Chloramphenicol - Revision history

Sknight: /* Introduction */

2013-11-22T11:54:09Z

Introduction

Bara at 22:21, 24 May 2011

2011-05-24T22:21:10Z

Suzannah.stacey at 17:01, 7 October 2010

2010-10-07T17:01:22Z

Psythe: /* Pharmacokinetic Considerations */

2009-11-12T06:42:49Z

Pharmacokinetic Considerations

Karag7: /* Side Effects and Contraindications */

2009-08-20T17:24:42Z

Side Effects and Contraindications

Karag7: /* Side Effects and Contraindications */

2009-08-20T17:23:33Z

Side Effects and Contraindications

Jtulloch at 14:12, 24 October 2008

2008-10-24T14:12:25Z

Jtulloch: /* Florfenicol and Thiamphenicol */

2008-10-24T14:11:47Z

Florfenicol and Thiamphenicol

Jtulloch at 14:11, 24 October 2008

2008-10-24T14:11:33Z

Jtulloch at 13:54, 24 October 2008

2008-10-24T13:54:14Z

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 [[Image: Chloramphenicol.png|thumb|right|250px|The 3D Structure of Chloramphenicol]]
 ==Introduction==
-Chloramphenicol orginates from cultures of ''Streptomyces'' and was one of the first antibiotics to be synthetically mass-produced. It is a dichloracetic acid derivative. It's analogues florfenicol and thiamphenicol are discussed at the bottom of the page.
+Chloramphenicol orginates from cultures of ''Streptomyces'' and was one of the first antibiotics to be synthetically mass-produced. It is a dichloracetic acid derivative. Its analogues florfenicol and thiamphenicol are discussed at the bottom of the page.
 ==Mechanism of Action==

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 [[Image: Chloramphenicol.png|thumb|right|250px|The 3D Structure of Chloramphenicol]]
 ==Introduction==
@@ Line 27: / Line 26: @@
 More importantly they aren't associated with aplastic anaemia in man and so are authorised to be used in food-producing animals.

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 {{review}}
 [[Image: Chloramphenicol.png|thumb|right|250px|The 3D Structure of Chloramphenicol]]
+==Introduction==
 Chloramphenicol orginates from cultures of ''Streptomyces'' and was one of the first antibiotics to be synthetically mass-produced. It is a dichloracetic acid derivative. It's analogues florfenicol and thiamphenicol are discussed at the bottom of the page.
 ==Mechanism of Action==
 Chloramphenicol works by inhibiting the transpeptidation of the peptide chain, during protein synthesis on the ribosomes. This will limit the growth and replication of bacteria but will not kill the bacteria so is a '''bacteriostatic''' antibiotic.
 ==Spectrum of Activity==
 *It is a broad spectrum antibiotic active against most gram-positives, many gram-negatives and all anaerobes. It is also active against rickettsia and chlamydophilia.
 *''Pseudomonas'' and mycobacteria species are resistant.
@@ Line 26: / Line 15: @@
 ==Pharmacokinetic Considerations==
 They are very lipophilic neutral small molecules, which are orally active and have a very wide volume of distribution. It is thus capable of penetrating cell membranes and will enter the CSF. It is eliminated in the liver via hepatic metabolism with only 10% being excreted in the urine unchanged. The half-life varies between each species and also with age of the animal.
 ==Side Effects and Contraindications==
 * A reversible suppression of haematopoiesis occurs in cats when recieving high doses. It's use in cats should be limited to seven days.
 * Myocardial depression has been noticed following intravenous administration.
@@ Line 37: / Line 24: @@
 ==Florfenicol and Thiamphenicol==
 These are both analogues of chloramphenicol with similar antibacterial activity. With these a higher percentage of drug is excreted unchanged in the urine.
 More importantly they aren't associated with aplastic anaemia in man and so are authorised to be used in food-producing animals.

@@ Line 27: / Line 27: @@
 ==Pharmacokinetic Considerations==
-They are very lipophilic neutral small molecules, which are orally active and have a very wide volume of distribution. It is thus capable of penetrating cell membranes and will enter the CSF. It is eliminated in the liver via hepatic metabolism with only 10% being excreted in the urine unchanges. The half-life varies between each species and also with age of the animal.
+They are very lipophilic neutral small molecules, which are orally active and have a very wide volume of distribution. It is thus capable of penetrating cell membranes and will enter the CSF. It is eliminated in the liver via hepatic metabolism with only 10% being excreted in the urine unchanged. The half-life varies between each species and also with age of the animal.
 ==Side Effects and Contraindications==

@@ Line 35: / Line 35: @@
 * Myocardial depression has been noticed following intravenous administration.
 * If it is given per os, dogs and cats often have gastrointestinal irritation.
-* In man a fatal aplastic anaemia can occur, this has had severe implications on the veterinary world. In the EU it is now '''banned in all producing animals in all of its forms''' (ie has no safe withdrawal period) to ensure it doesn't enter the food chain. The only licensed veterinary products are currently topical eye medication and off-shelf use of human oral and parenteral products in non-food producing animals.
+* In man a fatal aplastic anaemia can occur, this has had severe implications on the veterinary world. In the EU it is now '''banned in all food producing animals in all of its forms''' (ie has no safe withdrawal period) to ensure it doesn't enter the food chain. The only licensed veterinary products are currently topical eye medication and off-shelf use of human oral and parenteral products in non-food producing animals.
 ==Florfenicol and Thiamphenicol==

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-{{unfinished}}
+{{review}}
 {{toplink
 |linkpage =WikiDrugs

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:11, 24 October 2008
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	These are both analogues of chloramphenicol with similar antibacterial activity. With these a higher percentage of drug is excreted unchanged in the urine.		These are both analogues of chloramphenicol with similar antibacterial activity. With these a higher percentage of drug is excreted unchanged in the urine.

−	~~Most~~ importantly ~~though~~ they aren't associated with aplastic anaemia in man and so are authorised to be used in food-producing animals.	+	More importantly they aren't associated with aplastic anaemia in man and so are authorised to be used in food-producing animals.

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:54, 24 October 2008
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	[[Image: Chloramphenicol.png\|thumb\|right\|250px\|The 3D Structure of Chloramphenicol]]		[[Image: Chloramphenicol.png\|thumb\|right\|250px\|The 3D Structure of Chloramphenicol]]
		+
		+	Chloramphenicol orginates from cultures of ''Streptomyces'' and was one of the first antibiotics to be synthetically mass-produced. It is a dichloracetic acid derivative. It's analogues florfenicol and thiamphenicol are discussed at the bottom of the page.
		+

	==Mechanism of Action==		==Mechanism of Action==