 24 August 2010

2010-08-24T10:31:03Z

Bara at 13:21, 3 August 2010

2010-08-03T13:21:45Z

Aimee.e.hicks at 11:45, 2 August 2010

2010-08-02T11:45:19Z

Aimee.e.hicks at 11:42, 2 August 2010

2010-08-02T11:42:06Z

Aimee.e.hicks: Replaced content with "{{frontpage |pagetitle =Mycoplasmas |pagebody = |contenttitle =Content |contentbody = Mycoplasmas |logo = }} [[..."

2010-07-31T11:23:37Z

Replaced content with "{{frontpage |pagetitle =Mycoplasmas |pagebody = |contenttitle =Content |contentbody =<big><b> <categorytree mode=pages>Mycoplasmas</categorytree> </b></big> |logo = }} [[..."

Bara at 14:17, 20 July 2010

2010-07-20T14:17:06Z

Bara at 10:20, 1 July 2010

2010-07-01T10:20:47Z

Bara at 10:49, 25 June 2010

2010-06-25T10:49:36Z

A.allison: Text replace - 'Monocytes - WikiBlood' to 'Monocytes'

2010-06-12T12:43:18Z

Text replace - 'Monocytes - WikiBlood' to 'Monocytes'

← Older revision		Revision as of 10:31, 24 August 2010
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−	[[Category:~~Bacteria~~]]	+	[[Category:Bacterial Organisms]]

	[[Category:To_Do_-_AimeeHicks]]		[[Category:To_Do_-_AimeeHicks]]

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 {{frontpage
 |pagetitle =Mycoplasmas
-|pagebody =The Mycoplasmas are the smallest, free-living prokaryotic organisms. They cause many diseases, especially respiratory diseases of farm animals including Contagious Bovine Pleuropneumonia.
+|pagebody =The Mycoplasmas are the smallest, free-living prokaryotic organisms. They cause many diseases, especially respiratory diseases of farm animals including [[Contagious Bovine Pleuropneumonia]].
 |contenttitle =Content
 |contentbody =<big><b>
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 [[Category:To_Do_-_AimeeHicks]]

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:23, 31 July 2010
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	}}		}}

−	~~===Overview===~~

−	*Pathogens belong to the ''Mycoplasma'' and ''Ureaplasma'' genera
−	*Cause many diseases especially respiratory diseases of farm animals including contagious bovine pleuropneumonia
−	*Can be involved in mastitis and conjunctivitis in cattle
−	*Implicated in respiratory and urinary tract diseases in dogs and cats
−	*Non-pathogenic mycoplasmas present in the rumen
−	*Live on mucous membranes of oronasal cavity, conjunctiva and intestines
−	*Stress factors and concurrent disease may predispose to tissue invasion
−	*Usually host-specific
−	*Limited survival in the environment
−
−	~~===Characteristics===~~
−
−	*Smallest free-living prokaryotic organism
−	*Pleomorphic organisms
−	*Have no peptidoglycan cell wall
−	*Susceptible to dessication, heat and disinfectants
−	*Require enriched media containing animal protein, sterol and a source of DNA for growth
−	*Colonies have a fried egg appearance
−	*Most are facultative anaerobes
−
−	~~===Pathogenesis and pathogenicity===~~
−
−	*Mycoplasmas adhere to host cells and produce toxins
−	*Some adhere to [[Neutrophils\|neutrophils]] and macrophages and prevent phagocytosis
−	*Mycoplasmas induce proliferation of macrophages and [[[[Monocytes\|monocytes]]]], and release of cytokines such as TNF and interleukins
−	*Cause damage to cilia in the respiratory tract leading to pneumonia
−	*Molecular mimicry allows some mycoplasmas to avoid the host immune response and may initiate immune-mediated disease
−
−	~~===Diagnosis===~~
−
−	*Samples can be tested for the presence of mycoplasmas by fluorescent antibody techniques, peroxidase techniques and PCR
−	*Biochemical profiles such as urease production can be used for identification
−	*''Ureaplasmas'' produce urease, whereas ''Mycoplasmas'' do not metabolise urea
−	*Serolgy is required for specific identification including complement fixation tests, ELISA, agglutination tests and haemagglutination-inhibition tests
−	*Growth inhibition tests using specific antisera can be used as well as fluorescent antibody tests
−
−	~~===Other mycoplasmas===~~
−
−	*''M. bovis'', ''M. dispar'' and ''Ureaplasma'' can be involved in [[Respiratory Bacterial Infections - Pathology#Enzootic pneumonia of calves\|Enzootic pneumonia of calves]]
−	*''M. ovipneumoniae'' is implicated in [[Respiratory Bacterial Infections - Pathology#Enzootic pneumonia of lambs\|enzootic pneumonia of lambs]]
−	*''M. felis'' may be involved in mild [[Respiratory Bacterial Infections - Pathology#Mycoplasma felis\|respiratory infection]]
−	*Mycoplasmas may cause [[Chronic Inflammation - Pathology#Lymphocytic Inflammation\|lymphocytic chronic inflammation]] (peribronchiolar and perialveolar cuffing)
−	*Cause [[Peritonitis#In sheep\|peritonitis in sheep]], [[Peritonitis#In goats\|peritonitis in goats]] and [[Peritonitis#In pigs\|peritonitis in pigs]]
−
−	~~==cattle==~~
−
−	**[[:Category:Mycoplasmas\|'''''Mycoplasma spp.''''']]
−	***May be respinsible for some chronic cases but difficult to prove as hard to isolate
−	***Fibrinous polyarthritis

	[[Category:Bacteria]]		[[Category:Bacteria]]
−	~~[[Category:To_Do_-_Bacteria]]~~

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 *''M. felis'' may be involved in mild [[Respiratory Bacterial Infections - Pathology#Mycoplasma felis|respiratory infection]]
 *Mycoplasmas may cause [[Chronic Inflammation - Pathology#Lymphocytic Inflammation|lymphocytic chronic inflammation]] (peribronchiolar and perialveolar cuffing)
-*Cause [[Peritonitis - Pathology#In sheep|peritonitis in sheep]], [[Peritonitis - Pathology#In goats|peritonitis in goats]] and [[Peritonitis - Pathology#In pigs|peritonitis in pigs]]
+*Cause [[Peritonitis#In sheep|peritonitis in sheep]], [[Peritonitis#In goats|peritonitis in goats]] and [[Peritonitis#In pigs|peritonitis in pigs]]
 ==cattle==

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 *Mycoplasmas may cause [[Chronic Inflammation - Pathology#Lymphocytic Inflammation|lymphocytic chronic inflammation]] (peribronchiolar and perialveolar cuffing)
 *Cause [[Peritonitis - Pathology#In sheep|peritonitis in sheep]], [[Peritonitis - Pathology#In goats|peritonitis in goats]] and [[Peritonitis - Pathology#In pigs|peritonitis in pigs]]
 [[Category:Bacteria]]
 [[Category:To_Do_-_Bacteria]]

← Older revision		Revision as of 10:49, 25 June 2010
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	*Cause [[Peritonitis - Pathology#In sheep\|peritonitis in sheep]], [[Peritonitis - Pathology#In goats\|peritonitis in goats]] and [[Peritonitis - Pathology#In pigs\|peritonitis in pigs]]		*Cause [[Peritonitis - Pathology#In sheep\|peritonitis in sheep]], [[Peritonitis - Pathology#In goats\|peritonitis in goats]] and [[Peritonitis - Pathology#In pigs\|peritonitis in pigs]]
	[[Category:Bacteria]]		[[Category:Bacteria]]
		+	[[Category:To_Do_-_Bacteria]]

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 *Mycoplasmas adhere to host cells and produce toxins
 *Some adhere to [[Neutrophils|neutrophils]] and macrophages and prevent phagocytosis
-*Mycoplasmas induce proliferation of macrophages and [[[[Monocytes - WikiBlood|monocytes]]]], and release of cytokines such as TNF and interleukins
+*Mycoplasmas induce proliferation of macrophages and [[[[Monocytes|monocytes]]]], and release of cytokines such as TNF and interleukins
 *Cause damage to cilia in the respiratory tract leading to pneumonia
 *Molecular mimicry allows some mycoplasmas to avoid the host immune response and may initiate immune-mediated disease