Female Reproduction - Donkey - Revision history

Bara at 09:32, 1 November 2010

2010-11-01T09:32:50Z

Bara at 22:37, 22 March 2010

2010-03-22T22:37:25Z

Bara: Text replace - '[[Sponsors|' to '[[Sponsors#The Donkey Sanctuary|'

2010-02-25T11:26:50Z

Text replace - '[[Sponsors|' to '[[Sponsors#The Donkey Sanctuary|'

Bara at 10:54, 25 February 2010

2010-02-25T10:54:18Z

Bara at 22:23, 22 February 2010

2010-02-22T22:23:43Z

Bara at 22:20, 22 February 2010

2010-02-22T22:20:56Z

Bara at 22:12, 22 February 2010

2010-02-22T22:12:33Z

Bara at 22:10, 22 February 2010

2010-02-22T22:10:16Z

Bara at 22:00, 22 February 2010

2010-02-22T22:00:58Z

Bara at 21:56, 22 February 2010

2010-02-22T21:56:35Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 09:32, 1 November 2010
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	'''[[Post-partum - Donkey\|''Post-partum'']]		'''[[Post-partum - Donkey\|''Post-partum'']]
	</big>		</big>
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		+	==Literature Search==
		+	[[File:CABI logo.jpg\|left\|90px]]
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		+	Use these links to find recent scientific publications via CAB Abstracts (log in required unless accessing from a subscribing organisation).
		+	<br><br><br>
		+	[http://www.cabi.org/cabdirect/FullTextPDF/2010/20103178390.pdf ''' Ultrasound examination of the female miniature donkey reproductive tract.''' Purdy, S. R.; The North American Veterinary Conference, Gainesville, USA, Large animal. Proceedings of the North American Veterinary Conference, Orlando, Florida, USA, 16-20 January 2010, 2010, pp 257-261, 1 ref. - '''Full Text Article''']
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← Older revision		Revision as of 22:37, 22 March 2010
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	[[Category:Donkey]]		[[Category:Donkey]]
		+	[[Category:Reproduction_-_Donkey]]

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 {{infotable
-|Maintitle = [[Sponsors|This page was sponsored and content provided by '''THE DONKEY SANCTUARY''']]
+|Maintitle = [[Sponsors#The Donkey Sanctuary|This page was sponsored and content provided by '''THE DONKEY SANCTUARY''']]
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 [[Category:Donkey]]

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+{{infotable
 [[Category:Donkey]]

← Older revision		Revision as of 22:23, 22 February 2010
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	'''[[Post-partum - Donkey\|''Post-partum'']]		'''[[Post-partum - Donkey\|''Post-partum'']]
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−	* Fielding, D. (1988). ‘Reproductive characteristics of the jenny donkey - ''Equus asinus'': a review’. ''Tropical Animal Health and Production'' 20. pp 161-166.
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−	* Lun, S., He, C., Zhang, Y., Chen, Z., Hu, W., Lu, S., Jia, W., and Zhang, Q. (1998). ‘Preliminary study on development of follicles and formation of corpus luteum of the jenny and mare by ultrasonography’. ''Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica'' 29. pp 419-425.
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−	* Vandeplassche, G.M., Wesson, J.A., and Ginther, O.J. (1981). ‘Behavioral, follicular and gonadotropin changes during estrous cycle in donkeys’. ''Theriogenology'' 16. pp 239-249.
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-'''Uterine involution''' is still poorly studied in asinine species. One study on Catalonian jennies reported that gross uterine involution is completed by 22.5 ± 1.7 days ''post-partum'' (range of 18 to 27 days) (Dadarwal ''et al'', 2004). Vaginal discharge (clear odourless lochia) was present for up to seven days and intrauterine fluid was detected by ultrasound for up to 18 days in some females.
+* Fielding, D. (1988). ‘Reproductive characteristics of the jenny donkey - ''Equus asinus'': a review’. ''Tropical Animal Health and Production'' 20. pp 161-166.
-'''Foal heat''' occurs 8.6 days after foaling, but periods of 2 to 69 days have been reported. Dardawal ''et al'' (2004) found that, on the day of parturition, several 10 to 15 mm follicles are present and by 5 to 12 days ''post-partum'' at least one follicle has reached 25 mm in diameter. Behavioural oestrus seems to be less pronounced with the first ''post-partum'' ovulation.
+* Lun, S., He, C., Zhang, Y., Chen, Z., Hu, W., Lu, S., Jia, W., and Zhang, Q. (1998). ‘Preliminary study on development of follicles and formation of corpus luteum of the jenny and mare by ultrasonography’. ''Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica'' 29. pp 419-425.
 * Vandeplassche, G.M., Wesson, J.A., and Ginther, O.J. (1981). ‘Behavioral, follicular and gonadotropin changes during estrous cycle in donkeys’. ''Theriogenology'' 16. pp 239-249.

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 <big>
 '''[[Female Reproductive Anatomy - Donkey|Female reproductive anatomy peculiarities]]
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 '''[[Parturition - Donkey|Parturition]]
 '''[[Post-partum - Donkey|''Post-partum'']]
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 <big>
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 '''[[Pregnancy - Donkey|Pregnancy]]
 </big>
-'''Parturition presents in the classical three stages:'''
+Donkey '''dystocia''' cases have been reported, but their true incidence and nature is not known. Malformations such as  '''''schistosomus reflexus''''' and''' foetal ankylosis''' have been reported as causes of dystocia (Dubbin ''et al'', 1990). In miniature donkeys, dystocia may result following abortion due to foetal malformation. In equines, the uterus should be able to regulate foetal growth and reduce the rate of dystocia due to foetal-maternal disproportion. However, an increased rate of dystocia is commonly feared when jennies are bred to stallions.
-[[Image:Parturition stage 2 jenny donkey.jpg|right|thumb|300px|<small><center>Stage 2 of parturition: a) and b) The allantochorion has ruptured about five minutes before. The foal can be seen through the amniotic sac. (Image courtesy of   [http://drupal.thedonkeysanctuary.org.uk The Donkey Sanctuary])</center></small>]]
-[[Image:Parturition end of stage 2 jenny donkey.jpg|right|thumb|200px|<small><center>c) End of stage 2 of parturition (expulsion of the foetus): The entire stage 2 lasts about 20 minutes (5-35 minutes). (Image courtesy of    [http://drupal.thedonkeysanctuary.org.uk The Donkey Sanctuary])</center></small>]]
+'''Dystocia risks are increased in miniature donkeys''' because of the domed large forehead of some foals. Relief of dystocia is best accomplished under anaesthesia, with the jenny’s hindquarters suspended. '''Caesarean section''' is preferable to foetotomy. Long obstetrical manipulations have been associated with vaginal adhesions.
-[[Image:Parturition stage 3 jenny donkey.jpg|right|thumb|200px|<small><center>Stage 3 of parturition: This stage usually lasts around one hour but may take up to six hours. (Image courtesy of    [http://drupal.thedonkeysanctuary.org.uk The Donkey Sanctuary])</center></small>]]
-* '''Stage 1:''' (preparation for labour) Characterized by increased restlessness, isolation from herd mates and frequent alternation between standing and lying down.
+==References==
-* '''Stage 3:''' (expulsion of placenta) usually completed in one hour but may take up to six hours. Possible retention of the placenta should be closely monitored and treated if the placenta is not passed by six hours. Treatment with oxytocin intravenously (in lactate ringer) or intramuscularly is effective. However, jennies with '''retained placenta''' should also be monitored for '''hypocalcaemia'''.
+{{toplink
-'''Parturition can be induced''' by the administration of small doses of oxytocin. Criteria for induction of parturition are similar to those described for the mare, that is, pregnancy length >340 days, evidence of mammary development and waxing, change in pre-colostrum electrolyte and no abnormalities (Pashen, 1980).
+[[Category:Donkey]]
-Donkey '''dystocia''' cases have been reported, but their true incidence and nature is not known. Malformations such as  '''''schistosomus reflexus''''' and''' foetal ankylosis''' have been reported as causes of dystocia (Dubbin ''et al'', 1990). In miniature donkeys, dystocia may result following abortion due to foetal malformation. In equines, the uterus should be able to regulate foetal growth and reduce the rate of dystocia due to foetal-maternal disproportion. However, an increased rate of dystocia is commonly feared when jennies are bred to stallions.
+{{toplink
 '''Uterine involution''' is still poorly studied in asinine species. One study on Catalonian jennies reported that gross uterine involution is completed by 22.5 ± 1.7 days ''post-partum'' (range of 18 to 27 days) (Dadarwal ''et al'', 2004). Vaginal discharge (clear odourless lochia) was present for up to seven days and intrauterine fluid was detected by ultrasound for up to 18 days in some females.
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 * Vandeplassche, G.M., Wesson, J.A., and Ginther, O.J. (1981). ‘Behavioral, follicular and gonadotropin changes during estrous cycle in donkeys’. ''Theriogenology'' 16. pp 239-249.
 * Vendramini, O.K., Guintard, C., Moreau, J., and Tainturier, D. (1998). ‘Cervix conformation: a first anatomical approach in Baudet du Poitou jenny asses’. ''Animal Science'' 66. pp 741-744.
 {{toplink

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 '''[[Oestrus Cycle - Donkey|Oestrous cycle]]
 </big>
 ==Parturition and ''post-partum''==
 [[Image:Late term jenny donkey.jpg|right|thumb|300px|<small><center>Late term pregnant female showing mammary development and ventral oedema. Although this development takes place primarily in the last 48 hours of pregnancy, it may be present in some females up to two weeks before parturition. (Image courtesy of  [http://drupal.thedonkeysanctuary.org.uk The Donkey Sanctuary])</center></small>]]

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 '''[[Female Seasonality - Donkey|Seasonality]]
 </big>
 ==Pregnancy==