Ixodes spp. - Revision history

Bhavisha: /* Ixodes holocyclus */

2016-06-04T17:11:57Z

Ixodes holocyclus

Bara at 19:59, 11 July 2012

2012-07-11T19:59:19Z

Bara at 14:31, 16 June 2011

2011-06-16T14:31:44Z

Bara at 15:29, 4 June 2011

2011-06-04T15:29:10Z

Bara: Text replace - "Category:To_Do_-_NickJ" to ""

2010-10-09T23:27:59Z

Text replace - "Category:To_Do_-_NickJ" to ""

Bara at 13:29, 1 October 2010

2010-10-01T13:29:07Z

Eca02csb at 14:46, 20 August 2010

2010-08-20T14:46:27Z

Bara: /* Overseas Species */

2010-08-03T13:50:24Z

Overseas Species

Bara at 13:49, 3 August 2010

2010-08-03T13:49:34Z

Svycrnj at 16:18, 26 July 2010

2010-07-26T16:18:30Z

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 |flashcards = [[Ticks_Flashcards|Ticks Flashcards]]
 |literature search = [http://www.cabdirect.org/search.html?rowId=1&options1=AND&q1=Ixodes&occuring1=title&rowId=2&options2=AND&q2=&occuring2=freetext&rowId=3&options3=AND&q3=&occuring3=freetext&publishedstart=2000&publishedend=yyyy&calendarInput=yyyy-mm-dd&la=any&it=any&show=all&x=67&y=12 ''Ixodes'' spp. publications]
 }}

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 {{Taxobox
 |name               =Ixodes
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 {{review}}
 [[Category:Hard Ticks - UK]][[Category:Hard Ticks - Overseas]][[Category:Expert_Review]]

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 ==UK species==
 ===''I. ricinus''===
-This hard tick is found throughout Europe and north Africa living in woodland, forests and bushes. Its [[Tick Life Cycle|life cycle]] can last between 1 and 6 years but normally takes 2 or 3 and involves three hosts. When feeding the female can grow up to 200 times her original size, feeding also causes paralysis in the host. The adults will target medium to large mammals such as sheep, cattle, dogs, deer, horses and humans whilst the larval and nymphal stages will attack smaller mammals, birds and reptiles. Once the adult female has fed once for a number of hours and mated on the host she will drop to the floor and lay her eggs in matted vegetation before dieing. ''I.ricinus'' is known to transmit Lyme disease (''[[Borrelia burgdorferi]]'') to cattle, horse and humans as well as Q fever (''[[Coxiella burnetti]]''). There a number of other infectious agents transmitted by ''Ixodes'' species including ''[[Babesia]] divergens'', ''B.bovis'', '' B.ovis'', ''Rickettsia conorii'', ''[[Anaplasmas|Anaplasma marginale]]'', ''[[Ehrlichia phagocytophila]]'' and ''[[Staphylococcus aureus]]''.
+This hard tick is found throughout Europe and north Africa living in woodland, forests and bushes. Its [[Tick Life Cycle|life cycle]] can last between 1 and 6 years but normally takes 2 or 3 and involves three hosts. When feeding the female can grow up to 200 times her original size, feeding also causes paralysis in the host. The adults will target medium to large mammals such as sheep, cattle, dogs, deer, horses and humans whilst the larval and nymphal stages will attack smaller mammals, birds and reptiles. Once the adult female has fed once for a number of hours and mated on the host she will drop to the floor and lay her eggs in matted vegetation before dieing. ''I.ricinus'' is known to transmit Lyme disease (''[[Borrelia burgdorferi]]'') to cattle, horse and humans as well as Q fever (''[[Q Fever|Coxiella burnetti]]''). There a number of other infectious agents transmitted by ''Ixodes'' species including ''[[Babesia]] divergens'', ''B.bovis'', '' B.ovis'', ''Rickettsia conorii'', ''[[Anaplasmas|Anaplasma marginale]]'', ''[[Ehrlichia phagocytophila]]'' and ''[[Staphylococcus aureus]]''.
 ===''I. canisuga''===
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 Also known as: '''''Paralysis tick
-Found   in Australia and infects all mammals and birds but is of importance in   catlle, sheep, goats, dogs and cats. It is a three host tick and has a   standard ''Ixodes'' life cycle (as described above). These ticks are  the  primary cause of tick paralysis in Australia, reportedly  responsible  for upwards of 20000 cases of paralysis in domestic animals  annualy.  Even in infection with a small number of ticks, or the  developmental  stages, they can cause death in animals particularly in  young calves. On  top of the paralytic ability of these ticks they are  vectors for  ''Rickettsia australis'', Queensland tick typhus, and ''[[Q   fever|Coxiella burnetti]]'', Q fever.
+Found   in Australia and infects all mammals and birds but is of importance in   catlle, sheep, goats, dogs and cats. It is a three host tick and has a   standard ''Ixodes'' life cycle (as described above). These ticks are  the  primary cause of tick paralysis in Australia, reportedly  responsible  for upwards of 20000 cases of paralysis in domestic animals  annualy.  Even in infection with a small number of ticks, or the  developmental  stages, they can cause death in animals particularly in  young calves. On  top of the paralytic ability of these ticks they are  vectors for  ''Rickettsia australis'', Queensland tick typhus, and ''Coxiella burnetti'', Q fever.

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 {{Taxobox
 |name               =Ixodes
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 ==UK species==
 ===''I. ricinus''===
-This hard tick is found throughout Europe and north Africa living in woodland, forests and bushes. Its [[Tick Life Cycle|life cycle]] can last between 1 and 6 years but normally takes 2 or 3 and involves three hosts. When feeding the female can grow up to 200 times her original size, feeding also causes paralysis in the host. The adults will target medium to large mammals such as sheep, cattle, dogs, deer, horses and humans whilst the larval and nymphal stages will attack smaller mammals, birds and reptiles. Once the adult female has fed once for a number of hours and mated on the host she will drop to the floor and lay her eggs in matted vegetation before dieing. ''I.ricinus'' is known to transmit Lyme disease (''[[Borrelia burgdorferi]]'') to cattle, horse and humans as well as Q fever (''[[Coxiella burnetti]]''). There a number of other infectious agents transmitted by ''Ixodes'' species including ''[[Babesia]] divergens'', ''B.bovis'', '' B.ovis'', ''Rickettsia conorii'', ''[[Anaplasma marginale]]'', ''[[Ehrlichia phagocytophila]]'' and ''[[Staphylococcus aureus]]''.
+This hard tick is found throughout Europe and north Africa living in woodland, forests and bushes. Its [[Tick Life Cycle|life cycle]] can last between 1 and 6 years but normally takes 2 or 3 and involves three hosts. When feeding the female can grow up to 200 times her original size, feeding also causes paralysis in the host. The adults will target medium to large mammals such as sheep, cattle, dogs, deer, horses and humans whilst the larval and nymphal stages will attack smaller mammals, birds and reptiles. Once the adult female has fed once for a number of hours and mated on the host she will drop to the floor and lay her eggs in matted vegetation before dieing. ''I.ricinus'' is known to transmit Lyme disease (''[[Borrelia burgdorferi]]'') to cattle, horse and humans as well as Q fever (''[[Coxiella burnetti]]''). There a number of other infectious agents transmitted by ''Ixodes'' species including ''[[Babesia]] divergens'', ''B.bovis'', '' B.ovis'', ''Rickettsia conorii'', ''[[Anaplasmas|Anaplasma marginale]]'', ''[[Ehrlichia phagocytophila]]'' and ''[[Staphylococcus aureus]]''.
 ===''I. canisuga''===
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 Found   in Australia and infects all mammals and birds but is of importance in   catlle, sheep, goats, dogs and cats. It is a three host tick and has a   standard ''Ixodes'' life cycle (as described above). These ticks are  the  primary cause of tick paralysis in Australia, reportedly  responsible  for upwards of 20000 cases of paralysis in domestic animals  annualy.  Even in infection with a small number of ticks, or the  developmental  stages, they can cause death in animals particularly in  young calves. On  top of the paralytic ability of these ticks they are  vectors for  ''Rickettsia australis'', Queensland tick typhus, and ''[[Q   fever|Coxiella burnetti]]'', Q fever.
-[[Ticks_Flashcards|Ticks Flashcards]]
+{{Learning
 [[Category:Hard Ticks - UK]][[Category:Hard Ticks - Overseas]][[Category:Expert_Review]]

← Older revision		Revision as of 23:27, 9 October 2010
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	[http://www.cabdirect.org/search.html?rowId=1&options1=AND&q1=Ixodes&occuring1=title&rowId=2&options2=AND&q2=&occuring2=freetext&rowId=3&options3=AND&q3=&occuring3=freetext&publishedstart=2000&publishedend=yyyy&calendarInput=yyyy-mm-dd&la=any&it=any&show=all&x=67&y=12 ''Ixodes'' spp. publications]		[http://www.cabdirect.org/search.html?rowId=1&options1=AND&q1=Ixodes&occuring1=title&rowId=2&options2=AND&q2=&occuring2=freetext&rowId=3&options3=AND&q3=&occuring3=freetext&publishedstart=2000&publishedend=yyyy&calendarInput=yyyy-mm-dd&la=any&it=any&show=all&x=67&y=12 ''Ixodes'' spp. publications]

−	[[Category:Hard Ticks - UK~~]][[Category:To_Do_-_NickJ~~]][[Category:Hard Ticks - Overseas]][[Category:Expert_Review]]	+	[[Category:Hard Ticks - UK]][[Category:Hard Ticks - Overseas]][[Category:Expert_Review]]

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 |species            =
 }}
 ==Introduction==
 [[Image:Ixodes ricinus.jpg|thumb|right|150px|''Ixodes ricinus'' - Richard Bartz, Wikimedia Commons]]
 This is the largest genus of hard ticks globally and can be identified by;
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 *Long mouthparts
 There are a number of ''Ixodes'' species present in the UK, however the most prevalent are ''I.ricinus'', ''I.canisuga'' and ''I.trianguliceps''.
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 ===''Ixodes scapularis''===
 [[File:Ixodes scapularis.jpg|150px|thumb|right|''Ixodes scapularis'' - Dodo 2005, Wikimedia commons]]
-{| cellpadding="6" cellspacing="0" border="1"
+Also known as: '''''Deer tick — Shoulder tick — Black-legged tick
-| Also known as:
 This   tick is found in wooded areas throughout North America and can infect   all mammals and birds but the favoured host is the Deer. It requires a   high humidity in order to sruvive and so will only quest for hosts when   conditions are suitable, around August and May time. This is a three   host tick that takes 3 years to complete its life cycle although in this   period it only feeds for about 28 days. The tick feeds once at each   stage of its life, except the adult male that will feed intermittently   and remain on the host to mate. Mating takes place on the host,   following which the female will feed for about 14 days before being shed   from the host to lay eggs in a sheltered area before dieing. The bites   from ''I. scapularis'' are painful, more importantly however these  ticks  are the most common vector of Lyme disease in North America.  These  ticks are important zoonotically as the main vectors of human   granulocytic ehrlichiosis.
 ===''Ixodes holocyclus''===
 [[File:Ixodes   holocyclus.jpg|150px|thumb|right|''Ixodes holocyclus'' before and  after  feeding - Bjørn Christian Tørrissen, Wikimedia commons]]
-{| cellpadding="6" cellspacing="0" border="1"
+Also known as: '''''Paralysis tick
-| Also known as:
 Found   in Australia and infects all mammals and birds but is of importance in   catlle, sheep, goats, dogs and cats. It is a three host tick and has a   standard ''Ixodes'' life cycle (as described above). These ticks are  the  primary cause of tick paralysis in Australia, reportedly  responsible  for upwards of 20000 cases of paralysis in domestic animals  annualy.  Even in infection with a small number of ticks, or the  developmental  stages, they can cause death in animals particularly in  young calves. On  top of the paralytic ability of these ticks they are  vectors for  ''Rickettsia australis'', Queensland tick typhus, and ''[[Q   fever|Coxiella burnetti]]'', Q fever.
@@ Line 65: / Line 55: @@
 [[Ticks_Flashcards|Ticks Flashcards]]
 [[Category:Hard Ticks - UK]][[Category:To_Do_-_NickJ]][[Category:Hard Ticks - Overseas]][[Category:Expert_Review]]

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:46, 20 August 2010
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	Found in Australia and infects all mammals and birds but is of importance in catlle, sheep, goats, dogs and cats. It is a three host tick and has a standard ''Ixodes'' life cycle (as described above). These ticks are the primary cause of tick paralysis in Australia, reportedly responsible for upwards of 20000 cases of paralysis in domestic animals annualy. Even in infection with a small number of ticks, or the developmental stages, they can cause death in animals particularly in young calves. On top of the paralytic ability of these ticks they are vectors for ''Rickettsia australis'', Queensland tick typhus, and ''[[Q fever\|Coxiella burnetti]]'', Q fever.		Found in Australia and infects all mammals and birds but is of importance in catlle, sheep, goats, dogs and cats. It is a three host tick and has a standard ''Ixodes'' life cycle (as described above). These ticks are the primary cause of tick paralysis in Australia, reportedly responsible for upwards of 20000 cases of paralysis in domestic animals annualy. Even in infection with a small number of ticks, or the developmental stages, they can cause death in animals particularly in young calves. On top of the paralytic ability of these ticks they are vectors for ''Rickettsia australis'', Queensland tick typhus, and ''[[Q fever\|Coxiella burnetti]]'', Q fever.

		+	==Test yourself with the Ticks Flashcards==
		+
		+	[[Ticks_Flashcards\|Ticks Flashcards]]

	[[Category:Hard Ticks - UK]][[Category:To_Do_-_NickJ]][[Category:Hard Ticks - Overseas]][[Category:Expert_Review]]		[[Category:Hard Ticks - UK]][[Category:To_Do_-_NickJ]][[Category:Hard Ticks - Overseas]][[Category:Expert_Review]]

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 |name               =Ixodes
 |kingdom            =Animalia
-|phylum             =Arthropoda
+|phylum             =[[:Category:Arthropods|Arthropoda]]
-|class              =Arachnida
+|class              =[[:Category:Arachnida|Arachnida]]
 |order              =Ixodida
 |family             =Ixodidae
@@ Line 11: / Line 11: @@
 |species            =
 }}
 ==Introduction==
 [[Image:Ixodes ricinus.jpg|thumb|right|150px|''Ixodes ricinus'' - Richard Bartz, Wikimedia Commons]]
-''Ixodes spp.'' can be identified by;
 *Long palps
 *Absent eyes
-*Not ornate
+*Not ornate scutums
 *No festoons
 *Anterior anal grooves
 There are a number of ''Ixodes'' species present in the UK, however the most prevalent are ''I.ricinus'', ''I.canisuga'' and ''I.trianguliceps''.
 ===''I. ricinus''===
 This hard tick is found throughout Europe and north Africa living in woodland, forests and bushes. Its [[Tick Life Cycle|life cycle]] can last between 1 and 6 years but normally takes 2 or 3 and involves three hosts. When feeding the female can grow up to 200 times her original size, feeding also causes paralysis in the host. The adults will target medium to large mammals such as sheep, cattle, dogs, deer, horses and humans whilst the larval and nymphal stages will attack smaller mammals, birds and reptiles. Once the adult female has fed once for a number of hours and mated on the host she will drop to the floor and lay her eggs in matted vegetation before dieing. ''I.ricinus'' is known to transmit Lyme disease (''[[Borrelia burgdorferi]]'') to cattle, horse and humans as well as Q fever (''[[Coxiella burnetti]]''). There a number of other infectious agents transmitted by ''Ixodes'' species including ''[[Babesia]] divergens'', ''B.bovis'', '' B.ovis'', ''Rickettsia conorii'', ''[[Anaplasma marginale]]'', ''[[Ehrlichia phagocytophila]]'' and ''[[Staphylococcus aureus]]''.
@@ Line 36: / Line 42: @@
 ===I. hexagonus===
 This is known as the hedgehog tick however it will also affect dogs, cats, ferrets and weasels. This is commonly seen in small animal practice.
-[[Category:Hard Ticks - UK]][[Category:To_Do_-_NickJ]][[Category:Expert_Review]]
+[[Category:Hard Ticks - UK]][[Category:To_Do_-_NickJ]][[Category:Hard Ticks - Overseas]][[Category:Expert_Review]]