Lizard and Snake Zoonoses - Revision history

Bara at 16:51, 18 August 2012

2012-08-18T16:51:16Z

Bara at 13:09, 2 November 2010

2010-11-02T13:09:45Z

Suzannah.stacey: /* Zoonoses */

2010-08-17T11:00:24Z

Zoonoses

Suzannah.stacey: /* Hygiene */

2010-08-12T11:54:48Z

Hygiene

Suzannah.stacey at 11:54, 12 August 2010

2010-08-12T11:54:21Z

Suzannah.stacey: /* Zoonoses */

2010-08-12T11:50:32Z

Zoonoses

Suzannah.stacey: /* Zoonoses */

2010-08-12T11:49:37Z

Zoonoses

Suzannah.stacey: /* Zoonoses */

2010-08-12T11:32:49Z

Zoonoses

Suzannah.stacey: /* Zoonoses */

2010-08-12T11:32:23Z

Zoonoses

Suzannah.stacey: /* Zoonoses */

2010-08-12T11:31:44Z

Zoonoses

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-{{review}}
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 Lizards and snakes present problems to handlers and owners not just because of their venom and size but also due to the possibility of zoonosis.  Care must be taken with all lizards when they are handled even if they are not perceived as dangerous.  Consider the following points.
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 * [http://who.int/zoonoses/en/ Zoonoses - WHO]
-==Literature Search==
+{{Learning
-[[File:CABI logo.jpg|left|90px]]
+|full text = [http://www.cabi.org/cabdirect/FullTextPDF/2009/20093018978.pdf '''Reptile zoonoses: "don't kiss your turtle".''' Diaz-Figueroa, O.; The North American Veterinary Conference, Gainesville, USA, Small animal and exotics. Proceedings of the North American Veterinary Conference, Volume 22, Orlando, Florida, USA, 2008, 2008, pp 1749-1751, 1 ref.]
 [[Category:Snake_Husbandry|Z]]
 [[Category:Lizard_Husbandry|Z]]

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 '''Useful resources'''
 * [http://who.int/zoonoses/en/ Zoonoses - WHO]
 [[Category:Snake_Husbandry|Z]]
 [[Category:Lizard_Husbandry|Z]]

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 ==Zoonoses==
-The common zoonosis associated with reptiles is [[Salmonella|salmonellosis]].  Subclinical infections of reptiles are common and [[Salmonella|''Salmonella'' spp.]] can often be isolated from faeces.  However, most reptiles naturally carry these [[Bacteria|bacteria]] as a component of their indigenous gut flora, and they are rarely a cause of primary disease.  Over 2400 different serotypes of [[Salmonella|''Salmonella'' spp.]] are known and all should be considered pathogenic.  Shedding of ''Salmonella'' organisms can be intermittent and therefore all reptiles should be considered positive and managed appropriately, regardless of [[Lizard and Snake Specimen Collection and Evaluation|fecal culture]] results.
+The common zoonosis associated with reptiles is [[Salmonella|salmonellosis]].  Subclinical infections of reptiles are common and [[Salmonella|''Salmonella'' spp.]] can often be isolated from faeces.  However, most reptiles naturally carry these [[Bacteria|bacteria]] as a component of their indigenous gut flora, and they are rarely a cause of primary disease.  Over 2400 different serotypes of [[Salmonella|''Salmonella'' spp.]] are known and all should be considered pathogenic.  Shedding of ''Salmonella'' organisms can be intermittent and therefore all reptiles should be considered positive and managed appropriately, regardless of [[Lizard and Snake Specimen Collection and Evaluation|faecal culture]] results.
 * Pregnant women, children under five years and immunocompromised persons should avoid contact with reptiles and reptile implements.
 * The [http://www.cdc.gov/ Centre for Disease Control] recommends that reptiles should not be kept in child-care centres and households in which persons at risk reside.

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 [[Salmonella|''Salmonella'' spp.]] are the most important zoonotic agent.  Reptiles can also harbour several different opportunistic Gram-negative bacterial pathogens that can infect humans. These include [[Aeromonas species|''Aeromonas'']], [[Campylobacter species|''Campylobacter'']], [[Enterobacteriaceae|''Enterobacter'']], [[Klebsiella|''Klebsiella'']], [[Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae|''Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae'']], ''Pseudomonas'', [[:Category:Mycobacterium species|''Mycobacterium'' spp.]], ''Coxiella burnetti'', ''[[Chlamydophila psittaci]]'', ''Aspergillus'', [[Systemic Mycoses|''Zygomycosis'']], [[Yeast-like fungi|''Candida'']], ''Trichosporon'', ''Trichophyton'' and [[Ticks|ticks]].  These potentially zoonotic diseases can be managed by practicing routine hygiene practices.
-===Hygiene===
+==Hygiene==
 The majority of reptile-related [[Salmonella|salmonellosis]] reported in humans could be avoided if common sanitary practices are followed.  Washing hands with soap is an effective method to remove [[Salmonella|''Salmonella'' spp.]] organisms and minimize contamination of the environment.  This should always be carried after handling any animal.  Disinfectants, such as sodium hypocholorite, should be used to disinfect the reptile enclosure including food and water dishes, and other cage furniture.  Gloves should always be worn, and cleaning should not take place in the kitchen or bathroom.

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:54, 12 August 2010
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	Lizards and snakes present problems to handlers and owners not just because of their venom and size but also due to the possibility of zoonosis. Care must be taken with all lizards when they are handled even if they are not perceived as dangerous. Consider the following points.		Lizards and snakes present problems to handlers and owners not just because of their venom and size but also due to the possibility of zoonosis. Care must be taken with all lizards when they are handled even if they are not perceived as dangerous. Consider the following points.

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 The common zoonosis associated with reptiles is [[Salmonella|salmonellosis]].  Subclinical infections of reptiles are common and [[Salmonella|''Salmonella'' spp.]] can often be isolated from faeces.  However, most reptiles naturally carry these [[Bacteria|bacteria]] as a component of their indigenous gut flora, and they are rarely a cause of primary disease.  Over 2400 different serotypes of [[Salmonella|''Salmonella'' spp.]] are known and all should be considered pathogenic.  Shedding of ''Salmonella'' organisms can be intermittent and therefore all reptiles should be considered positive and managed appropriately, regardless of [[Lizard and Snake Specimen Collection and Evaluation|fecal culture]] results.
 * Pregnant women, children under five years and immunocompromised persons should avoid contact with reptiles and reptile implements.
-* The [http://www.cdc.gov/| Centre for Disease Control] recommends that reptiles should not be kept in child-care centres and households in which persons at risk reside.
+* The [http://www.cdc.gov/ Centre for Disease Control] recommends that reptiles should not be kept in child-care centres and households in which persons at risk reside.
 * Provide information to potential purchasers and owners about the risk of acquiring [[Salmonella|''Salmonella'']].
 * Proper hygiene measures should be conducted around reptiles at all times in order by reducing exposure to faeces of infected animals.