Clostridial Diseases - Rabbit - Revision history

Bara at 13:15, 24 May 2011

2011-05-24T13:15:55Z

Clamy: /* Introduction */

2010-07-21T13:40:11Z

Introduction

Bara at 09:04, 21 July 2010

2010-07-21T09:04:36Z

Bara at 09:02, 21 July 2010

2010-07-21T09:02:21Z

Bara at 09:01, 21 July 2010

2010-07-21T09:01:19Z

Bara: Created page with '{{unfinished}} ==Introduction== These are addressed in many papers by Carman (1994) who refers to several factors that lead to the establishment of ''C. spiroforme'' in the rab…'

2010-07-21T09:00:48Z

Created page with '{{unfinished}} ==Introduction== These are addressed in many papers by Carman (1994) who refers to several factors that lead to the establishment of ''C. spiroforme'' in the rab…'

New page

{{unfinished}}

==Introduction==

These are addressed in many papers by Carman (1994) who refers to several factors that lead to the establishment of ''C. spiroforme'' in the rabbit gut, including parturition, weaning, change of diet, heat and dehydration, taking blood, removal from germ-free isolation, shipping, old age and over-crowding. The diseases produced by [[:Category:Clostridium species|''Clostridia'']] are usually so acute that they are seldom possible to treat successfully

[[Clostridium spiroforme|''C. spiroforme'']] colonises gut more frequently after weaning (young rabbits do not digest and absorb starch as efficiently as adults and carry a greater risk of unabsorbed carbohydrate reaching the caecum to act as a bacterial substrate from which toxins may be produced by the organism) and less frequently after antibiotics (Carman, 1994) and may be seen in Gram-stained faecal smears and is obvious morphologically as it forms helices, U-, S- and C-shapes. ''C. spiroforme'' produces two types of toxins, iotaa and iotaa which have antigenic properties, a property which might be exploited for the protection of baby rabbits after suitable research (Carman, 1994).
The role of ''C. perfringens'' types A and E in the production of diarrhoea in rabbits has yet to be clarified (Carman, 1994).

[[Clostridium difcicile|'''''C. difficile''''']] diarrhoea is a frequently fatal disease of rabbits encountered after the use of oral antibiotics (Carman, 1994). It is interesting to note that this is not listed as a zoonosis by Bell et al (1988).

[[Clostridium sordelli|'''''C. sordelli''''']] - experimental.

'''''C tympani cuniculi''''' - one case only (Carman, 1994).

==Treatment of clostridial enteritis==
It is usually unrewarding and follows the same regime as for other causes but, in addition:
*Ascorbic acid may limit the absorption of toxins and improve mucosal integrity
*Metronidazole, used parenterally (intraperitoneal use of the 0.5% solution), is the antibiotic of choice.

[[Category:Enteropathies - Rabbit]]

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 ==Introduction==
@@ Line 23: / Line 21: @@
 *Carman, R. J. (1994) Clostridial enteropathies of rabbits. Journal of Small Exotic Animal Medicine. 2 (4), 179-181
 [[Category:Enteropathies - Rabbit]]

@@ Line 20: / Line 20: @@
 ==References==
+*Bell, J. C., Palmer, S. R. and Payne, J. M. (1988). '''The Zoonoses'''. Edward Arnold, London. ISBN 0-7131-4561-7
 *Carman, R. J. (1994) Clostridial enteropathies of rabbits. Journal of Small Exotic Animal Medicine. 2 (4), 179-181
 [[Category:Enteropathies - Rabbit]]

@@ Line 5: / Line 5: @@
 These are addressed in many papers by Carman (1994) who refers to several factors that lead to the establishment of ''C. spiroforme'' in the rabbit gut, including parturition, weaning, change of diet, heat and dehydration,  taking blood, removal from germ-free isolation, shipping, old age and over-crowding. The diseases produced by [[:Category:Clostridium species|''Clostridia'']]  are usually so acute that they are seldom possible to treat successfully
-[[Clostridium spiroforme|''C. spiroforme'']] colonises gut more frequently after weaning (young rabbits do not digest and absorb starch as efficiently as adults and carry a greater risk of unabsorbed carbohydrate reaching the caecum to act as a bacterial substrate from which toxins may be produced by the organism) and less frequently after antibiotics (Carman, 1994) and may be seen in Gram-stained faecal smears and is obvious morphologically  as it forms helices, U-, S- and C-shapes. ''C. spiroforme'' produces two types of toxins, iotaa  and iotaa which have antigenic properties, a property which might be exploited for the protection of baby rabbits after suitable research (Carman, 1994).
+[[Clostridium spiroforme|'''''C. spiroforme''''']] colonises gut more frequently after weaning (young rabbits do not digest and absorb starch as efficiently as adults and carry a greater risk of unabsorbed carbohydrate reaching the caecum to act as a bacterial substrate from which toxins may be produced by the organism) and less frequently after antibiotics (Carman, 1994) and may be seen in Gram-stained faecal smears and is obvious morphologically  as it forms helices, U-, S- and C-shapes. ''C. spiroforme'' produces two types of toxins, iotaa  and iotaa which have antigenic properties, a property which might be exploited for the protection of baby rabbits after suitable research (Carman, 1994).
 The role of ''C. perfringens'' types A and E in the production of diarrhoea in rabbits has yet to be clarified (Carman, 1994).

@@ Line 18: / Line 18: @@
 *Ascorbic acid may limit the absorption of toxins and improve mucosal integrity
 *Metronidazole, used parenterally (intraperitoneal use of the 0.5% solution), is the antibiotic of choice.
 [[Category:Enteropathies - Rabbit]]

@@ Line 8: / Line 8: @@
 The role of ''C. perfringens'' types A and E in the production of diarrhoea in rabbits has yet to be clarified (Carman, 1994).
-[[Clostridium difcicile|'''''C. difficile''''']] diarrhoea is a frequently fatal disease of rabbits encountered after the use of oral antibiotics (Carman, 1994). It is interesting to note that this is not listed as a zoonosis by Bell et al (1988).
+[[Clostridium difficile|'''''C. difficile''''']] diarrhoea is a frequently fatal disease of rabbits encountered after the use of oral antibiotics (Carman, 1994). It is interesting to note that this is not listed as a zoonosis by Bell et al (1988).
 [[Clostridium sordelli|'''''C. sordelli''''']] - experimental.