Equine Encephalitis Virus - Revision history

Bara at 15:18, 6 July 2012

2012-07-06T15:18:49Z

Bara: /* References */

2011-01-07T13:22:56Z

References

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Literature Search

Bara at 14:09, 29 September 2010

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Bara at 22:48, 26 July 2010

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Bara at 22:46, 26 July 2010

2010-07-26T22:46:38Z

Eca02csb: /* Introduction */

2010-07-22T15:40:42Z

Introduction

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 Also known as: '''''EEV — Alphavirus — Eastern Equine Encephalitis Virus, EEE — Western Equine Encephalitis Virus, WEE — Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis Virus, VEE
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 *Virus isolation is the most definitive diagnostic method for EEE or WEE.<ref name="again">''Manual of Diagnostic Tests and Vaccines for Terrestrial Animals'' found at http://www.oie.int/eng/normes/mmanual/A_00081.htm, accessed July 2010.</ref>.  Brain is preferred, but virus has also been isolated from the liver and spleen.<ref name="again">''Manual of Diagnostic Tests and Vaccines for Terrestrial Animals'' found at http://www.oie.int/eng/normes/mmanual/A_00081.htm, accessed July 2010.</ref>. Samples of these tissues should be taken in duplicate, one set for virus isolation and the other placed in formalin for histopathology.<ref name="again">''Manual of Diagnostic Tests and Vaccines for Terrestrial Animals'' found at http://www.oie.int/eng/normes/mmanual/A_00081.htm, accessed July 2010.</ref>. Viral isolation specimens should be sent frozen unless they can be received refrigerated within 48 hours of sampling.<ref name="again">''Manual of Diagnostic Tests and Vaccines for Terrestrial Animals'' found at http://www.oie.int/eng/normes/mmanual/A_00081.htm, accessed July 2010.</ref>.  Unless clinical signs persist for more than 5days prior to death, EEE virus is frequently isolated from equine brain tissue.  WEE virus, however, is rarely isolated from tissues of infected horses.   Newborn mice, chicken embryos and a number of cell culture systems can be used for virus isolation.<ref name="again">''Manual of Diagnostic Tests and Vaccines for Terrestrial Animals'' found at http://www.oie.int/eng/normes/mmanual/A_00081.htm, accessed July 2010.</ref>.  Virus may also be isolated from cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of acutely infected horses.<ref name="duplicate">Merck & Co (2008) The Merck Veterinary Manual (Eighth Edition), Merial found at http://www.merckvetmanual.com/mvm/index.jsp?cfile=htm/bc/100900.htm&word=Equine%2cencephalitis, accessed July 2010</ref>
-==Literature Search==
+{{Learning
-[[File:CABI logo.jpg|left|90px]]
+|literature search = [http://www.cabdirect.org/search.html?q=title%3A%28%22Equine+Encephalitis+Virus%22%29+AND+od%3A%28horses%29 Equine encephalitis virus in horses]
 [http://www.cabdirect.org/search.html?rowId=1&options1=AND&q1=%22Equine+Encephalitis+Virus%22&occuring1=title&rowId=2&options2=NOT&q2=horses&occuring2=od&rowId=3&options3=AND&q3=&occuring3=freetext&x=42&y=9&publishedstart=yyyy&publishedend=yyyy&calendarInput=yyyy-mm-dd&la=any&it=any&show=all Equine encephalitis virus in other species, including laboratory animals]
 ==References==
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 <references/>
 [[Category:Togaviridae]]

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:22, 7 January 2011
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 <br><br><br>
 [http://www.cabdirect.org/search.html?q=title%3A%28%22Equine+Encephalitis+Virus%22%29+AND+od%3A%28horses%29 Equine encephalitis virus in horses]
 ==References==

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+Also known as: '''''EEV — Alphavirus — Eastern Equine Encephalitis Virus, EEE — Western Equine Encephalitis Virus, WEE — Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis Virus, VEE
 ==Introduction==
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 *ELISA can be used to detect virus in brain tissue.  An antigen-capture ELISA, developed for EEE surveillance in mosquitoes, can be used where virus isolation and PCR facilities are unavailable. <ref>Brown, T.M, Mitchell, C.J, Nasci, R.S, Smith, G.C. and Roehrig, J.T. (2001). Detection of eastern equine encephalitis virus in infected mosquitoes using a monoclonal antibody-based antigen-capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, ''Am J Trop Med Hyg'', 65, 208-213.  In: ''Manual of Diagnostic Tests and Vaccines for Terrestrial Animals'' found at http://www.oie.int/eng/normes/mmanual/A_00081.htm, accessed July 2010.</ref>
 *Virus isolation is the most definitive diagnostic method for EEE or WEE.<ref name="again">''Manual of Diagnostic Tests and Vaccines for Terrestrial Animals'' found at http://www.oie.int/eng/normes/mmanual/A_00081.htm, accessed July 2010.</ref>.  Brain is preferred, but virus has also been isolated from the liver and spleen.<ref name="again">''Manual of Diagnostic Tests and Vaccines for Terrestrial Animals'' found at http://www.oie.int/eng/normes/mmanual/A_00081.htm, accessed July 2010.</ref>. Samples of these tissues should be taken in duplicate, one set for virus isolation and the other placed in formalin for histopathology.<ref name="again">''Manual of Diagnostic Tests and Vaccines for Terrestrial Animals'' found at http://www.oie.int/eng/normes/mmanual/A_00081.htm, accessed July 2010.</ref>. Viral isolation specimens should be sent frozen unless they can be received refrigerated within 48 hours of sampling.<ref name="again">''Manual of Diagnostic Tests and Vaccines for Terrestrial Animals'' found at http://www.oie.int/eng/normes/mmanual/A_00081.htm, accessed July 2010.</ref>.  Unless clinical signs persist for more than 5days prior to death, EEE virus is frequently isolated from equine brain tissue.  WEE virus, however, is rarely isolated from tissues of infected horses.   Newborn mice, chicken embryos and a number of cell culture systems can be used for virus isolation.<ref name="again">''Manual of Diagnostic Tests and Vaccines for Terrestrial Animals'' found at http://www.oie.int/eng/normes/mmanual/A_00081.htm, accessed July 2010.</ref>.  Virus may also be isolated from cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of acutely infected horses.<ref name="duplicate">Merck & Co (2008) The Merck Veterinary Manual (Eighth Edition), Merial found at http://www.merckvetmanual.com/mvm/index.jsp?cfile=htm/bc/100900.htm&word=Equine%2cencephalitis, accessed July 2010</ref>
 ==References==

← Older revision		Revision as of 22:46, 26 July 2010
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 '''Genus ''Alphavirus'''''
-Single-stranded, linear, positive-sense RNA viruses, 60-70nm in diameter.<ref name="multiple">Bertone, J.J (2010) Viral Encephalitis in Reed, S.M, Bayly, W.M. and Sellon, D.C (2010) '''Equine Internal Medicine''' (Third Edition), ''Saunders'', Chapter 12</ref>[[Image:Alphavirus.gif|300px|thumb|right|''' (Surface of an Alphavirus.  This image is a computer-generated model of the surface of an alphavirus derived by cryoelectron microscopy. The spike-like structures on the virion surface are trimers composed of heterodimers of the virion surface glycoproteins E1 and E2. These spikes are used by the virus to attach to susceptible animal cells.  ''Sourced from Wikimedia Commons, Copyright of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Division of Vector-Borne Infectious Diseases, 2007)'' ''']]
+Single-stranded, linear, positive-sense RNA viruses, 60-70nm in diameter.<ref name="multiple">Bertone, J.J (2010) Viral Encephalitis in Reed, S.M, Bayly, W.M. and Sellon, D.C (2010) '''Equine Internal Medicine''' (Third Edition), ''Saunders'', Chapter 12</ref>[[Image:Alphavirus.gif|300px|thumb|right|''Surface of an Alphavirus'' JoelMills 2007, Wikimedia Commons]]
 ===Important Serotypes===

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 '''Western Equine Encephalitis Virus, WEE<br>
 '''Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis Virus, VEE'''
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