Hyperoestrogenism - Ferret - Revision history

Fiorecastro at 14:04, 9 January 2023

2023-01-09T14:04:27Z

Bara at 18:12, 26 July 2012

2012-07-26T18:12:47Z

Bara at 21:39, 2 May 2012

2012-05-02T21:39:08Z

HelenD at 10:24, 2 August 2011

2011-08-02T10:24:04Z

Bara at 15:49, 16 July 2011

2011-07-16T15:49:57Z

Bara: /* Clinical Signs */

2011-07-16T15:48:03Z

Clinical Signs

Bara: /* Diagnosis */

2011-07-16T15:25:50Z

Diagnosis

Bara: /* Treatment/Prevention */

2011-07-16T15:25:09Z

Treatment/Prevention

Bara at 15:24, 16 July 2011

2011-07-16T15:24:18Z

HelenD at 08:44, 7 July 2011

2011-07-07T08:44:55Z

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-{{OpenPagesTop}}
 ==Introduction==
 Female ferrets (jills) are '''induced ovulators'''. Ovulation occurs 30-40 hours after copulation. Failure to mate can result in a prolonged oestrus for the duration of the breeding season. The '''high levels of oestrogens''' produced may cause bone marrow suppression with leucopenia, [[thrombocytopenia]] and aplastic anaemia.
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 {{review}}
-{{OpenPages}}
+==Webinars==
 [[Category:Expert Review - Exotics]]
 [[Category:Ferret Diseases]]

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 ==Introduction==
 Female ferrets (jills) are '''induced ovulators'''. Ovulation occurs 30-40 hours after copulation. Failure to mate can result in a prolonged oestrus for the duration of the breeding season. The '''high levels of oestrogens''' produced may cause bone marrow suppression with leucopenia, [[thrombocytopenia]] and aplastic anaemia.
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 {{review}}
 [[Category:Expert Review - Exotics]]
 [[Category:Ferret Diseases]]

← Older revision		Revision as of 21:39, 2 May 2012
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	{{review}}		{{review}}
	[[Category:Expert Review - Exotics]]		[[Category:Expert Review - Exotics]]
		+	[[Category:Ferret Diseases]]

← Older revision		Revision as of 10:24, 2 August 2011
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	'''Prevention:''' Ovariohysterectomy at 6-8 months of age is recommended for jills that are not to be bred. Entire female ferrets should not remain in heat longer than a month and ovulation should be induced by mating with a vasectomised male or by the use of hormones such as a proligestone injection before the start of the breeding season.		'''Prevention:''' Ovariohysterectomy at 6-8 months of age is recommended for jills that are not to be bred. Entire female ferrets should not remain in heat longer than a month and ovulation should be induced by mating with a vasectomised male or by the use of hormones such as a proligestone injection before the start of the breeding season.
		+
		+	{{Learning
		+	\|flashcards = [[Small Mammals Q&A 18]]
		+	}}

	==References==		==References==

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 ==Clinical Signs==
 '''Bilaterally symmetrical alopecia''' around the ventrum and tail, weight loss, '''pale mucous membranes''', tachypnoea, ecchymotic and '''petechial haemorrhages''' enlarged vulva and a serous or mucopurulent vaginal discharge.
 ==Diagnosis==
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 :'''Low PCV''' (normal 46-61%)
 :'''Pancytopenia''': [[Regenerative and Non-Regenerative Anaemias|non-regenerative anaemia]], thrombocytopenia, leucopenia
 ==Treatment/Prevention==

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 Jills with PCV values '''above 25%''' have a good prognosis and '''ovariohysterectomy''' is the fastest way to remove the source of oestrogens. '''Hormone treatments''' such as proligestone, HCG or GnRH injections can be used to induce ovulation. Signs of oestrus will abate within 10-11 days but it might take up to 4 months for the anaemia to resolve.
-PCV values '''between 15 and 25%''' hold a guarded prognosis, and supportive care such as [[:Categiry:Fluid Therapy|fluids and blood products]] need to be put in place before any surgery is attempted. Hormone injections can also be considered.
+PCV values '''between 15 and 25%''' hold a guarded prognosis, and supportive care such as [[:Category:Fluid Therapy|fluids and blood products]] need to be put in place before any surgery is attempted. Hormone injections can also be considered.
-The outlook for jills with a PCV '''below 15%''' is poor and intensive treatment including prophylactic antibiotics and :Category:Transfusion Medicine|'''multiple blood transfusions''']] will be necessary for several months.
+The outlook for jills with a PCV '''below 15%''' is poor and intensive treatment including prophylactic antibiotics and [[:Category:Transfusion Medicine|'''multiple blood transfusions''']] will be necessary for several months.
 '''Prevention:''' Ovariohysterectomy at 6-8 months of age is recommended for jills that are not to be bred. Entire female ferrets should not remain in heat longer than a month and ovulation should be induced by mating with a vasectomised male or by the use of hormones such as a proligestone injection before the start of the breeding season.
 ==References==

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-Hyperoestrogenism also occurs in the female ferret if an entire jill remains unbred for an extended period of time.
+All jills develop a mild anaemia at some point during oestrus and up to 50% of jills with prolonged oestrus will develop '''aplastic anaemia'''. If animals remain in oestrus for more than 1 month they are at risk of developing hyperoestrogenism and the reduction in platelet count can lead to '''haemorrhage and death'''.
-===Jills===
+==Clinical signs==
-Bilaterally symmetrical alopecia around the ventrum and tail, weight loss, pale mucous membranes, enlarged vulva and a serous or mucopurulent vaginal discharge.
+'''Bilaterally symmetrical alopecia''' around the ventrum and tail, weight loss, '''pale mucous membranes''', tachypnoea, ecchymotic and '''petechial haemorrhages''' enlarged vulva and a serous or mucopurulent vaginal discharge.
-===Jills===
+Haematology:
-===Jills===
+'''Pancytopenia''': non-regenerative anaemia, thrombocytopenia, leucopenia
-In milder cases, '''hormone treatments''' such as proligestone can be used to induce ovulation. Signs of oestrus will abate within 10-11 days but it might take up to 4 months for the anaemia to resolve.
+==Treatment/Prevention==
-The '''prognosis''' depends on the length of time the jill has been in oestrus and the PCV on presentation. If it is above 25% the prognosis is good. If it is below 15% the outlook is poor and intensive treatment along with multiple blood transfusions will be necessary for several months.
+Jills with PCV values '''above 25%''' have a good prognosis and '''ovariohysterectomy''' is the fastest way to remove the source of oestrogens. '''Hormone treatments''' such as proligestone, HCG or GnRH injections can be used to induce ovulation. Signs of oestrus will abate within 10-11 days but it might take up to 4 months for the anaemia to resolve.
-Female ferrets should not remain in heat longer than a month and ovulation should be induced by mating or hormone therapy before this. Ovariohysterectomy at 6-8 months of age is recommended for jills that are not to be bred.
+PCV values '''between 15 and 25%''' hold a guarded prognosis, and supportive care such as fluids and blood products need to be put in place before any surgery is attempted. Hormone injections can also be considered.
 ==References==
 Hubrecht, R. (2010) '''The UFAW Handbook on the Care and Management of Laboratory and other Research Animals''', ''John Wiley and Sons''
 [[Category:To Do - Helen]]