Lawsonia intracellularis - Revision history

Bara at 16:54, 30 July 2012

2012-07-30T16:54:28Z

Bara at 21:41, 30 June 2011

2011-06-30T21:41:29Z

Bara at 13:45, 10 May 2011

2011-05-10T13:45:45Z

Bara at 18:23, 14 March 2011

2011-03-14T18:23:16Z

Bara: /* References */

2011-03-14T15:12:17Z

References

Bara at 15:08, 14 March 2011

2011-03-14T15:08:38Z

Bara: /* Treatment and control */

2011-02-24T16:42:42Z

Treatment and control

Bara: /* Treatment and control */

2011-01-17T18:22:39Z

Treatment and control

Bara at 10:23, 25 June 2010

2010-06-25T10:23:42Z

Bara at 22:14, 1 June 2010

2010-06-01T22:14:37Z

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 Also known as: '''''Porcine Adenomatosis Complex — Porcine Intestinal Adenomatosis — Porcine Proliferative Enteropathy '''''
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 {{review}}
 [[Category:Enteritis,_Proliferative]] [[Category:Intestinal_Diseases_-_Pig]] [[Category:Enteritis,_Bacterial]] [[Category:Expert_Review - Farm Animal]]
 [[Category:Spirochaetaceae]][[Category:Gram_negative_bacteria]][[Category:Rods]][[Category:Pig Bacteria]]

← Older revision		Revision as of 21:41, 30 June 2011
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−	Also known as: '''''Porcine Adenomatosis Complex - Porcine Intestinal Adenomatosis - Porcine Proliferative Enteropathy '''''	+	Also known as: '''''Porcine Adenomatosis Complex — Porcine Intestinal Adenomatosis — Porcine Proliferative Enteropathy '''''

	== Introduction ==		== Introduction ==

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 Also known as: '''''Porcine Adenomatosis Complex - Porcine Intestinal Adenomatosis - Porcine Proliferative Enteropathy '''''
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 == References  ==
-Cowart, R.P. and Casteel, S.W. (2001) An Outline of Swine diseases: a handbook Wiley-Blackwell
+Cowart, R.P. and Casteel, S.W. (2001) '''An Outline of Swine diseases: a handbook '''''Wiley-Blackwell ''
-Jackson, G.G. and Cockcroft, P.D. (2007) Handbook of Pig Medicine Saunders Elsevier
+Jackson, G.G. and Cockcroft, P.D. (2007) '''Handbook of Pig Medicine '''''Saunders Elsevier ''
 [[Category:Enteritis,_Proliferative]] [[Category:Intestinal_Diseases_-_Pig]] [[Category:Enteritis,_Bacterial]] [[Category:Expert_Review - Farm Animal]]
 [[Category:Spirochaetaceae]][[Category:Gram_negative_bacteria]][[Category:Rods]][[Category:Pig Bacteria]]

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 == Introduction  ==
+[[Image:porcine intestinal adenomatosis campylobacter.jpg|thumb|right|150px|Campylobacter mucosalis in intracellular porcine intestinal adenomatosis (Courtesy of Bristol BioMed Image Archive)]]
 Porcine adenomatosis complex is a disease caused by the obligatory intracellular organism '''''Lawsonia intracellularis''''', a spirochete that does not grow well in the laboratory except in enterocyte tissue culture. It is a slender, curved, microaerophilic, gram negative rod.

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:12, 14 March 2011
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	[[Category:Enteritis,_Proliferative]] [[Category:Intestinal_Diseases_-_Pig]] [[Category:Enteritis,_Bacterial]] [[Category:Expert_Review - Farm Animal]]		[[Category:Enteritis,_Proliferative]] [[Category:Intestinal_Diseases_-_Pig]] [[Category:Enteritis,_Bacterial]] [[Category:Expert_Review - Farm Animal]]

−	[[Category:~~Bacteria miscellaneous~~]][[Category:Gram_negative_bacteria]][[Category:Rods]][[Category:Pig Bacteria]]	+	[[Category:Spirochaetaceae]][[Category:Gram_negative_bacteria]][[Category:Rods]][[Category:Pig Bacteria]]

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 {{review}}
-===Overview===
+== Introduction  ==
-*Causes [[Porcine Adenomatosis Complex|porcine proliferative enteropathy]]
+Porcine adenomatosis complex is a disease caused by the obligatory intracellular organism '''''Lawsonia intracellularis''''', a spirochete that does not grow well in the laboratory except in enterocyte tissue culture. It is a slender, curved, microaerophilic, gram negative rod.
-===Characteristics===
+It is only seen in pigs, worldwide, including the United Kingdom. It is characterised by proliferative changes in the epithelium of the small and large intestinal mucosa and is excreted in small amounts in faeces of infected pigs.
-*Slender, curved, Gram negative rod
+==Signalment==
-===Pathogenesis and pathogenicity===
+==Pathogenesis==
-*Affinity for porcine enterocytes
+The bacterium has an affinity for porcine enterocytes. There may be synergistic relationship between ''L. intracellularis'' and intestinal flora including [[Escherichia coli|''E. coli'']], [[:Category:Clostridium species|''Clostridium'' species]] and ''[[Bacteroides]]'' species. The intestinal organisms may produce correct oxygen tension and conditions for colonisation by ''L. intracellularis''. Infection can only take place in presence of intestinal flora.
-===Clinical disease===
+'''Intestinal adenomatosis - '''The basic hyperplastic and metaplastic changes are seen in the epithelium, which causes chronic weight loss and diarrhoea.
-*Proliferative enteropathy occurs in weaned pigs, 6-12 weeks old
+'''Necrotic enteritis''' - Predominately affects the colon and terminal ileum and parts of the hyperplastic mucosa develop erosions and ulcerations which then become colonised by ''Fusiformis'' baceria.
-===Diagnosis===
+'''Terminal ileitis - '''Characterised by marked hypertrophic thickening of the muscular portion of the wall of the terminal ileum and there is associated thickening of the mucosa due to hypertrophy and secondary granulomatous inflammation, which is caused by a degree of obstruction to the passage of ingesta along the bowel caused by the mucosal hypertrophy. Its appearance is very similar to [[Johne's Disease|Johnes disease]] with lots of mononuclear cells and a chronic granulomatous type of inflammation.
-*Clinical signs and pathology give a presumptive diagnosis
+'''Proliferative haemorrhagic syndrome - '''The bowel shows proliferation but with ulceration and copious haemorrhage into the bowel lumen. Animals are often found dead. The pathogenesis is unclear but may involve a type of hypersensitivity reaction or secondary infection of some type.
-===Treatment and control===
+Clinical signs are variable and can range from anything from poor weight gain to diarrhoea, weight loss, cachexia and death and appears usually in weaned pigs from age 3-4 weeks to adulthood.
-*Antibiotics such as tylosin, tiamulin used prophylactically or therapeutically in feed/water
+It is seen often as a problem in closed, low infection herds and can lead to a decrease in production of up to 8%. It is not seen in pigs with lots of other pathogens in guts.
-* Causes [[Porcine Adenomatosis Complex|porcine intestinal adenomatosis]]
+Clinical signs of a failure to thrive and history of a closed herd plus signalment of pigs is indicative. On post mortem examination, the terminal [[Small Intestine Overview - Anatomy & Physiology|small intestine]] and [[Colon - Anatomy & Physiology|colon]] are affected by proliferation of the mucosal epithelium. Signs will include thickened mucosal epithelium, polypoid-like nodules several millimetres in diameter. There may also be undifferentiated epithelium replacing goblet cells. Its appearance is almost neoplastic.
-* [[Swine Dysentery|''Brachispira hyodysenteriae'']](Principles of Microbiology Notes (Bacteriology) p. 85).
+Histologically it will appear similar to a virus induced proliferation. Organisms seen in the apical part of epithelial cells lining glands of terminal [[Ileum - Anatomy & Physiology|ileum]], [[Colon - Anatomy & Physiology|colon]] and [[Caecum - Anatomy & Physiology|caecum]].
 [[Category:Bacteria miscellaneous]][[Category:Gram_negative_bacteria]][[Category:Rods]][[Category:Pig Bacteria]]

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 *Zinc bacitracin in feed
 *Thorough cleaning and disinfection of premises
 [[Category:Bacteria miscellaneous]][[Category:Gram_negative_bacteria]][[Category:Rods]][[Category:Pig Bacteria]]
 [[Category:To_Do_-_Bacteria]]

← Older revision		Revision as of 10:23, 25 June 2010
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	*Thorough cleaning and disinfection of premises		*Thorough cleaning and disinfection of premises
	[[Category:Bacteria miscellaneous]][[Category:Gram_negative_bacteria]][[Category:Rods]][[Category:Pig]]		[[Category:Bacteria miscellaneous]][[Category:Gram_negative_bacteria]][[Category:Rods]][[Category:Pig]]
		+	[[Category:To_Do_-_Bacteria]]