Laryngeal Paralysis - Revision history

Bara at 12:15, 9 August 2012

2012-08-09T12:15:09Z

Bara at 20:40, 23 October 2011

2011-10-23T20:40:28Z

HelenD at 08:24, 5 September 2011

2011-09-05T08:24:58Z

Bara at 14:38, 21 February 2011

2011-02-21T14:38:14Z

Bara: Created page with "*Axonal degeneration and subsequent dysfunction of the recurrent laryngeal nerve -> atrophy and functional paralysis of the cricoarytenoid muscle which is the main abductor of th..."

2011-02-18T12:34:12Z

Created page with "*Axonal degeneration and subsequent dysfunction of the recurrent laryngeal nerve -> atrophy and functional paralysis of the cricoarytenoid muscle which is the main abductor of th..."

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*Axonal degeneration and subsequent dysfunction of the recurrent laryngeal nerve -> atrophy and functional paralysis of the cricoarytenoid muscle which is the main abductor of the arytenoid cartilage -> inability to abduct arytenoid cartilage -> incomplete dilation of the [[Larynx - Anatomy & Physiology|larynx]] during inspiration and the flaccid arytenoid cartilage can be sucked into the laryngeal lumen during inspiration -> inspiratory dyspnoea
*Caused by idiopathic neuronal degeneration
*In Dogs
**Mainly large breeds eg: Labradors
**Usually bilateral disease
**Usually associated with other clinically apparent neurological or electromyographic defects
**May be caused by:
***[[Thyroid Gland - Pathology#Hypothyroidism|Hypothyroidism]]
***Toxins - organophosphate toxicity, lead poisoning
***Congenital abnormalities of the recurrent laryngeal nerve and brain stem - young age of onset
***Secondary compression or inflammation of the recurrent laryngeal nerve

==Test yourself with the Larynx Pathology Flashcards==

[[Larynx_Flashcards_-_Pathology|Larynx Pathology Flashcards]]

[[Category:Larynx - Pathology]]
[[Category:Respiratory System - Degenerative Pathology]]

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 ==Introduction==
 The [[Larynx - Anatomy & Physiology|larynx]] functions to regular airflow and voice production and to prevent inhalation of food. The arytenoid cartilages of the larynx abduct at each inspiration, and are controlled by the [[Larynx - Anatomy & Physiology#Intrinsic Musculature|
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 {{review}}
 [[Category:Respiratory Diseases - Dog]]
 [[Category:Respiratory Diseases - Cat]]

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 ==Introduction==
-The larynx functions to regular airflow and voice production and to prevent inhalation of food. The arytenoid cartilages of the larynx abduct at each inspiration, and are controlled by the '''dorsal cricoarytenoid muscles'''. These are innervated by the '''recurrent laryngeal nerve'''.
+The [[Larynx - Anatomy & Physiology|larynx]] functions to regular airflow and voice production and to prevent inhalation of food. The arytenoid cartilages of the larynx abduct at each inspiration, and are controlled by the [[Larynx - Anatomy & Physiology#Intrinsic Musculature|
 Lesions to this nerve or to the muscle result in laryngeal paralysis, which can be unilateral or bilateral. The flaccid arytenoid cartilage is sucked into the laryngeal lumen during inspiration, leading to an '''inspiratory dyspnoea'''.
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 Congenital and acquired forms have been recognised in dogs and cats:
-<u>Congenital laryngeal paralysis</u>: reported in the Bouvier des Flandres, bull terriers, dalmatians, rottweilers and huskies.
+<u>Congenital laryngeal paralysis</u>: reported in the Bouvier des Flandres, Bull Terriers, Dalmatians, Rottweilers and Huskies.
-There is Wallerian degeneration of the recurrent laryngeal nerve and abnormalities of the nucleus ambiguus.
+There is [[Wallerian Degeneration|Wallerian degeneration]] of the recurrent laryngeal nerve and abnormalities of the nucleus ambiguus.
 The disease appears '''before 1 year of age''', earlier than in dogs with the acquired form.
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 <u>Acquired laryngeal paralysis</u>: most common in '''large breed dogs''' such as Labradors, St Bernards, Irish Setters over the age of 9. It has also been reported in cats. It occurs three times more commonly in males than in females.
-The most common cause is '''idiopathic''', but other causes include: '''trauma''', '''neck surgery''' (thyroidectomies in cats), '''cranial mediastinal or neck mass''', '''hypothyroidism''' causing a polyneuropathy and polymyopathy.
+The most common cause is '''idiopathic''', but other causes include: '''trauma''', '''neck surgery''' (thyroidectomies in cats), '''cranial mediastinal or neck mass''', '''[[hypothyroidism]]''' causing a polyneuropathy and polymyopathy.
 ==Clinical Signs==
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 Norsworthy, G. (2010) '''The Feline Patient''' ''Wiley-Blackwell''
 [[Category:Larynx - Pathology]]
 [[Category:Respiratory System - Degenerative Pathology]]

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 **Usually associated with other clinically apparent neurological or electromyographic defects
 **May be caused by:
-***[[Thyroid Gland - Pathology#Hypothyroidism|Hypothyroidism]]
+***[[Hypothyroidism|Hypothyroidism]]
 ***Toxins - organophosphate toxicity, lead poisoning
 ***Congenital abnormalities of the recurrent laryngeal nerve and brain stem - young age of onset