Lizard Metabolic Bone Disease - Revision history

Suzannah.stacey at 20:37, 5 November 2010

2010-11-05T20:37:44Z

Suzannah.stacey at 13:50, 5 November 2010

2010-11-05T13:50:14Z

Suzannah.stacey: /* Clinical signs */

2010-11-05T13:40:37Z

Clinical signs

Suzannah.stacey: /* Treatment */

2010-11-05T13:39:56Z

Treatment

Suzannah.stacey: /* Treatment */

2010-11-05T13:39:28Z

Treatment

Suzannah.stacey at 13:38, 5 November 2010

2010-11-05T13:38:32Z

Bara at 22:12, 30 October 2010

2010-10-30T22:12:49Z

Suzannah.stacey at 09:32, 6 August 2010

2010-08-06T09:32:52Z

Suzannah.stacey at 15:53, 22 July 2010

2010-07-22T15:53:40Z

Clamy at 15:41, 18 May 2010

2010-05-18T15:41:02Z

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 ==Introduction==
-Metabolic bone disease (MBD) is a complex disease that is associated with derangement of the metabolism of [[Calcium - Reptiles|calcium]], [[Phosphorus|phosphorus]] and vitamin D3, poor husbandry and other diseases.
+Metabolic bone disease (MBD) is a complex disease that is associated with derangement of the metabolism of [[Calcium - Reptiles|calcium]], [[Phosphorus - Reptiles|phosphorus]] and vitamin D3, poor husbandry and other diseases.
 MBD is the most common disease in captive lizards, especially [[Green Iguana|green iguanas]]; it is usually a result of poor husbandry. For example, deficiency in Vitamin D3 and/or UVB in combination with calcium deficiency leads to metabolic bone disease.  Associated terms include fibrous osteodystrophy, nutritional secondary hyperparathyroidism, osteoporosis, osteomalacia and rickets.

@@ Line 8: / Line 8: @@
 Metabolic bone disease (MBD) is a complex disease that is associated with derangement of the metabolism of [[Calcium - Reptiles|calcium]], [[Phosphorus|phosphorus]] and vitamin D3, poor husbandry and other diseases.
-MBD is the most common disease in captive lizards, especially [[Green Iguana|green iguanas]]; it is usually a result of poor husbandry. For example, deficiency in Vitamin D3 and/or UVB in combination with [[Calcium|calcium]] deficiency leads to metabolic bone disease.  Associated terms include fibrous osteodystrophy, nutritional secondary hyperparathyroidism, osteoporosis, osteomalacia and rickets.
+MBD is the most common disease in captive lizards, especially [[Green Iguana|green iguanas]]; it is usually a result of poor husbandry. For example, deficiency in Vitamin D3 and/or UVB in combination with calcium deficiency leads to metabolic bone disease.  Associated terms include fibrous osteodystrophy, nutritional secondary hyperparathyroidism, osteoporosis, osteomalacia and rickets.
 Extreme care should be taken when examining animals with MBD as their bones are weakened and easily [[Lizard Long Bone Fractures|fractured]].
@@ Line 38: / Line 38: @@
 *[[Lizard Physical Examination|Physical examination]]
 *Radiography - hypomineralisation of skeleton, pathological fractures, fibrous osteodystrophy. Radiographs are very effective in confirming the diagnosis; indeed, radiolucent transverse processes in the caudal vertebrae are pathognomonic of MBD in lizards.
-*Biochemistry - [[Calcium|calcium]] is generally within normal limits but may be low, especially in neurological cases; the calcifediol assay can be done on plasma to determine the status.
+*Biochemistry - [[Calcium - Reptiles|calcium]] is generally within normal limits but may be low, especially in neurological cases; the calcifediol assay can be done on plasma to determine the status.
 ==Treatment==

@@ Line 28: / Line 28: @@
 When juveniles have been affected during growth, they may have poorly mineralized and pliable mandibles which is a sign of prolonged MBD. This results in distorted jaw bones and a characteristic facial 'smile'. In [[Chameleon|chameleon]] species, MBD causes difficulty protruding or retracting the tongue.
-Tremors, muscular fasciculations, paresis and seizures usually develop in more severe cases of MBD with developed hypocalcaemia. However in most cases, [[Calcium|calcium]] and phosphate levels usually appear normal.
+Tremors, muscular fasciculations, paresis and seizures usually develop in more severe cases of MBD with developed hypocalcaemia. However in most cases, [[Calcium - Reptiles|calcium]] and phosphate levels usually appear normal.
 In some cases, hindlimbs may appear very muscular as a result of thickening of the bone cortex caused by marked fibrous osteodystrophy in the long bones. Palpation or [[Lizard and Snake Imaging|radiography]] suffice to differenciate from healthy tissue. In addition, the costochondral junctions may appear enlarged and distorted.

@@ Line 44: / Line 44: @@
 Initial focus should be on improving [[Calcium - Reptiles|calcium]] intake  as well as access to appropraite UVB light. Parenteral injections of calcium or oral solutions can be used on animals with clinical hypocalcaemia (when renal failure has been ruled out).
-* Administer oral [[Calcium|calcium]] for non-neurological cases - calcium glubionate (NeoCalglucon, Sandoz) at 1 ml/kg bw q12-24h for 1-3 months.
+* Administer oral calcium for non-neurological cases - calcium glubionate (NeoCalglucon, Sandoz) at 1 ml/kg bw q12-24h for 1-3 months.
 * Administer parenteral [[Calcium - Reptiles|calcium]] for neurological cases, preferably IV or ICo by slow infusion (100-500 mg/kg q6h) and concurrent diuresis with serial plasma calcium and phosphorus measurements.
 * Calcitonin has previously been suggested as a treatment - 50 iu/kg IM weekly for 1-4 weeks, but its clinical effects have not been established (do not give to hypocalcaemic patients).

@@ Line 42: / Line 42: @@
 ==Treatment==
-Initial focus should be on improving [[Calcium|calcium]] intake  as well as access to appropraite UVB light. Parenteral injections of [[Calcium|calcium]] or oral solutions can be used on animals with clinical hypocalcaemia (when renal failure has been ruled out).
+Initial focus should be on improving [[Calcium - Reptiles|calcium]] intake  as well as access to appropraite UVB light. Parenteral injections of calcium or oral solutions can be used on animals with clinical hypocalcaemia (when renal failure has been ruled out).
 * Administer oral [[Calcium|calcium]] for non-neurological cases - calcium glubionate (NeoCalglucon, Sandoz) at 1 ml/kg bw q12-24h for 1-3 months.
-* Administer parenteral [[Calcium|calcium]] for neurological cases, preferably IV or ICo by slow infusion (100-500 mg/kg q6h) and concurrent diuresis with serial plasma calcium and phosphorus measurements.
+* Administer parenteral [[Calcium - Reptiles|calcium]] for neurological cases, preferably IV or ICo by slow infusion (100-500 mg/kg q6h) and concurrent diuresis with serial plasma calcium and phosphorus measurements.
 * Calcitonin has previously been suggested as a treatment - 50 iu/kg IM weekly for 1-4 weeks, but its clinical effects have not been established (do not give to hypocalcaemic patients).
 * Vitamine D deficiency can be addressed by UVB exposure as long as the kidney and liver functions are normal.

← Older revision		Revision as of 22:12, 30 October 2010
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	MBD is prevented by providing correct housing and diet. However, caging and dietary requirements vary depending on the species of lizard.		MBD is prevented by providing correct housing and diet. However, caging and dietary requirements vary depending on the species of lizard.
		+
		+	==Literature Search==
		+	[[File:CABI logo.jpg\|left\|90px]]
		+
		+
		+	Use these links to find recent scientific publications via CAB Abstracts (log in required unless accessing from a subscribing organisation).
		+	<br><br><br>
		+	[http://www.cabdirect.org/search.html?q=(title:(lizard)+OR+ab:(lizard)+OR+od:(lizards))+AND+(title:(Metabolic+Bone+Disease)+OR+ab:(Metabolic+Bone+Disease)+OR+subject:(Metabolic+Bone+Disease)+OR+de:(Metabolic+Bone+Disease))&fq=sc:%22ve%22 Lizard Metabolic Bone Disease publications]

	==References==		==References==

@@ Line 12: / Line 12: @@
 Extreme care should be taken when examining animals with MBD as their bones are weakened and easily [[Lizard Long Bone Fractures|fractured]].
-===Clinical signs===
+==Clinical signs==
-They include:
+These include:
 *Lethargy and reluctance to move
@@ Line 33: / Line 32: @@
 In some cases, hindlimbs may appear very muscular as a result of thickening of the bone cortex caused by marked fibrous osteodystrophy in the long bones. Palpation or [[Lizard and Snake Imaging|radiography]] suffice to differenciate from healthy tissue. In addition, the costochondral junctions may appear enlarged and distorted.
-===Diagnosis===
+==Diagnosis==
 Diagnosis is dependent on:
@@ Line 41: / Line 40: @@
 *Biochemistry - [[Calcium|calcium]] is generally within normal limits but may be low, especially in neurological cases; the calcifediol assay can be done on plasma to determine the status.
-===Treatment===
+==Treatment==
 Initial focus should be on improving [[Calcium|calcium]] intake  as well as access to appropraite UVB light. Parenteral injections of [[Calcium|calcium]] or oral solutions can be used on animals with clinical hypocalcaemia (when renal failure has been ruled out).
@@ Line 55: / Line 54: @@
 Attempt only conservative repair of [[Lizard Long Bone Fractures|fractures]] by stabilizing bones with external coaptation .
-===Prevention===
+==Prevention==
 MBD is prevented by providing correct housing and diet. However, caging and dietary requirements vary depending on the species of lizard.

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:53, 22 July 2010
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	[[Image:Leopardgecko_mbd_xray.jpg\|300px\|thumb\|right\|'''Radiograph of Leopard gecko showing signs of MBD. Decreased opacity to the pelvis and caudal vertebrae. No clear contrast between bone and soft tissue is a classic sign of MBD.''' (Copyright © RVC)]]		[[Image:Leopardgecko_mbd_xray.jpg\|300px\|thumb\|right\|'''Radiograph of Leopard gecko showing signs of MBD. Decreased opacity to the pelvis and caudal vertebrae. No clear contrast between bone and soft tissue is a classic sign of MBD.''' (Copyright © RVC)]]

		+	==Introduction==
	Metabolic bone disease (MBD) is a complex disease that is associated with derangement of the metabolism of [[Calcium\|calcium]], [[Phosphorus\|phosphorus]] and vitamin D3, poor husbandry and other diseases.		Metabolic bone disease (MBD) is a complex disease that is associated with derangement of the metabolism of [[Calcium\|calcium]], [[Phosphorus\|phosphorus]] and vitamin D3, poor husbandry and other diseases.

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:41, 18 May 2010
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	* Girling, S.J. and Raiti, P. (2004). BSAVA Manual of Reptiles. British Small Animal Veterinary Association, 2nd Edition. pp. 350. ISBN 978-0905214757		* Girling, S.J. and Raiti, P. (2004). BSAVA Manual of Reptiles. British Small Animal Veterinary Association, 2nd Edition. pp. 350. ISBN 978-0905214757
		+	[[Category:Lizard_Diseases]]