Colic Diagnosis - General Physical Examination - Revision history

Ge8680: /* Cardiovascular Parameters */

2013-03-05T22:06:39Z

Cardiovascular Parameters

Ge8680: /* Cardiovascular Parameters */

2013-03-05T22:05:21Z

Cardiovascular Parameters

Bara at 10:29, 22 July 2010

2010-07-22T10:29:30Z

Kpotter at 15:04, 22 June 2010

2010-06-22T15:04:00Z

Kpotter: /* Attitude and External Appearance */

2010-06-18T14:48:57Z

Attitude and External Appearance

Kpotter: /* Attitude and External Appearance */

2010-06-18T14:38:40Z

Attitude and External Appearance

Kpotter: /* General Physical Examination */

2010-06-18T14:36:28Z

General Physical Examination

Kpotter: /* Cardiovascular Parameters */

2010-06-18T14:27:00Z

Cardiovascular Parameters

Kpotter: /* Cardiovascular Parameters */

2010-06-18T14:05:43Z

Cardiovascular Parameters

Kpotter: /* Cardiovascular Parameters */

2010-06-18T14:01:32Z

Cardiovascular Parameters

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 =====Cardiovascular Parameters=====
-Tachypnoea and tachychardia can be seen in the horse with colic. This is due to pain, but mainly due to decreased circulating volume, decreased preload, and endotoxemia. The pulse can be palpated in the facial, digital, brachial and great metatarsal arteries. The heart rate should be measured over time, and its response to analgesic therapy ascertained. The pulse should be assessed at different sites.  The blood pressure can be assessed with the use of a blood pressure cuff and Doppler around the coccygeal artery. The normal systolic pressure of a an adult horse should be 100 to 125 mm Hg. Horses with colic that have a systolic pressure of less than 80 mm Hg had a poorer prognosis. A pulse that continues to rise in rate to 60 to 70 beats per minute and weaken in quality over 6 to 8 hours in the face of adequate analgesia is considered a surgical indication.  Infarctive disease is characterised by an increaseing, non-fluctuating heart rate.
+Tachypnoea and tachychardia can be seen in the horse with colic. This is due to pain, but mainly due to decreased circulating volume, decreased preload, and endotoxemia. The pulse can be palpated in the facial, digital, brachial and great metatarsal arteries. The heart rate should be measured over time, and its response to analgesic therapy ascertained. The pulse should be assessed at different sites.  The blood pressure can be assessed with the use of a blood pressure cuff and Doppler around the coccygeal artery. The normal systolic pressure of a an adult horse should be 100 to 125 mm Hg. Horses with colic that have a systolic pressure of less than 80 mm Hg had a poorer prognosis. A pulse that continues to rise in rate to 60 to 70 beats per minute and weaken in quality over 6 to 8 hours in the face of adequate analgesia is considered a surgical indication.  Infarctive disease is characterised by an increasing, non-fluctuating heart rate.
 Mucous membrane colour and moisture and capillary refil time (CRT) can be assessed to appreciate the severity of haemodynamic compromise. The normal colour is pale pink and the CRT is 1 to 2 seconds. The gingival mucous membranes change from pink and moist to red and dry as the circulating blood volume decreases. The genital and conjunctival mucosa can also be assessed. Reddening of the mucous membranes indicates haemoconcentration and worsens as the patient goes into shock. Reddening reflects worse prognosis, and cyanotic membranes indicate a very poor chance of a positive outcome as it it indicates that the horse is in endotoxic shock. The CRT will be prolonged with dehydration and endotoxaemia.

@@ Line 32: / Line 32: @@
 =====Cardiovascular Parameters=====
-Tachypnoea and tachychardia can be seen in the horse with colic. This is due to pain, but mainly due to decreased circulating volume, decreased preload, and endotoxemia. The puse can be palpated in the facial, digital, brachial and great metatarsal arteries. The heart rate should be measured over time, and its response to analgesic therapy ascertained. The pulse should be assessed at different sites.  The blood pressure can be assessed with the use of a blood pressure cuff and Doppler around the coccygeal artery. The normal systolic pressure of a an adult horse should be 100 to 125 mm Hg. Horses with colic that have a systolic pressure of less than 80 mm Hg had a poorer prognosis. A pulse that continues to rise in rate to 60 to 70 beats per minute and weaken in quality over 6 to 8 hours in the face of adequate analgesia is considered a surgical indication.  Infarctive disease is characterised by an increaseing, non-fluctuating heart rate.
+Tachypnoea and tachychardia can be seen in the horse with colic. This is due to pain, but mainly due to decreased circulating volume, decreased preload, and endotoxemia. The pulse can be palpated in the facial, digital, brachial and great metatarsal arteries. The heart rate should be measured over time, and its response to analgesic therapy ascertained. The pulse should be assessed at different sites.  The blood pressure can be assessed with the use of a blood pressure cuff and Doppler around the coccygeal artery. The normal systolic pressure of a an adult horse should be 100 to 125 mm Hg. Horses with colic that have a systolic pressure of less than 80 mm Hg had a poorer prognosis. A pulse that continues to rise in rate to 60 to 70 beats per minute and weaken in quality over 6 to 8 hours in the face of adequate analgesia is considered a surgical indication.  Infarctive disease is characterised by an increaseing, non-fluctuating heart rate.
 Mucous membrane colour and moisture and capillary refil time (CRT) can be assessed to appreciate the severity of haemodynamic compromise. The normal colour is pale pink and the CRT is 1 to 2 seconds. The gingival mucous membranes change from pink and moist to red and dry as the circulating blood volume decreases. The genital and conjunctival mucosa can also be assessed. Reddening of the mucous membranes indicates haemoconcentration and worsens as the patient goes into shock. Reddening reflects worse prognosis, and cyanotic membranes indicate a very poor chance of a positive outcome as it it indicates that the horse is in endotoxic shock. The CRT will be prolonged with dehydration and endotoxaemia.

← Older revision		Revision as of 10:29, 22 July 2010
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	* Rose R.J, Hodgson D.R (2000) Examination of the Alimentary Tract, Alimentary Tract, Manual of Equine Practice, 2nd Edition, Saunders Elsevier, pp 293		* Rose R.J, Hodgson D.R (2000) Examination of the Alimentary Tract, Alimentary Tract, Manual of Equine Practice, 2nd Edition, Saunders Elsevier, pp 293

−	[[Category:Colic_Diagnosis_in_the_Horse]]	+	[[Category:Colic_Diagnosis_in_the_Horse\|C]]

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:04, 22 June 2010
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		+	{{review}}
		+
	===General Physical Examination===		===General Physical Examination===
	[[File:Gingival Mucous Membranes.jpg\|thumb\|200px\|right\| Picture of a horse's mouth demonstrating cyanotic gingival mucosa(Courtesy of Potter K, SPANA)]]		[[File:Gingival Mucous Membranes.jpg\|thumb\|200px\|right\| Picture of a horse's mouth demonstrating cyanotic gingival mucosa(Courtesy of Potter K, SPANA)]]

@@ Line 21: / Line 21: @@
 The examination should also include the mouth for the presence of malocclusion, dental abnormalities, damage to the lips and gums, nasal discharge and excessive salivation. The abdominal contour should be examined for any swellings or recent enlargements which could indicate edema or umbilical, abdominal or scrotal herniations.
-[[File:Collapsed horse.jpg|thumb|200px|center| Picture of a collapsed horse with periorbital abrasions and sweating up(Courtesy of Potter K, SPANA)]]
+[[File:Collapsed horse.jpg|thumb|300px|center| Picture of a collapsed horse with periorbital abrasions and sweating up(Courtesy of Potter K, SPANA)]]
 =====Abdominal Distension=====

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:38, 18 June 2010
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	The examination should also include the mouth for the presence of malocclusion, dental abnormalities, damage to the lips and gums, nasal discharge and excessive salivation. The abdominal contour should be examined for any swellings or recent enlargements which could indicate edema or umbilical, abdominal or scrotal herniations.		The examination should also include the mouth for the presence of malocclusion, dental abnormalities, damage to the lips and gums, nasal discharge and excessive salivation. The abdominal contour should be examined for any swellings or recent enlargements which could indicate edema or umbilical, abdominal or scrotal herniations.
		+	[[File:Collapsed horse.jpg\|thumb\|200px\|center\| Picture of a collapsed horse with periorbital abrasions and sweating up(Courtesy of Potter K, SPANA)]]

	=====Abdominal Distension=====		=====Abdominal Distension=====

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 ===General Physical Examination===
 A physical examination including the following parameters should be carried out immediately and thoroughly.
 * Attitude and External appearance

@@ Line 30: / Line 30: @@
 Tachypnoea and tachychardia can be seen in the horse with colic. This is due to pain, but mainly due to decreased circulating volume, decreased preload, and endotoxemia. The puse can be palpated in the facial, digital, brachial and great metatarsal arteries. The heart rate should be measured over time, and its response to analgesic therapy ascertained. The pulse should be assessed at different sites.  The blood pressure can be assessed with the use of a blood pressure cuff and Doppler around the coccygeal artery. The normal systolic pressure of a an adult horse should be 100 to 125 mm Hg. Horses with colic that have a systolic pressure of less than 80 mm Hg had a poorer prognosis. A pulse that continues to rise in rate to 60 to 70 beats per minute and weaken in quality over 6 to 8 hours in the face of adequate analgesia is considered a surgical indication.  Infarctive disease is characterised by an increaseing, non-fluctuating heart rate.
-Mucous membrane colour and moisture and capillary refil time (CRT) can be assessed to appreciate the severity of haemodynamic compromise. A reduced skin tent indicates dehydration. The normal colour is pale pink and the CRT is 1 to 2 seconds. The gingival mucous membranes change from pink and moist to red and dry as the circulating blood volume decreases. Reddening of the mucous membranes indicates haemoconcentration and worsens as the patient goes into shock. Reddening reflects worse prognosis, and cyanotic membranes indicate a very poor chance of a positive outcome as it it indicates that the horse is in endotoxic shock. The CRT will be prolonged with dehydration and endotoxaemia. A reduced skin tent indicates dehydration.
+Mucous membrane colour and moisture and capillary refil time (CRT) can be assessed to appreciate the severity of haemodynamic compromise. The normal colour is pale pink and the CRT is 1 to 2 seconds. The gingival mucous membranes change from pink and moist to red and dry as the circulating blood volume decreases. The genital and conjunctival mucosa can also be assessed. Reddening of the mucous membranes indicates haemoconcentration and worsens as the patient goes into shock. Reddening reflects worse prognosis, and cyanotic membranes indicate a very poor chance of a positive outcome as it it indicates that the horse is in endotoxic shock. The CRT will be prolonged with dehydration and endotoxaemia.
 [[File:Skin Tent.jpg|thumb|200px|center| Picture of a dehydrated horse with a reduced skin tent underneath the intravenous jugular catheter(Courtesy of Potter K, SPANA)]]

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:01, 18 June 2010
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	Mucous membrane colour and moisture and capillary refil time (CRT) can be assessed to appreciate the severity of haemodynamic compromise. A reduced skin tent indicates dehydration. The normal colour is pale pink and the CRT is 1 to 2 seconds. The gingival mucous membranes change from pink and moist to red and dry as the circulating blood volume decreases. Reddening of the mucous membranes indicates haemoconcentration and worsens as the patient goes into shock. Reddening reflects worse prognosis, and cyanotic membranes indicate a very poor chance of a positive outcome as it it indicates that the horse is in endotoxic shock. The CRT will be prolonged with dehydration and endotoxaemia. A reduced skin tent indicates dehydration.		Mucous membrane colour and moisture and capillary refil time (CRT) can be assessed to appreciate the severity of haemodynamic compromise. A reduced skin tent indicates dehydration. The normal colour is pale pink and the CRT is 1 to 2 seconds. The gingival mucous membranes change from pink and moist to red and dry as the circulating blood volume decreases. Reddening of the mucous membranes indicates haemoconcentration and worsens as the patient goes into shock. Reddening reflects worse prognosis, and cyanotic membranes indicate a very poor chance of a positive outcome as it it indicates that the horse is in endotoxic shock. The CRT will be prolonged with dehydration and endotoxaemia. A reduced skin tent indicates dehydration.
		+
		+	[[File:Skin Tent.jpg\|thumb\|200px\|center\| Picture of horse sweating up and pawing the ground(Courtesy of Potter K, SPANA)]]

	===References===		===References===