Nematodes - Revision history

A.allison: Unprotected "Nematodes"

2010-07-13T21:17:10Z

Unprotected "Nematodes"

Bara: Redirected page to Category:Nematodes

2010-04-26T11:16:46Z

Redirected page to Category:Nematodes

Bara at 22:39, 21 April 2010

2010-04-21T22:39:39Z

Bara: /* Nematodes of Different Species */

2010-04-21T22:37:25Z

Nematodes of Different Species

Bara at 21:36, 21 April 2010

2010-04-21T21:36:53Z

Bara: /* Nematode Superfamilies */

2010-04-21T21:11:41Z

Nematode Superfamilies

Bara at 13:13, 20 April 2010

2010-04-20T13:13:50Z

Bara at 13:13, 20 April 2010

2010-04-20T13:13:08Z

Bara: /* Nematodes of Different Species */

2010-02-23T19:27:26Z

Nematodes of Different Species

Bara: /* Nematodes of Different Species */

2009-11-09T16:47:23Z

Nematodes of Different Species

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:16, 26 April 2010
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−	~~{{unfinished}}~~	+	#REDIRECT[[:Category:Nematodes]]
−
−	~~== Introduction ==~~
−	[[~~Image~~:~~Soybean cyst nematode EM.jpg\|thumb\|right\|150px\|Soybean Cyst Nematode and Egg, Scanning Electron Micrograph - Wikimedia Commons]]~~
−	~~[[Image:Mononchidae eating a Mononchidae.jpg\|thumb\|right\|150px\|Mononchidae eating a Mononchidae - Wikimedia Commons]]~~
−	Nematodes are one of the most prolific life-forms on this planet. Most are free-living, with species adapted to every imaginable habitat. Some are parasitic on plants, and others on animals. The animal parasitic nematodes form a large and diverse array of organisms.
−
−	~~== The Nematodes ==~~
−	~~=== Recognition Features ===~~
−	*A unique feature of the nematodes is that the fluid in the body cavity is maintained under high pressure (this is why nematodes often burst after collection)
−	*They therefore have a tough elastic cuticle which often forms elaborate structures useful for identification
−	*A muscular pharynx is needed to pump food into the intestine
−	*The shape of the pharynx is characteristic in some groups
−	*There is a nerve ring around the pharynx and four longitudinal nerves with ganglia that co-ordinate movement (many anthelmintics act by disrupting neuromuscular co-ordination)
−	*The sexes are separate:
−	**the female tail generally ends in a blunt point
−	**males usually have two chitinous rods that can be protruded through the cloaca to hold the female - these are called spicules and, being chitinous, are easily seen under the microscope. As these differ in shape and size between species, they are very useful in identification
−	*The '''bursate nematodes''' are characterised by a large expansion of the cuticle of the male tail to form a clasping organ (the bursa)
−	*Other modifications of the cuticle on both male and female nematodes useful for identification include:
−	**'''alae''' (wing-like protrusions)
−	**'''vesicles''' (swellings around the whole circumference of the body)
−	*The heads of some nematodes have structures such as:
−	**leaf-like lips around the mouth (the '''leaf-crown''')
−	**a '''buccal cavity'''
−	**'''teeth''' or '''cutting plates'''
−
−	~~=== Feeding Habits ===~~
−	*Many intestinal nematodes are closely applied to the mucosal surface
−	*Some swallow ingesta and/or host secretions.
−	*Others suck a plug of mucosa into the buccal cavity (plug feeders), leaving a circular ulcer
−	*Yet others bury their heads deep into the mucosa and suck blood
−
−	~~=== General Life-Cycle ===~~
−	*The basic life-cycle is very simple:
−	**egg → L1 → L2 → L3 → L4 → adult
−	*With a moult in between each larval stage
−	*But there are many variations on this theme
−
−	~~=== Nematode Eggs ===~~
−	*These vary greatly in appearance and are very useful for diagnosis as they can often be detected and counted in faecal samples
−	*NOTE: we use the typical '''strongyle''' egg to provide us with a yard-stick for comparing sizes. A "large egg", for example, means larger than a strongyle egg. A typical strongyle egg is approximately '''80µm''' long
−
−	~~== Nematode Superfamilies ==~~
−
−	~~<big>~~
−
−	~~[[:Category:Bursate Nematodes\|'''BURSATE''']]~~
−
−	*[[Trichostrongyloidea]]
−
−	*[[Strongyloidea]]
−
−	*[[Ancylostomatoidea]] (Hook worms)
−
−	*[[Metastrongyloidae]]</big>
−
−	NOTE: the Trichostrongyloidea, Strongyloidea and hookworms are very closely related, and are often collectively known as '''"the strongyles"'''. Typically, they produce almost identical eggs, called '''"typical strongyle eggs"'''.
−
−	~~<big>[[:Category:Non-Bursate Nematodes\|'''NON-BURSATE''']]~~
−
−	*[[Ascaridoidea]]
−
−	*[[Oxyuroidea]]
−
−	*[[Rhabditoidea]]
−
−	*[[Trichinelloidea]]
−
−	*[[Spiruroidea]]
−
−	*[[Filarioidea]]</big>
−
−	From the veterinary view-point, the nematodes are most conveniently grouped into '''superfamilies''' because their members often have similar life-cycles and epidemiological features. Superfamily names end in -oidea (the anglicised form is -oid, as in trichostrongyloid).
−
−	~~== Nematodes of Different Species ==~~
−
−	~~[[:Category:Cattle Nematodes\|Cattle Nematodes]]~~
−
−	~~[[:Category:Sheep Nematodes\|Sheep Nematodes]]~~
−
−	~~[[:Category:Goat Nematodes\|Goat Nematodes]]~~
−
−	~~[[Horses]]~~
−
−	~~[[Pigs]]~~
−
−	~~[[Poultry]]~~
−
−	~~[[Small Animals]]~~
−
−	~~[[Endoparasites - Donkey\|Donkey]]~~
−
−
−
−
−
−	~~Occlusion of pancreatic ducts sometimes happens [[Pancreas Parasitic - Pathology]]~~
−	[[Category:Nematodes]]
−	~~'''Bold text'''~~

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-{unfinished}
+{{unfinished}}
 == Introduction ==
@@ Line 97: / Line 97: @@
 Occlusion of pancreatic ducts sometimes happens [[Pancreas Parasitic - Pathology]]
 [[Category:Nematodes]]

@@ Line 77: / Line 77: @@
 [[:Category:Cattle Nematodes|Cattle Nematodes]]
-[[Small Ruminants]] [[:Category:Sheep Nematodes|Sheep Nematodes]]
+[[:Category:Sheep Nematodes|Sheep Nematodes]]
 [[:Category:Goat Nematodes|Goat Nematodes]]

@@ Line 74: / Line 74: @@
 == Nematodes of Different Species ==
-[[Small Ruminants]]
+[[:Category:Cattle Nematodes|Cattle Nematodes]]
 [[Horses]]

@@ Line 57: / Line 57: @@
 NOTE: the Trichostrongyloidea, Strongyloidea and hookworms are very closely related, and are often collectively known as '''"the strongyles"'''. Typically, they produce almost identical eggs, called '''"typical strongyle eggs"'''.
-<big>[[:Category:Non-bursate Nematodes|'''NON-BURSATE''']]
+<big>[[:Category:Non-Bursate Nematodes|'''NON-BURSATE''']]
 *[[Ascaridoidea]]

← Older revision	Revision as of 21:17, 13 July 2010
(No difference)

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:13, 20 April 2010
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	Occlusion of pancreatic ducts sometimes happens [[Pancreas Parasitic - Pathology]]		Occlusion of pancreatic ducts sometimes happens [[Pancreas Parasitic - Pathology]]
		+	[[Category:Nematodes]]

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-{{toplink
+{unfinished}
 == Introduction ==
@@ Line 50: / Line 42: @@
 == Nematode Superfamilies ==
 '''BURSATE'''
 *[[Trichostrongyloidea]]
@@ Line 58: / Line 53: @@
 *[[Ancylostomatoidea]] (Hook worms)
-*[[Metastrongyloidae]]
+*[[Metastrongyloidae]]</big>
 NOTE: the Trichostrongyloidea, Strongyloidea and hookworms are very closely related, and are often collectively known as '''"the strongyles"'''. Typically, they produce almost identical eggs, called '''"typical strongyle eggs"'''.
-'''NON-BURSATE'''
+<big>[[:Category:Non-bursate Nematodes|'''NON-BURSATE''']]
 *[[Ascaridoidea]]
@@ Line 74: / Line 69: @@
 *[[Spiruroidea]]
-*[[Filarioidea]]
+*[[Filarioidea]]</big>
 From the veterinary view-point, the nematodes are most conveniently grouped into '''superfamilies''' because their members often have similar life-cycles and epidemiological features. Superfamily names end in -oidea (the anglicised form is -oid, as in trichostrongyloid).
 == Nematodes of Different Species ==
-[[Cattle]]
+[[Cattle]] [[:Category:Cattle Nematodes]]
 [[Small Ruminants]]

← Older revision		Revision as of 19:27, 23 February 2010
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	[[Small Animals]]		[[Small Animals]]

−	[[Donkey ~~Endoparasites~~\|Donkey]]	+	[[Endoparasites - Donkey\|Donkey]]

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:47, 9 November 2009
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	[[Small Animals]]		[[Small Animals]]
		+
		+	[[Donkey Endoparasites\|Donkey]]