Horn - Anatomy & Physiology - Revision history

Fiorecastro at 14:40, 9 January 2023

2023-01-09T14:40:40Z

Bara at 12:38, 19 June 2014

2014-06-19T12:38:00Z

Bara at 09:41, 28 October 2013

2013-10-28T09:41:57Z

Bara at 17:52, 29 June 2012

2012-06-29T17:52:00Z

Bara: /* Links */

2012-04-13T17:46:30Z

Links

Ctrace: /* Test yourself with the Integumentary System Flashcards */

2011-06-22T09:34:39Z

Test yourself with the Integumentary System Flashcards

Bara: Text replace - "-_Anatomy_%26_Physiology" to "- Anatomy & Physiology"

2010-11-29T15:22:06Z

Text replace - "-_Anatomy_%26_Physiology" to "- Anatomy & Physiology"

Bara at 10:54, 20 October 2010

2010-10-20T10:54:47Z

Bara: Text replace - "Paranasal sinuses - Anatomy & Physiology|" to "Paranasal Sinuses - Anatomy & Physiology|"

2010-09-10T13:10:14Z

Text replace - "Paranasal sinuses - Anatomy & Physiology|" to "Paranasal Sinuses - Anatomy & Physiology|"

Bara at 16:17, 29 August 2010

2010-08-29T16:17:25Z

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-{{OpenPagesTop}}
 ==Introduction==
 The keratin in the [[Skin - Anatomy & Physiology#Epidermis|epidermis]], when cornified and thickened, is referred to as '''horn'''.  Horn is particulary resistant to mechanical and chemical damage.  The [[Skin - Anatomy & Physiology#Dermis|dermis]] of horn gives the structures their 3-D structure and shape.  Cattle, some sheep, goats and antelope posess horns and these are permanent organs.  Breeds without horns are termed '''polled''' breeds.  Deer posess '''antlers''', which are temporary organs that develop during the '''rutting season''' and are then shed.
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 [http://www.guardian.co.uk/science/2008/mar/21/medicalresearch.animalbehaviour Moose's sharp hearing is attributed to antlers, James Randerson, The Guardian, Friday 21 March 2008]
-{{OpenPages}}
+==Webinars==
 [[Category:Integumentary System - Anatomy & Physiology]][[Category:Image Review]]

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 The keratin in the [[Skin - Anatomy & Physiology#Epidermis|epidermis]], when cornified and thickened, is referred to as '''horn'''.  Horn is particulary resistant to mechanical and chemical damage.  The [[Skin - Anatomy & Physiology#Dermis|dermis]] of horn gives the structures their 3-D structure and shape.  Cattle, some sheep, goats and antelope posess horns and these are permanent organs.  Breeds without horns are termed '''polled''' breeds.  Deer posess '''antlers''', which are temporary organs that develop during the '''rutting season''' and are then shed.
-==Structure and Function==
+==Horns==
 Horns have a central, conical bony core or '''cornual process''' that grows out from the [[Skull and Facial Muscles - Anatomy & Physiology#Frontal Bone|frontal bone]] of the skull.  After 6 months of age, the bone becomes hollow and the space within it is continuous with the [[Paranasal Sinuses - Anatomy & Physiology|frontal sinuses]].  The surface of the bone is ridged and porous and is covered with papillated [[Skin - Anatomy & Physiology#dermis|dermis]] that is continuous with the periosteum and [[Skin - Anatomy & Physiology#epidermis|epidermis]] which keratinises and forms the protective covering of the horn.  The substance of the horn is similar to that of the [[Hoof - Anatomy & Physiology|hoof]] and is a mixture of tubules and intertubular horn.  The new horn produced at the base is soft and often transparent and resembles the [[Hoof - Anatomy & Physiology|periople]] of the hoof, giving the horn a glossy appearance.
 [[image: Horns.jpg|thumb|200px|right|Horns are commonly observed in Highland cattle, as pictured here]]
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 The primary function of horns is to convey social hierarchy.  The larger the horns, the higher up the social group the animal is.  They also have a thermoregulatory roll in cattle and goats.  When the ambient temperature increases, the blood flow through the dermis of the horn also increases, thus facilitating heat loss through radiation from the horn surface.
-===Antlers===
+===Horn Procedures===
 '''Antlers''' are the usually large and complex horn-like appendages of most deer species, mostly present in males only, however, for some species such as caribou, are present in both sexes.  They consist of bony outgrowths from the [[Skull and Facial Muscles - Anatomy & Physiology|skull]] with no covering of keratin as is found in true horns.  Each antler grows from an attachment point on the skull called a''' pedicle'''. While an antler is growing it is covered with highly vascular [[Skin - Anatomy & Physiology|skin]] called '''velvet''', which supplies oxygen and nutrients to the growing bone; once the antler has achieved its proper size, the velvet is lost and the antler's bone dies. This dead bone structure is the mature antler.  Antlers shed after each mating season.
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 }}<br>
-===Links===
+==Links==
 [http://www.guardian.co.uk/science/2008/mar/21/medicalresearch.animalbehaviour Moose's sharp hearing is attributed to antlers, James Randerson, The Guardian, Friday 21 March 2008]
 {{OpenPages}}
 [[Category:Integumentary System - Anatomy & Physiology]][[Category:Image Review]]

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 ===Horns===
-Horns have a central, conical bony core or '''corunal process''' that grows out from the [[Skull and Facial Muscles - Anatomy & Physiology#Frontal Bone|frontal bone]] of the skull.  After 6 months of age, the bone becomes hollow and the space within it is continuous with the [[Paranasal Sinuses - Anatomy & Physiology|frontal sinuses]].  The surface of the bone is ridged and porous and is covered with papillated [[Skin - Anatomy & Physiology#dermis|dermis]] that is continuous with the periosteum and [[Skin - Anatomy & Physiology#epidermis|epidermis]] which keratinises and forms the protective covering of the horn.  The substance of the horn is similar to that of the [[Hoof - Anatomy & Physiology|hoof]] and is a mixture of tubules and intertubular horn.  The new horn produced at the base is soft and often transparent and resembles the [[Hoof - Anatomy & Physiology|periople]] of the hoof, giving the horn a glossy appearance.
+Horns have a central, conical bony core or '''cornual process''' that grows out from the [[Skull and Facial Muscles - Anatomy & Physiology#Frontal Bone|frontal bone]] of the skull.  After 6 months of age, the bone becomes hollow and the space within it is continuous with the [[Paranasal Sinuses - Anatomy & Physiology|frontal sinuses]].  The surface of the bone is ridged and porous and is covered with papillated [[Skin - Anatomy & Physiology#dermis|dermis]] that is continuous with the periosteum and [[Skin - Anatomy & Physiology#epidermis|epidermis]] which keratinises and forms the protective covering of the horn.  The substance of the horn is similar to that of the [[Hoof - Anatomy & Physiology|hoof]] and is a mixture of tubules and intertubular horn.  The new horn produced at the base is soft and often transparent and resembles the [[Hoof - Anatomy & Physiology|periople]] of the hoof, giving the horn a glossy appearance.
 [[image: Horns.jpg|thumb|200px|right|Horns are commonly observed in Highland cattle, as pictured here]]
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 If the skin covering the horn bud is not removed, the horn will continue to grow throughout the animal's life from the base, apically.  Growth zones are visible with differing thickness of the keratin layer, relating to the nutritional status of the animal at that time.
-The dermis of the horn is supplied by the '''corunal nerve''', which is a branch of the [[Cranial Nerves - Anatomy & Physiology|maxillary nerve]] ('''CN V''').  This nerve is often blocked to provide local anaesthesia in the disbudding or de-horning process.
+The dermis of the horn is supplied by the '''cornual nerve''', which is a branch of the [[Cranial Nerves - Anatomy & Physiology|maxillary nerve]] ('''CN V''').  This nerve is often blocked to provide local anaesthesia in the disbudding or de-horning process.
 The primary function of horns is to convey social hierarchy.  The larger the horns, the higher up the social group the animal is.  They also have a thermoregulatory roll in cattle and goats.  When the ambient temperature increases, the blood flow through the dermis of the horn also increases, thus facilitating heat loss through radiation from the horn surface.

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 ==Introduction==
 The keratin in the [[Skin - Anatomy & Physiology#Epidermis|epidermis]], when cornified and thickened, is referred to as '''horn'''.  Horn is particulary resistant to mechanical and chemical damage.  The [[Skin - Anatomy & Physiology#Dermis|dermis]] of horn gives the structures their 3-D structure and shape.  Cattle, some sheep, goats and antelope posess horns and these are permanent organs.  Breeds without horns are termed '''polled''' breeds.  Deer posess '''antlers''', which are temporary organs that develop during the '''rutting season''' and are then shed.
@@ Line 35: / Line 36: @@
 [http://www.guardian.co.uk/science/2008/mar/21/medicalresearch.animalbehaviour Moose's sharp hearing is attributed to antlers, James Randerson, The Guardian, Friday 21 March 2008]
+{{OpenPages}}
 [[Category:Integumentary System - Anatomy & Physiology]][[Category:Image Review]]

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 ===Links===
-http://www.guardian.co.uk/science/2008/mar/21/medicalresearch.animalbehaviour
+[http://www.guardian.co.uk/science/2008/mar/21/medicalresearch.animalbehaviour Moose's sharp hearing is attributed to antlers, James Randerson, The Guardian, Friday 21 March 2008]
 [[Category:Integumentary System - Anatomy & Physiology]][[Category:Image Review]]

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 Antlers also appear to act as large hearing aids.  This effect was discovered by researchers George and Peter Bubenik and the findings were published in the European Journal of Wildlife in March 2008. Moose with antlers have far more sensitive hearing than moose without. The pair then studied trophy antlers with an artificial ear, confirming the discovery of the effects on hearing by acting as a parabolic reflector.
-==Test yourself with the Integumentary System Flashcards==
+<br>
-[[Integumentary_System_- Anatomy & Physiology_-_Flashcards#Horn_Flashcards|Horn Flashcards]]
+{{Learning
 ===Links===

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 |linktext =INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM
 |maplink = Integumentary System (Content Map) - Anatomy & Physiology
 }}
 <br>
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 ===Links===
 http://www.guardian.co.uk/science/2008/mar/21/medicalresearch.animalbehaviour