Liver Failure - Revision history

Bara: /* Clinical Signs */

2011-09-01T17:40:30Z

Clinical Signs

Bara at 17:40, 1 September 2011

2011-09-01T17:40:09Z

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Siobhanbrade at 17:35, 31 August 2011

2011-08-31T17:35:56Z

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Siobhanbrade: /* Prognosis */

2011-08-31T16:30:24Z

Prognosis

Siobhanbrade at 16:34, 30 August 2011

2011-08-30T16:34:15Z

Siobhanbrade at 12:06, 30 August 2011

2011-08-30T12:06:08Z

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Siobhanbrade at 16:17, 28 August 2011

2011-08-28T16:17:13Z

Siobhanbrade at 18:42, 25 August 2011

2011-08-25T18:42:57Z

Siobhanbrade at 11:24, 25 August 2011

2011-08-25T11:24:28Z

Siobhanbrade at 17:49, 23 August 2011

2011-08-23T17:49:15Z

@@ Line 34: / Line 34: @@
 * '''[[Bleeding Tendencies]] or coagulopathy'''
 * '''[[Hypoalbuminaemia]] and ascites'''
-* '''Hepatomegaly or [[:iver Fibrosis|fibrosis]] of the liver'''
+* '''Hepatomegaly or [[Liver Fibrosis|fibrosis]] of the liver'''
 * '''Drug intolerance'''
 These specific signs are more likely to occur further into the disease course as the liver has an extremely large functional reserve.
 ==Diagnosis==

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:30, 31 August 2011
Line 99:		Line 99:

	==Prognosis==		==Prognosis==
−	Prognosis depends on the success of treatment. Once '''fibrosis''' of the liver has occured it is '''irreversible''' and functionality is lost forever.	+	Prognosis depends on the success of treatment. Once '''fibrosis''' and '''cirrhosis''' of the liver has occured it is '''irreversible''' and functionality of the damaged portion is lost forever. If this is widespread then the prognosis is '''poor'''.

@@ Line 107: / Line 107: @@
 ==References==
 Rutgers, C (1996) '''Liver disease in dogs''' ''In Practice 1996 18: 433-44''
-Rutgers, C (1996) ''Feline liver disease''' ''In Practice 1998 20: 16-2''
+Rutgers, C (1996) '''Feline liver disease''' ''In Practice 1998 20: 16-2''
 [[Category: To Do - Siobhan Brade]]
 [[Category:To Do - Manson]]

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 ==Introduction==
-Liver failure results from inadequate [[Liver - Anatomy & Physiology|liver]] function. It occurs even though the [[Liver - Anatomy & Physiology|liver]] has a large functional reserve and a high regenerative capacity.
+Liver failure results from inadequate [[Liver - Anatomy & Physiology|liver]] function. It occurs even though the [[Liver - Anatomy & Physiology|liver]] has a large functional reserve and a high regenerative capacity. Due to the multiple functions of the liver the animal may present with a variety of clinical signs and although some syndromes such as GI ulceration and jaundice are very suggestive of hepatic disease, often ancillary tests are necessary to diagnose liver failure.
 ==Causes==
 ===Low Liver Mass===
-With low liver mass the functional reserve is depleted
+A low liver mass depletes the functional reserve.
 NB: [[Liver - Anatomy & Physiology|liver]] enzyme levels in blood may not be markedly raised in chronic ongoing [[Liver - Anatomy & Physiology|liver]] damage because there may be few [[Liver - Anatomy & Physiology|liver]] cells remaining to leak enyzmes
@@ Line 15: / Line 19: @@
 ===Impaired Function of One Specific/Many of its Diverse Functions===
-'''1) Failure of detoxification'''
+The livers many functions include detoxification and inactivation of drugs and hormones; carbohydrate metabolism; lipid metabolism and storage; biotransformation and excretion; immunological function; vitamin storage, activation and elimination; and the storage of minerals. Failure of one or more of these functions can result in disease.
-===Inactivation of Endocrine Hormones===
+==Signalment==
 ==Clinical Signs==
-The animal may present with non specific signs such as weight loss, anorexia, vomiting, diarrhoea, lethargy and PU/PD. The may also present with syndromes specifically related to primary or secondary liver disease such as:
+The animal may present with non specific signs such as weight loss, anorexia, vomiting, diarrhoea, lethargy and PU/PD. As these signs may occur in many disease processes, clinical pathology may be necessary to confirm liver disease. The may also present with syndromes specifically related to primary or secondary liver disease such as:
 * [[Icterus]]
@@ Line 67: / Line 40: @@
 * Drug intolerance
 ==Diagnosis==
@@ Line 75: / Line 50: @@
 * Coagulation profile
-plasma ammonia
+* Plasma ammonia
-abdominocentesis
+* Abdominocentesis
 ===Biopsy===
 ==Treatment==
-* Remove causative agent
+The aim of treatment are to:
 * Stop inflammation
 * Minimise fibrosis
 * Promote regeneration
 * Treat secondary complications such a ascites, secondary bacterial infection and hepatic encephalopathy.
 ==References==
@@ Line 95: / Line 82: @@
 Bexfield, N & Watson, P (2006) '''Diagnosis of canine liver disease''' ''In Practice 2006 28: 444-45''

@@ Line 29: / Line 29: @@
 ==Liver Function==
-* PROTEIN METABOLISM
+===Protein Synthesis===
 Protein synthesis, regulation of amino acids Ammonia synthesis and detoxification
-* CARBOHYDRATE METABOLISM
 Blood glucose regulation Maintenance of glycogen reserve Regulation of intermediary carbohydrate metabolism
-* LIPID METABOLISM
 Synthesis of cholesterol, phospholipids and lipoproteins; fatty acid oxidation Bile acid synthesis and regulation
-* BIOTRANSFORMATION AND EXCRETION
 Bilirubin, ammonia, steroid hormones Drugs, copper, cholesterol
-* IMMUNOLOGICAL FUNCTIONS
 Antigen trapping by Kupffer's cells Synthesis of complement, interleukin
-* VITAMIN ACTIVATION, STORAGE AND ELIMINATION
-* STORAGE OF MINERALS (IRON, COPPER, ZINC, MANGANESE)
+===Vitamin Storage, Activation and Elimination===
-* INACTIVATION OF ENDOCRINE HORMONE
 ==Clinical Signs==
@@ Line 67: / Line 75: @@
 * Coagulation profile
-[[Category:Liver - General Pathology]]
+Bexfield, N & Watson, P (2006) '''Diagnosis of canine liver disease''' ''In Practice 2006 28: 444-45''

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-*this results from inadequate [[Liver - Anatomy & Physiology|liver]] function
+==Introduction==
-*occurs even though the [[Liver - Anatomy & Physiology|liver]] has a large functional reserve and a high regenerative capacity
+Liver failure results from inadequate [[Liver - Anatomy & Physiology|liver]] function. It occurs even though the [[Liver - Anatomy & Physiology|liver]] has a large functional reserve and a high regenerative capacity.
-===Causes===
-*low liver mass
+==Causes==
-**the functional reserve is depleted
+===Low Liver Mass===
 NB: [[Liver - Anatomy & Physiology|liver]] enzyme levels in blood may not be markedly raised in chronic ongoing [[Liver - Anatomy & Physiology|liver]] damage because there may be few [[Liver - Anatomy & Physiology|liver]] cells remaining to leak enyzmes
-===Syndromes in liver failure===
+===Remodelling of the Vascular and Connective Components after Damage===
 [[Icterus]]
@@ Line 32: / Line 42: @@
 [[Category:Liver - General Pathology]]
 [[Category:To_Do_-_Clinical]]