Category:Secondary Immunodeficiency - Revision history

Bara at 14:27, 12 August 2010

2010-08-12T14:27:57Z

Bara at 14:13, 12 August 2010

2010-08-12T14:13:38Z

Bara at 14:12, 12 August 2010

2010-08-12T14:12:01Z

Bara at 14:08, 12 August 2010

2010-08-12T14:08:28Z

Bara: Created page with "*There are many causes of secondary immunodeficiency Most deficiencies are not genetic Most are agent-induced, such as from X-ray radiation and immunosuppressive drugs ===V..."

2010-08-12T14:05:47Z

Created page with "*There are many causes of secondary immunodeficiency **Most deficiencies are not genetic **Most are agent-induced, such as from X-ray radiation and immunosuppressive drugs ===V..."

New page

*There are many causes of secondary immunodeficiency
**Most deficiencies are not genetic
**Most are agent-induced, such as from X-ray radiation and immunosuppressive drugs

===Viral Causes===

====Feline Leukaemia Virus (FeLV)====
[[Image:FeLV Electron Micrograph.jpg|thumb|right|150px|FeLV Electron Micrograph [http://phil.cdc.gov/phil/home.asp Public Health Image Library] Image #5610]]
[[Image:Kinetics of FeLV 2.jpg|thumb|right|150px|Kinetics of FeLV - Copyright Dr Brian Catchpole BVetMed PhD MRCVS]]
*Oncogenic retrovirus
*Causes neoplasia (lymphoma), myelosuppression (anaemia) and immunosuppression (of [[Lymphocytes#T cells|T cells]])
*2 strains:
**FeLV-A
***Natural strain
**FeLV-B
***Formed through FeLV-A recombining with endogenous retroviral sequences in the feline genome
***Increases the risks of lymphoma
**FeLV-C
***Formed from the spontaneous mutation of FeLV-A
***Is more myelosuppressive
*Virus replicates in the oropharyngeal lymphoid tissue causing a viraemia (virus circulating in the bloodstream) which then spreads to the systemic lymphoid tissue
*Shed in saliva
*Passed by oronasal route, e.g. mutual grooming
*Kittens between 6 weeks and 6 months are most susceptible
*60% of cats will become immune to the disease and recover
*Cats that are persistently viraemic will progress to develop FeLV-associated diseases
*Some cats will become viraemic again if treated with corticosteroids or stressed if the infection lies dormant in the [[Bone Marrow - Anatomy & Physiology|bone marrow]]
*Diagnosis:
**ELISA
**Rapid-Immuno-Migration
**Western Blot
**Virus Isolation
**Immunofluorescence
**PCR
*Treatment:
**Antibiotics for secondary infection
**Anti-retroviral therapy
*For vaccinations see [[Vaccines - WikiBlood#Cat Vaccinations|here]]

====Feline Immunodeficiency Virus (FIV)====
*Lentivirus
*Subtypes A, B and D
*Causes increased susceptibility to infections and neoplasia
*Specifically destroys [[Lymphocytes#Helper CD4+|CD4+ T cells]]
*Virus is present in saliva, blood and other bodily fluids
*Feral and outdoor cats (mostly tom cats) are most at risk
*Virus replicates in lymphoid tissue
*Can remain asymptomatic
*Causes pyrexia and lymphadenopathy
*Transmitted by biting
*Diagnosis:
**ELISA
**Rapid-Immuno-Migration
**Western Blot
**Virus Isolation
**Immunofluorescence
**PCR
*Treatment:
**Antibiotics for secondary infection
**Anti-retroviral therapy
*For vaccinations see [[Vaccines - WikiBlood#Cat Vaccinations|here]]

====Bovine Immunodeficiency Virus (BIV)====
*Lentivirus (non-oncogenic)
*Causes a persistent viral infection and lymphocytosis
*Immunocompromised cattle may develop secondary infections
*The transmission is not well known, but the following possibilities are being researched:
**Through milk
**Through infected semen (e.g.artificial insemination)
**Placental transfer
*Diagnosis:
**Western Blot
**PCR

===Toxic Causes===

*Poisons

===Iatrogenic Causes===

*Drugs
**Corticosteroids
**Cyclosporin
**Cytotoxic cancer therapy

===Other Causes===

*Malnutrition

*Chronic disease

*Stress

*Senescence

[[Category:Immunodeficiencies]]

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-*There are many causes of secondary immunodeficiency
+{{frontpage
-**Most deficiencies are not genetic
+|pagetitle =Secondary Immunodeficiency
-**Most are agent-induced, such as from X-ray radiation and immunosuppressive drugs
+|pagebody =There are many causes of secondary immunodeficiency. Most deficiencies are not genetic. Most are agent-induced, such as from X-ray radiation and immunosuppressive drugs.
-===Viral Causes===
+<categorytree mode=pages>Secondary Immunodeficiency</categorytree>
-====[[Feline Leukaemia Virus]] ====
+|logo = Immature MDDC.png
 [[Category:Immunodeficiencies]]

@@ Line 10: / Line 10: @@
-====Bovine Immunodeficiency Virus (BIV)====
+====[[Bovine Immunodeficiency Virus]] ====
-*Lentivirus (non-oncogenic)
 ===Toxic Causes===