Epidural - Revision history

Bara at 14:04, 24 May 2011

2011-05-24T14:04:07Z

Bara at 18:49, 25 January 2011

2011-01-25T18:49:30Z

A.allison at 14:58, 1 September 2009

2009-09-01T14:58:14Z

A.allison at 14:45, 1 September 2009

2009-09-01T14:45:22Z

Hstenning at 15:46, 15 April 2009

2009-04-15T15:46:35Z

Hstenning at 15:46, 15 April 2009

2009-04-15T15:46:20Z

Hstenning at 15:41, 15 April 2009

2009-04-15T15:41:27Z

Hstenning: New page: {{unfinished}} '''Epidurals''' involve the insertion of a needle into the epidural space with the injection of the agent, causing desensitisation of nerves in or near the spinal cord. The...

2009-04-15T15:40:46Z

New page: {{unfinished}} '''Epidurals''' involve the insertion of a needle into the epidural space with the injection of the agent, causing desensitisation of nerves in or near the spinal cord. The...

New page

{{unfinished}}

'''Epidurals''' involve the insertion of a needle into the epidural space with the injection of the agent, causing desensitisation of nerves in or near the spinal cord. The meninges remains intact. It is usually performed at the lumbosacral junction.

==Agents==
It is important to use preservative free agents, and those without epinephrine in the preparation.

===Opioids===
Thought to act at the presynaptic site in the dorsal horn. Here, it prevents substance P release and hyperpolarises nerve cells. This means that there is only loss of sensation rather then an effect on the motor function. ]

====Morphine====
Morphine is considered the most useful opioid due to its potency and long duration of action.

====Pethidine====
Used in cats and has a rapid onset of action, but relatively short duration of action.

===Local Anaesthetics===
Commonly used agents include [[#Local Anaesthetics|lidocaine]] and [[#Local Anaesthetics|bupivicaine]]

==Uses==
*Multimodal analgesia in small animals.

==Advantages==
*Good analgesic properties.
*Provide muscle relaxation.
*Reduces the need for a deep anaesthetic for painful procedures.

==Disadvantages==
*Affects the function of the hindlimbs, depending on the agent used, so cannot be used in the concious patient.

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-{{unfinished}}
+==Introduction==
 '''Epidurals''' involve the insertion of a needle into the epidural space with the injection of the agent, causing desensitisation of nerves in or near the spinal cord. The meninges remains intact. It is usually performed at the lumbosacral junction. Patients can be placed in either lateral or sternal recumbancy so that the wings of ilia can be palpated. The lumbosacral junction is caudal to this and should be palpated between the seventh lumbar vertebra and sacral ridge. The site should be prepared aseptically. The epidural space is reached when a ''pop'' is felt, which describes the entry through the ligamentum flavum.
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 [[Category:Local Analgesia]]

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 {{unfinished}}
-{{toplink
 <br>
 '''Epidurals''' involve the insertion of a needle into the epidural space with the injection of the agent, causing desensitisation of nerves in or near the spinal cord. The meninges remains intact. It is usually performed at the lumbosacral junction. Patients can be placed in either lateral or sternal recumbancy so that the wings of ilia can be palpated. The lumbosacral junction is caudal to this and should be palpated between the seventh lumbar vertebra and sacral ridge. The site should be prepared aseptically. The epidural space is reached when a ''pop'' is felt, which describes the entry through the ligamentum flavum.
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 *Affects the function of the hindlimbs, depending on the agent used, so cannot be used in the concious patient.
 *Requires practice to perform correctly.

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 |linktext =Anaesthesia
 |maplink= Anaesthesia Content Map - WikiClinical
-|sublink1=Principles of Anaesthesia
+|sublink1=Local Analgesia
-|subtext1=Principles of Anaesthesia
+|subtext1=Local Analgesia
 |pagetype=Clinical
 }}

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 {{unfinished}}
+{{toplink
 '''Epidurals''' involve the insertion of a needle into the epidural space with the injection of the agent, causing desensitisation of nerves in or near the spinal cord. The meninges remains intact. It is usually performed at the lumbosacral junction. Patients can be placed in either lateral or sternal recumbancy so that the wings of ilia can be palpated. The lumbosacral junction is caudal to this and should be palpated between the seventh lumbar vertebra and sacral ridge. The site should be prepared aseptically. The epidural space is reached when a ''pop'' is felt, which describes the entry through the ligamentum flavum.

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 {{unfinished}}
-'''Epidurals''' involve the insertion of a needle into the epidural space with the injection of the agent, causing desensitisation of nerves in or near the spinal cord. The meninges remains intact. It is usually performed at the lumbosacral junction. Patients can be placed in eithr lateral or sternal recumbancy so that the wings of ilia can be palpated. The lumbosacral junction is caudal to this and should be palpated between the seventh lumbar vertebra and sacral ridge. The site should be prepared aseptically. The epidural space is reached when a ''pop'' is felt, which describes the entry through the ligamentum flavum.
+'''Epidurals''' involve the insertion of a needle into the epidural space with the injection of the agent, causing desensitisation of nerves in or near the spinal cord. The meninges remains intact. It is usually performed at the lumbosacral junction. Patients can be placed in either lateral or sternal recumbancy so that the wings of ilia can be palpated. The lumbosacral junction is caudal to this and should be palpated between the seventh lumbar vertebra and sacral ridge. The site should be prepared aseptically. The epidural space is reached when a ''pop'' is felt, which describes the entry through the ligamentum flavum.
 ==Agents==

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:41, 15 April 2009
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	==Disadvantages==		==Disadvantages==
	*Affects the function of the hindlimbs, depending on the agent used, so cannot be used in the concious patient.		*Affects the function of the hindlimbs, depending on the agent used, so cannot be used in the concious patient.
		+	*Requires practice to perform correctly.