Duck Hepatitis Virus - Revision history

Bara at 13:31, 17 August 2012

2012-08-17T13:31:51Z

Bara: Text replace - "Category:CABI Expert Review Completed" to "Category:CABI Expert Review CompletedCategory:CABI AHPC Pages"

2012-04-13T15:09:19Z

Text replace - "Category:CABI Expert Review Completed" to "Category:CABI Expert Review Completed Category:CABI AHPC Pages"

Bara at 23:50, 8 December 2011

2011-12-08T23:50:24Z

Bara at 11:12, 1 September 2011

2011-09-01T11:12:31Z

HelenD at 08:29, 25 August 2011

2011-08-25T08:29:56Z

HelenD at 06:54, 24 August 2011

2011-08-24T06:54:31Z

HelenD at 06:54, 24 August 2011

2011-08-24T06:54:03Z

Bara: /* References */

2011-08-12T15:36:26Z

References

Bara at 22:52, 27 June 2011

2011-06-27T22:52:20Z

Bara at 16:34, 16 June 2011

2011-06-16T16:34:41Z

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 {{Podcasts
 |link = https://bloomsbury.mediacore.tv/podcasts/wikivet-english/duck-hepatitis-virus}}
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 }}
 [[Category:CABI Expert Review Completed]][[Category:CABI AHPC Pages]]

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-[[Category:CABI Expert Review Completed]]
+[[Category:CABI Expert Review Completed]][[Category:CABI AHPC Pages]]
 [[Category:Enteroviruses]]
 [[Category:Astroviridae]]

← Older revision		Revision as of 23:50, 8 December 2011
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		+	{{Podcasts
		+	\|link = https://bloomsbury.mediacore.tv/podcasts/wikivet-english/duck-hepatitis-virus}}
	{{Taxobox		{{Taxobox
	\|name = DHV-II		\|name = DHV-II

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 <br><br>
-This article was reviewed by Prof Dave Cavanagh BSc, PhD, DSc on 23/08/11.
+{{Dave Cavanagh
 [[Category:CABI Expert Review]]
 [[Category:Enteroviruses]]
 [[Category:Astroviridae]]
@@ Line 117: / Line 120: @@
 [[Category:Alimentary Diseases - Birds]]
 [[Category:Neurological Diseases - Birds]]

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 DHV-1 is present worldwide.
-DHV-2 has only been reported in Norfolk, England <ref> Asplin, F. D. (1965) '''Duck hepatitis: vaccination against two serological types. '''''Vet. Rec.'', 77:1529-1530</ref> and no outbreaks have been recorded since the 1980’s.
+DHV-2 has only been reported in Norfolk, England and no outbreaks have been recorded since the 1980’s.
 DHV-3 has only been reported in the USA.
@@ Line 99: / Line 99: @@
 ==References==
-<references/>
+Gough R.E. and McNulty, M.S. (2007) '''Picornaviridae'''. In: '''Poultry Diseases, 6th Edition''' (eds. Pattison, M., McMullin, P., Bradbury, J., Alexander, D.) ''Saunders, Elsevier'', pp 350-359
 {{CABI source
 |datasheet = [http://www.cabi.org/ahpc/?compid=3&dsid=84184&loadmodule=datasheet&page=2144&site=160  duck hepatitis], [http://www.cabi.org/ahpc/Default.aspx?site=160&page=2144&LoadModule=datasheet&CompID=3&dsID=84185 duck hepatitis virus] and [http://www.cabi.org/ahpc/Default.aspx?site=160&page=2144&LoadModule=datasheet&CompID=3&dsID=84186  duck hepatitis virus type II]
 |date =5 June 2011
 }}
-<br><br><br>
+<br><br>
 [[Category:CABI Expert Review]]
 [[Category:Enteroviruses]]
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 [[Category:Alimentary Diseases - Birds]]
 [[Category:Neurological Diseases - Birds]]

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 '''Innoculation''' from liver suspensions can be used for confirmation of all DHVs using embryonated duck eggs, chicken eggs and tissue culture.
-'''Direct [[immunofluorescence]]''' can also confirm presence of DHV-I.
+'''Direct [[immunofluorescence]]''' can also confirm presence of DHV-1.
 '''Virus Neutralisation (VN)''' serological tests can be used to monitor vaccination response and epidemiology.
@@ Line 83: / Line 83: @@
 ==Control==
-'''Vaccination''' is only commercially available against '''DHV-I'''. Immunisation involves two or three innoculations. Live, attenuated and inactivated forms are available.
+'''Vaccination''' is only commercially available against '''DHV-1'''. Immunisation involves two or three innoculations. Live, attenuated and inactivated forms are available.
-DHV-I can be prevented by '''strict isolation''' in the first 4-5 weeks of life.
+DHV-1 can be prevented by '''strict isolation''' in the first 4-5 weeks of life.
 The viruses are resistant to inactivation by heat, acid and some disinfectants. Only 5% phenol and formaldehyde are successful in inactivating the viruses.

@@ Line 36: / Line 36: @@
 Also Known As: '''''Duck Viral Hepatitis''''' — '''''DVH''''' — '''''DH'''''
-Caused By: '''''Duck Hepatitis Virus 1 and 3'' — ''DHV-I'' — ''DHV-III''
+Caused By: '''''Duck Hepatitis Virus 1 and 3'' — ''DHV-1'' — ''DHV-3''
 ==Introduction==
-Duck hepatitis is caused by the [[:Category:Enteroviruses|'''enteroviruses''']] DHV-I and DHV-III.
+Duck hepatitis is caused by the [[:Category:Enteroviruses|'''enteroviruses''']] DHV-1 and DHV-3.
 It is a '''highly fatal''' disease of ducklings causing very high '''mortality''', '''opisthotonus''' and '''hepatitis'''.
 ==Signalment==
 Ducks are the only species naturally affected.
-DHV-I occurs only in '''young ducklings''', usually '''<6 weeks''' of age and spreads rapidly within a flock. It is the '''most virulent''' of the three.
+DHV-1 occurs only in '''young ducklings''', usually '''<6 weeks''' of age and spreads rapidly within a flock. It is the '''most virulent''' of the three.
-DHV-II is only reported in outdoor ducks on open fields.
+DHV-2, an astrovirus (duck astrovirus 1), not an enterovirus, has only been reported in outdoor ducks on open fields.
 Duck Hepatitis is not considered zoonotic.
 ==Distribution==
-DHV-I is present worldwide.
+DHV-1 is present worldwide.
-DHV-III has only occurred in the USA.
+DHV-2 has only been reported in Norfolk, England <ref> Asplin, F. D. (1965) '''Duck hepatitis: vaccination against two serological types. '''''Vet. Rec.'', 77:1529-1530</ref> and no outbreaks have been recorded since the 1980’s.
-The '''rat''' acts as a vector for Duck Hepatitis.
+DHV-3 has only been reported in the USA.
 ==Clinical Signs==
 '''Sudden deaths, Opisthotonus, Paresis''', Paralysis, Enopthalmos.
-DHV-I infection is most virulent. Death usually occurs within 1-2 hours of clinical signs.
+DHV-1 infection is most virulent. Morbidity is 100%, with mortality <95% up to one week of age, <50% for 1-3 weeks of age and negligible thereafter. Death usually occurs within 1-2 hours of clinical signs.
-Mortality rates are lower in DHV-II infections, reaching only 20%.
+Mortality rates are lower in DHV-2 infections, reaching only 20%.
 ==Diagnosis==
 On post-mortem examination, the '''[[Avian Liver - Anatomy & Physiology|liver]]''' is '''enlarged''', appears '''greenish''' and displays distinct '''ecchymotic haemorrhages'''.
-Splenic and [[Exotic Urinary System - Anatomy & Physiology#Avian||kidney]] swelling may also be evident. Cutaneous haemorrhage is often noted.
+Splenic and [[Exotic Urinary System - Anatomy & Physiology#Avian|kidney]] swelling may also be evident. Cutaneous haemorrhage is often noted.
 On histopathology, '''necrosis''' and inflammatory infiltrate are visible within hepatic cells.
-'''Innoculation''' from liver suspensions can be used for confirmation of all DHVs.
+'''Innoculation''' from liver suspensions can be used for confirmation of all DHVs using embryonated duck eggs, chicken eggs and tissue culture.
 '''Direct [[immunofluorescence]]''' can also confirm presence of DHV-I.
@@ Line 87: / Line 83: @@
 ==Control==
-'''Vaccination''' is only commercially available against '''DHV-I'''. Immunisation involves two or three innoculations. Live, live attenuated and inactivated forms are available.
+'''Vaccination''' is only commercially available against '''DHV-I'''. Immunisation involves two or three innoculations. Live, attenuated and inactivated forms are available.
 DHV-I can be prevented by '''strict isolation''' in the first 4-5 weeks of life.

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 |sub-order          =
 |super-family       =
-|family             = Astroviridae
+|family             = [[:Category:Astroviridae|Astroviridae]]
 |sub-family         =
 |genus              = Astrovirus
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 [[Category:CABI Expert Review]]
 [[Category:Enteroviruses]]
 [[Category:Avian Viruses]]
 [[Category:Alimentary Diseases - Birds]]
 [[Category:Neurological Diseases - Birds]]