Mycoplasma synoviae - Revision history

Bara at 14:41, 17 August 2012

2012-08-17T14:41:44Z

Bara: Text replace - "Category:CABI Expert Review Completed" to "Category:CABI Expert Review CompletedCategory:CABI AHPC Pages"

2012-04-13T15:10:06Z

Text replace - "Category:CABI Expert Review Completed" to "Category:CABI Expert Review Completed Category:CABI AHPC Pages"

Bara at 23:42, 8 December 2011

2011-12-08T23:42:14Z

Bara at 12:42, 13 September 2011

2011-09-13T12:42:42Z

Bara: /* References */

2011-09-13T12:41:07Z

References

HelenD at 13:21, 2 September 2011

2011-09-02T13:21:10Z

Bara: /* References */

2011-08-12T16:54:49Z

References

Bara: /* References */

2011-06-20T23:04:48Z

References

Bara at 23:03, 20 June 2011

2011-06-20T23:03:18Z

Lwyasm1: /* Clinical Signs */

2011-06-19T20:00:28Z

Clinical Signs

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 {{Podcasts
 |link = https://bloomsbury.mediacore.tv/podcasts/wikivet-english/mycoplasma-synoviae}}
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 |date = 31 August 2011
 }}
 [[Category:Mycoplasmas]]

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 [[Category:Respiratory Diseases - Birds]]
 [[Category:Musculoskeletal Diseases - Birds]]
-[[Category:CABI Expert Review Completed]]
+[[Category:CABI Expert Review Completed]][[Category:CABI AHPC Pages]]

← Older revision		Revision as of 23:42, 8 December 2011
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		+	{{Podcasts
		+	\|link = https://bloomsbury.mediacore.tv/podcasts/wikivet-english/mycoplasma-synoviae}}
	{{Taxobox		{{Taxobox
	\|name = ''Mycoplasma synoviae''		\|name = ''Mycoplasma synoviae''

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 [[Category:Respiratory Diseases - Birds]]
 [[Category:Musculoskeletal Diseases - Birds]]
-[[Category:CABI Expert Review]]
+[[Category:CABI Expert Review Completed]]

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 <br><br>
-This article was expert reviewed by Dr Robin Nicholas on 31/08/11.
+{{Robin Nicholas
 [[Category:Mycoplasmas]]

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 ''M. synoviae'' causes '''[[Bacteria |bacterial]]''' disease affecting the '''joints, bones''' and [[Avian Respiration - Anatomy & Physiology|'''respiratory''' system of '''birds''']]. It is one of the [[Mycoplasmas |mycoplasma]] genus of bacteria.
-It is closely related to [[Mycoplasma gallisepticum |''M. gallisepticum'']] which causes chronic respiratory disease in poultry.
+''M; synoviae'' shares some antigens with [[Mycoplasma gallisepticum |''M. gallisepticum'']] which causes chronic respiratory disease in poultry, but is distinct by most serological tests.
-''M. synoviae'' is endemic in parts of Europe and causes significant production losses particularly in '''egg production'''.
+''M. synoviae'' is endemic in parts of Europe and causes significant production losses particularly in '''egg production'''. Very recently the mycoplasma has been associated with eggshell apex abnormalities (EAA)<ref>Catania, S., Bilato, D., Gobbo, F., Granato, A., Iob, L and Nicholas R.A.J. (2010) '''Treatment of egg-shell abnormalities and reduced egg production caused by ''Mycoplasma synoviae'' infection.''' ''Avian Diseases'' 54, 961-964</ref>.
 ==Distribution==
-Thought to likely be worldwide but recording is unreliable.
+Thought to be worldwide but recording is unreliable.
 Mycoplasma can be '''transmitted''' to progeny through '''eggs''' and through '''direct and indirect contact''' between birds.
@@ Line 31: / Line 31: @@
 Torticollis and other neurological signs may occur in some severe cases.
 ==Diagnosis==
@@ Line 41: / Line 43: @@
 ''M. synoviae'' can then be definitively identified by '''[[immunofluorescence]]''' and '''PCR'''.
-[[ELISA testing |'''ELISA''']] can be used for serological diagnosis and are excellent for detecting antibodies in egg yolk which is valuable for flock status investigation.
+[[ELISA testing |'''ELISAs''']] can be used for serological diagnosis and are excellent for detecting antibodies in egg yolk which is valuable for flock status investigation. However the slide agglutination test (SAT) is still widely used in industry.
 ==Treatment==
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 Control is hampered by the increasing resistance of ''M. synoviae'' to antibiotics.
-No vaccine is available and infection is difficult to control due its aerosolic, vertical and contact transmission.
+A vaccine containing a temperature-sensitive strain (MS-H) of Mycoplasma synoviae is currently used in many countries around the world. The duration of protective immunity is at least 40 weeks and has been shown to be protective against EAA.
@@ Line 66: / Line 70: @@
 |date =6 June 2011
 }}
-<br><br><br>
+<br><br>
 [[Category:Mycoplasmas]]
 [[Category:Avian Bacteria]]
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 [[Category:Musculoskeletal Diseases - Birds]]
 [[Category:CABI Expert Review]]

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 ==References==
 <references/>
-Animal Health & ProductIon Compendium, '''''Mycoplasma synoviae'' datasheet''', accessed 06/06/2011 @ http://www.cabi.org/ahpc/
+{{CABI source
+|datasheet = [http://www.cabi.org/ahpc/?compid=3&dsid=74542&loadmodule=datasheet&page=2144&site=160 ''Mycoplasma synoviae''] and [http://www.cabi.org/ahpc/?compid=3&dsid=74552&loadmodule=datasheet&page=2144&site=160 ''Mycoplasma synoviae'' infections]
-Animal Health & ProductIon Compendium, '''''Mycoplasma synoviae'' infections datasheet''', accessed 06/06/2011 @ http://www.cabi.org/ahpc/
+|date =6 June 2011
+}}
 {{review}}

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 |species = ''M.synoviae''
 }}
+Also Known As: '''''Infectious Synovitis''''' — '''''Avian Mycoplasmosis''''' — '''''Infectious Sinusitis''''' — '''''Mycoplasma Arthritis'''''
 ==Introduction==
-''M. synoviae'' causes '''[[Bacteria | bacterial]]''' disease affecting the '''joints, bones''' and '''respiratory''' system of '''birds'''.
+''M. synoviae'' causes '''[[Bacteria |bacterial]]''' disease affecting the '''joints, bones''' and [[Avian Respiration - Anatomy & Physiology|'''respiratory''' system of '''birds''']]. It is one of the [[Mycoplasmas |mycoplasma]] genus of bacteria.
-It is closely related to [[Mycoplasma gallisepticum | ''M. Gallisepticum'']] which causes chronic respiratory disease in poultry.
+It is closely related to [[Mycoplasma gallisepticum |''M. gallisepticum'']] which causes chronic respiratory disease in poultry.
 ''M. synoviae'' is endemic in parts of Europe and causes significant production losses particularly in '''egg production'''.
@@ Line 25: / Line 21: @@
 Mycoplasma can be '''transmitted''' to progeny through '''eggs''' and through '''direct and indirect contact''' between birds.
 ==Signalment==
-Affects mainly '''chickens''' and turkeys, with chickens the most susceptible.
+The bacterium affects mainly '''chickens''' and turkeys, with chickens being the most susceptible. It can also affect game and wild birds.
 ==Clinical Signs==
-Most birds exhibit '''lameness, abnormal curvature''' of the limbs, deviation of the limbs and feet and a stiff gait.
+Most birds exhibit '''lameness, abnormal curvature''' of the limbs, deviation of the limbs and feet and a stiff gait. '''Dehydration and decreased production''' usually manifest and birds are reluctant to move.
 '''Tachypnoea, sneezing, purulent nasal discharge''' and open mouth breathing are common but non-specific.
@@ Line 39: / Line 33: @@
 ==Diagnosis==
-Clinical '''signs''' and '''necropsy''' findings are suggestive but not pathognomic so laboratory diagnosis is necessary.
+Clinical '''signs''' and '''necropsy''' findings are suggestive but not pathognomonic so laboratory diagnosis is necessary.
 On '''post-mortem, air sacculitis and arthritis''' with a '''caseous exudate''' are evident.
-Bacteria can be '''isolated''' and '''cultured from wet swabs''' of the trachea, oropharynx, eye, nose or cloaca in live birds.
+Bacteria can be '''isolated''' and '''cultured from wet swabs''' of the trachea, oropharynx, eye, nose or cloaca in live birds. If sampling a dead bird, '''sterile''' samples of '''synovial fluid''' and air sac samples should be taken.
 If sampling a dead bird, '''sterile''' samples of '''synovial fluid''' and air sac samples should be taken.
-''M. synoviae'' can then be definitively identified by '''immunofluorescence''' and '''PCR'''.
+[[ELISA testing |'''ELISA''']] can be used for serological diagnosis and are excellent for detecting antibodies in egg yolk which is valuable for flock status investigation.
 ==Treatment==
 ''M. synoviae'' is susceptible to '''tilmicosin, tylosin, enrofloxacin''' and '''oxytetacyclines''' in vitro but resistance is increasing in vivo.
 Eggs can be '''dipped''' in cold '''chlortetracycline''' antibiotic solution for 15-20 minutes or '''heat treated''' to 46-47⁰ for 11-14 hours prior to incubation.
 ==Control==
 Control is hampered by the increasing resistance of ''M. synoviae'' to antibiotics.
 No vaccine is available and infection is difficult to control due its aerosolic, vertical and contact transmission.
 {{Learning
-|literature search = [http://www.cabdirect.org/search.html?q=title%3A+%28Mycoplasma+synoviae%29/ ''M synoviae Publications]
+|literature search = [http://www.cabdirect.org/search.html?q=title%3A%28%22Mycoplasma+synoviae%22%29 ''Mycoplasma synoviae'' publications]
 |flashcards = [[Mycoplasma synoviae Flashcards | ''Mycoplasma synoviae'' Flashcards]]
 }}
 ==References==
 <references/>
-Animal Health & ProductIon Compendium, '''Mycoplasma synoviae datasheet''', accessed 06/06/2011 @ http://www.cabi.org/ahpc/
+Animal Health & ProductIon Compendium, '''''Mycoplasma synoviae'' datasheet''', accessed 06/06/2011 @ http://www.cabi.org/ahpc/
-==Literature Search==
+Animal Health & ProductIon Compendium, '''''Mycoplasma synoviae'' infections datasheet''', accessed 06/06/2011 @ http://www.cabi.org/ahpc/
 [[Category:Mycoplasmas]]
-[[Category:To Do - CABI review]]
+[[Category:Avian Bacteria]]