Foetal Circulation - Anatomy & Physiology - Revision history

Fiorecastro at 17:46, 4 January 2023

2023-01-04T17:46:00Z

Nshort at 15:32, 26 May 2015

2015-05-26T15:32:58Z

Nshort at 15:32, 26 May 2015

2015-05-26T15:32:30Z

Bara: /* Closure of the Ductus Arteriosus */

2013-10-15T15:31:54Z

Closure of the Ductus Arteriosus

Bara at 15:00, 28 June 2012

2012-06-28T15:00:06Z

Bara: Text replace - "[[Gestation -Placenta - Anatomy & Physiology" to "[[Placenta - Anatomy & Physiology"

2010-12-07T15:51:09Z

Text replace - "[[Gestation -Placenta - Anatomy & Physiology" to "[[Placenta - Anatomy & Physiology"

Bara at 14:48, 7 December 2010

2010-12-07T14:48:23Z

Bara at 16:01, 9 September 2010

2010-09-09T16:01:10Z

Bara at 15:43, 9 September 2010

2010-09-09T15:43:16Z

Bara at 15:12, 22 August 2010

2010-08-22T15:12:06Z

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-{{OpenPagesTop}}
 ===Foetal Circulation===
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 The ductus arteriosus is a muscular artery and immediately after birth, contraction of the musculature closes the shunt. Factors which may contribute to the physiological closure of the ductus arteriosus include the increased oxygen content of the blood passing through it and the production of bradykinin, which causes smooth muscle contraction. This physiological closure causes blood to be directed from the pulmonary arteries to the now functioning [[Lungs - Anatomy & Physiology|lungs]].  Anatomical closure takes about two months and occurs by infolding of the endothelium and proliferation of the subintimal connective tissue layer. The residual ligament is termed the ligamentum arteriosum.
-{{OpenPages}}
+==Webinars==
 [[Category:Pregnancy and Parturition]]
 [[Category:Cardiovascular System - Anatomy & Physiology]]
 [[Category:Developmental Biology]]
 [[Category:Cardiology Section]]

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:32, 26 May 2015
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	Prior to birth the foetus is not capable of respiratory function and thus relies on the maternal circulation to carry out gas, nutrient and waste exchange. The foetal and maternal blood never mix, instead they interface at the [[Placenta - Anatomy & Physiology\|placenta]]. Consequently the liver and the lungs are non-functional, and a series of shunts exist in the foetal circulation so that these organs are almost completely by-passed.		Prior to birth the foetus is not capable of respiratory function and thus relies on the maternal circulation to carry out gas, nutrient and waste exchange. The foetal and maternal blood never mix, instead they interface at the [[Placenta - Anatomy & Physiology\|placenta]]. Consequently the liver and the lungs are non-functional, and a series of shunts exist in the foetal circulation so that these organs are almost completely by-passed.
−

	====Shunt 1: The Ductus Venosus====		====Shunt 1: The Ductus Venosus====

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:32, 26 May 2015
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	Prior to birth the foetus is not capable of respiratory function and thus relies on the maternal circulation to carry out gas, nutrient and waste exchange. The foetal and maternal blood never mix, instead they interface at the [[Placenta - Anatomy & Physiology\|placenta]]. Consequently the liver and the lungs are non-functional, and a series of shunts exist in the foetal circulation so that these organs are almost completely by-passed.		Prior to birth the foetus is not capable of respiratory function and thus relies on the maternal circulation to carry out gas, nutrient and waste exchange. The foetal and maternal blood never mix, instead they interface at the [[Placenta - Anatomy & Physiology\|placenta]]. Consequently the liver and the lungs are non-functional, and a series of shunts exist in the foetal circulation so that these organs are almost completely by-passed.
		+

	====Shunt 1: The Ductus Venosus====		====Shunt 1: The Ductus Venosus====

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:31, 15 October 2013
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	[[Category:Cardiovascular System - Anatomy & Physiology]]		[[Category:Cardiovascular System - Anatomy & Physiology]]
	[[Category:Developmental Biology]]		[[Category:Developmental Biology]]
		+	[[Category:Cardiology Section]]

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 ===Foetal Circulation===
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 The ductus arteriosus is a muscular artery and immediately after birth, contraction of the musculature closes the shunt. Factors which may contribute to the physiological closure of the ductus arteriosus include the increased oxygen content of the blood passing through it and the production of bradykinin, which causes smooth muscle contraction. This physiological closure causes blood to be directed from the pulmonary arteries to the now functioning [[Lungs - Anatomy & Physiology|lungs]].  Anatomical closure takes about two months and occurs by infolding of the endothelium and proliferation of the subintimal connective tissue layer. The residual ligament is termed the ligamentum arteriosum.
+{{OpenPages}}
 [[Category:Pregnancy and Parturition]]
 [[Category:Cardiovascular System - Anatomy & Physiology]]
 [[Category:Developmental Biology]]

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 ===Foetal Circulation===
-Prior to birth the foetus is not capable of respiratory function and thus relies on the maternal circulation to carry out gas, nutrient and waste exchange. The foetal and maternal blood never mix, instead they interface at the [[Gestation -Placenta - Anatomy & Physiology|placenta]]. Consequently the liver and the lungs are non-functional, and a series of shunts exist in the foetal circulation so that these organs are almost completely by-passed.
+Prior to birth the foetus is not capable of respiratory function and thus relies on the maternal circulation to carry out gas, nutrient and waste exchange. The foetal and maternal blood never mix, instead they interface at the [[Placenta - Anatomy & Physiology|placenta]]. Consequently the liver and the lungs are non-functional, and a series of shunts exist in the foetal circulation so that these organs are almost completely by-passed.
 ====Shunt 1: The Ductus Venosus====
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 ====Shunt 3: The Ductus Arteriosus====
-The ductus arteriosus connects the pulmonary artery to the aorta and allows equivalent ventricular function in the foetus. The blood from the right ventricle is pumped to the pulmonary trunk where, due to the high resistance in the collapsed foetal lungs, a larger volume passes through the ductus arteriosus to the caudal aorta. Most of the blood in the aorta is then returned to the [[Gestation -Placenta - Anatomy & Physiology|placenta]] for oxygenation through the umbilical arteries. The ductus arteriosus empties blood into the aorta after the artery to the head has branched off thus ensuring that the brain receives well-oxygenated blood.
+The ductus arteriosus connects the pulmonary artery to the aorta and allows equivalent ventricular function in the foetus. The blood from the right ventricle is pumped to the pulmonary trunk where, due to the high resistance in the collapsed foetal lungs, a larger volume passes through the ductus arteriosus to the caudal aorta. Most of the blood in the aorta is then returned to the [[Placenta - Anatomy & Physiology|placenta]] for oxygenation through the umbilical arteries. The ductus arteriosus empties blood into the aorta after the artery to the head has branched off thus ensuring that the brain receives well-oxygenated blood.
 ===Circulatory Changes at Birth===
-Important circulatory changes occur at birth due to the replacement of the [[Gestation -Placenta - Anatomy & Physiology|placenta]] by the [[Lungs - Anatomy & Physiology|lungs]] as the organ of respiratory exchange. When an newly born animal takes its first  breath, the [[Lungs - Anatomy & Physiology|lungs]] and pulmonary vessels expand thereby significantly lowering the resistance to blood flow. This subsequently lowers the pressure in the pulmonary artery and the right side of the heart. On the other hand the removal of the [[Gestation -Placenta - Anatomy & Physiology|placenta]] causes an increase in the resistance of the systemic circulation and hence an increase in the pressure of the left side of the heart.
+Important circulatory changes occur at birth due to the replacement of the [[Placenta - Anatomy & Physiology|placenta]] by the [[Lungs - Anatomy & Physiology|lungs]] as the organ of respiratory exchange. When an newly born animal takes its first  breath, the [[Lungs - Anatomy & Physiology|lungs]] and pulmonary vessels expand thereby significantly lowering the resistance to blood flow. This subsequently lowers the pressure in the pulmonary artery and the right side of the heart. On the other hand the removal of the [[Placenta - Anatomy & Physiology|placenta]] causes an increase in the resistance of the systemic circulation and hence an increase in the pressure of the left side of the heart.
 The birth of the animal also triggers the closure of the foetal shunts:
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 ====Closure of the Foramen Ovale====
-In the foetus the foramen ovale is kept open by the higher pressure of blood in the right atrium compared to the left atrium. At birth the blood pressure in the right atrium decreases due to termination of blood flow from the [[Gestation -Placenta - Anatomy & Physiology|placenta]], whilst pressure in the left atrium increases due to increased pulmonary flow. As a result, the flap of the septum primum presses against the septum secundum closing the foramen ovale. In most individuals, the foramen ovale closes a few months after birth. A scar remains between the two atria once the foramen ovale has closed and this is termed the fossa ovalis.
+In the foetus the foramen ovale is kept open by the higher pressure of blood in the right atrium compared to the left atrium. At birth the blood pressure in the right atrium decreases due to termination of blood flow from the [[Placenta - Anatomy & Physiology|placenta]], whilst pressure in the left atrium increases due to increased pulmonary flow. As a result, the flap of the septum primum presses against the septum secundum closing the foramen ovale. In most individuals, the foramen ovale closes a few months after birth. A scar remains between the two atria once the foramen ovale has closed and this is termed the fossa ovalis.
 ====Closure of the Ductus Arteriosus====

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:01, 9 September 2010
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	[[Category:Reproductive System]]		[[Category:Reproductive System]]
	[[Category:Cardiovascular System - Anatomy & Physiology]]		[[Category:Cardiovascular System - Anatomy & Physiology]]
		+	[[Category:Developmental Biology]]

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 |linktext =Cardiorespiratory System
 |maplink = Cardiorespiratory System (Content Map) - Anatomy & Physiology
 |sublink1=Heart - Anatomy & Physiology
 |subtext1 = HEART
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 The ductus arteriosus is a muscular artery and immediately after birth, contraction of the musculature closes the shunt. Factors which may contribute to the physiological closure of the ductus arteriosus include the increased oxygen content of the blood passing through it and the production of bradykinin, which causes smooth muscle contraction. This physiological closure causes blood to be directed from the pulmonary arteries to the now functioning [[Lungs - Anatomy & Physiology|lungs]].  Anatomical closure takes about two months and occurs by infolding of the endothelium and proliferation of the subintimal connective tissue layer. The residual ligament is termed the ligamentum arteriosum.