Oral Examination - Introduction - Revision history

Michuang0720 at 19:06, 4 June 2016

2016-06-04T19:06:05Z

Bara at 14:07, 2 November 2014

2014-11-02T14:07:44Z

Bara at 16:07, 17 October 2014

2014-10-17T16:07:58Z

Bara: Text replace - "[[Category:Waltham reviewing" to "[[Category:Waltham reviewed"

2014-09-30T15:37:57Z

Text replace - "[[Category:Waltham reviewing" to "[[Category:Waltham reviewed"

Bara: /* General Physical Examination */

2014-08-13T17:44:44Z

General Physical Examination

Bara: Text replace - "[[Oral Hygiene|" to "[[Oral Hygiene - Small Animal|"

2013-09-26T16:23:54Z

Text replace - "[[Oral Hygiene|" to "[[Oral Hygiene - Small Animal|"

Ggaitskell at 08:30, 18 September 2013

2013-09-18T08:30:44Z

Bara at 16:53, 13 September 2013

2013-09-13T16:53:19Z

Bara at 18:02, 19 August 2013

2013-08-19T18:02:25Z

Bara: /* General Physical Examination */

2013-06-10T16:09:24Z

General Physical Examination

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 {{Lisa Milella written
 |date = 13 August 2014}}
 {{Waltham}}

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 ==Overview==
 [[File:Dog teeth occlusion 2.jpg|right|200px|thumb|Occlusal assessment – mandibular incisors occlude on the palatal aspect of the maxillary incisors (known as a scissor bite), the mandibular canine interdigitates half way between the maxillary canine and third incisor, and the premolars interdigitate in a “picking shear” effect.<small>''© Lisa Milella 2013''</small>]]
@@ Line 45: / Line 46: @@
 {{Waltham}}
 [[Category:Oral Examination]]
 [[Category:Waltham reviewed]]

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 A complete, general physical examination should always be carried out and never overlooked in the attempt to move straight to the primary complaint. Most patients will need a [Anaesthesia|general anaesthetic]] for a dental diagnosis, so in order for treatment to be carried out it is important to check the [[Cardiorespiratory System Overview - Anatomy & Physiology|cardiovascular and respiratory]] systems and identify any potential risks. Some oral diseases may also be linked to more generalised disease, for example, [[Atopic Dermatitis|dogs with skin allergies]] often have severely worn incisor teeth, with or without hair impaction, resulting in [[periodontitis]]. Certain autoimmune conditions manifest at all mucocutaneous junctions, so always check the whole body for lesions, not just the mouth. It is also important to remember that oral signs may be secondary to systemic disease, not a disease entity on their own, for example, [[Uremia|uremic ulcerations]], [[Haemorrhage#Petechiae|petechial haemorrhages]] secondary to [[:Category:Haemostasis and Bleeding Disorders|bleeding disorders]]/[[:Category:Liver - Pathology|liver disease]] etc.
 [[Category:Oral Examination]]
 [[Category:Waltham reviewed]]

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:37, 30 September 2014
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	[[Category:Oral Examination]]		[[Category:Oral Examination]]
−	[[Category:Waltham ~~reviewing~~]]	+	[[Category:Waltham reviewed]]

← Older revision		Revision as of 17:44, 13 August 2014
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	[[Category:Oral Examination]]		[[Category:Oral Examination]]
−	[[Category:~~To Do - Mars Check~~]]	+	[[Category:Waltham reviewing]]

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 A history of all '''previous dental treatments''' is also important to determine whether the condition is acute, chronic or recurrent. Where possible, try and ascertain how long the pet has had the problem and whether the main complaint has changed during this time. It is important to enquire about the actual oral symptoms, and remembering that the client is probably not aware of their pets' problem, detailed questioning regarding feeding, behaviour, play time and subtle changes in temperament may be required.
 <br><br>
-It is also important to find out what '''level of [[Oral Hygiene|dental homecare]]''' the owner provides prior to any treatment being carried out. This is very important for diseases requiring long term management and where no “cure” is available. It is also important to know what homecare is being provided prior to the full examination to ascertain whether this is adequate.
+It is also important to find out what '''level of [[Oral Hygiene - Small Animal|dental homecare]]''' the owner provides prior to any treatment being carried out. This is very important for diseases requiring long term management and where no “cure” is available. It is also important to know what homecare is being provided prior to the full examination to ascertain whether this is adequate.
 <br><br>

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 ==Overview==
 [[File:Dog teeth occlusion 2.jpg|right|200px|thumb|Occlusal assessment – mandibular incisors occlude on the palatal aspect of the maxillary incisors (known as a scissor bite), the mandibular canine interdigitates half way between the maxillary canine and third incisor, and the premolars interdigitate in a “picking shear” effect.<small>''© Lisa Milella 2013''</small>]]
-Most pet owners will not be aware that their pet has an oral problem so an examination of the [[Oral Cavity Overview - Anatomy & Physiology|oral cavity]] should be part of every physical examination. '''[[Conscious Oral Examination|Oral examination in a conscious animal]] will only give limited information''' and a [[Oral Examination Under General Anaesthesia|definitive oral examination]] can only be performed under general [[Anaesthesia|anaesthesia]]. All detected abnormalities should be recorded.
+Most pet owners are not aware that their pet has an oral problem so an examination of the [[Oral Cavity Overview - Anatomy & Physiology|oral cavity]] should form part of every physical examination. '''[[Conscious Oral Examination|Oral examination in a conscious animal]] can only give limited information''' and a [[Oral Examination Under General Anaesthesia|definitive oral examination]] can only be performed under general [[Anaesthesia|anaesthesia]]. All detected abnormalities should be recorded.
 <br><br>
-It is important to examine the '''whole animal''', even when the primary complaint is the mouth. Some dental diseases may be the result of a systemic problem and some may be resulting in systemic complications. In all cases, dental procedures require a general anaesthetic so it is important to establish the cardiovascular and respiratory status ([[Canine Physiology - WikiNormals|canine]] and [[Feline Physiology - WikiNormals|feline]]) physiological values, of the patient to avoid risks or complications.
+It is important to examine the '''whole animal''', even when the primary complaint is the mouth. Some dental diseases may be the result of a systemic problem and some may result in systemic complications. In all cases, dental procedures require a general anaesthetic so it is important to establish the cardiovascular and respiratory status and ([[Canine Physiology - WikiNormals|canine]] and [[Feline Physiology - WikiNormals|feline]]) physiological values of the patient to avoid risks or complications.
 <br><br>
-Few owners are aware that their pet may have a dental problem. Pain originating from dental problems is very seldom recognized by owners or professionals. Seldom will an animal become anorexic due to a dental problem, the exception to this is in the case of severe soft tissue injury, for example chronic gingivostomatitis. Most times dental pain is a '''chronic pain''', and it is only after treatment that an owner reports how much better their pet is doing. Pain is often mistaken for a pet “just getting old”.
+Few owners are aware that their pet may have a dental problem. Pain originating from dental problems is very rarely recognized by owners or professionals. Seldom will an animal become anorexic due to a dental problem. The exception to this is in the case of severe soft tissue injury, for example chronic gingivostomatitis. In general dental pain is a '''chronic pain''', and it is only after treatment that an owner reports how much better their pet is doing. Pain is often mistaken for a pet “just getting old”.
-Very few clients examine their pets’ [[:Category:Teeth - Anatomy & Physiology|teeth]] unless they are carrying out daily homecare, so actual dental problems will often go unnoticed.
+Very few clients examine their pets’ [[:Category:Teeth - Anatomy & Physiology|teeth]] unless they are carrying out daily homecare, so actual dental problems often go unnoticed.
 <br><br>
 It is important to recognize symptoms that may have a link to dental diseases such as a '''nasal discharge''' or '''external facial swellings'''. In some cases, dental patients may even present with what appear to be '''neurological symptoms'''.
@@ Line 23: / Line 23: @@
 *Weight loss</b>
 <br>
-As well as the presentation, primary complaint and signalment, it is important to obtain a full clinical history of previous illnesses and treatments. Some diseases may have an impact on oral health for example, [[FIV]], [[:Category:Respiratory Viral Infections|respiratory viruses]], [[:Category:Immunological Disorders|immune mediated conditions]] etc. Although questions related to feeding and diet may be helpful when assessing [[:Category:Dental Conditions|dental diseases]], the information obtained can sometimes be misleading. For example many pets appear to continue eating as normal as they eat the same food and quantity but the owner may have failed to notice that they are eating more slowly or that they are only chewing on one side. Any change in feeding behaviour or any vices such as stone chewing do provide useful information though.
+As well as the presentation, primary complaint and signalment, it is important to obtain a full clinical history of previous illnesses and treatments. Some diseases may have an impact on oral health, for example, [[FIV]], [[:Category:Respiratory Viral Infections|respiratory viruses]], [[:Category:Immunological Disorders|immune mediated conditions]] etc. Although questions related to feeding and diet may be helpful when assessing [[:Category:Dental Conditions|dental diseases]], the information obtained can sometimes be misleading. For example many pets appear to continue eating normally as they eat the same food and quantity but the owner may have failed to notice that they are eating more slowly or that they are only chewing on one side. Any change in feeding behaviour or any vices such as stone chewing provide useful information.
 <br><br>
 There are '''subtle changes''' which often go unnoticed and the client should be questioned as to whether any of these have occurred –
-*Ask whether the pet has changed their '''drinking behaviour''' (cold water may cause a reaction in dogs with sensitive teeth),
+*Ask whether the pet has changed their '''drinking behaviour''' (cold water may cause a reaction in dogs with sensitive teeth).
-*Ask about any '''hesitancy when food is being chewed or swallowed''', or any '''exaggerated swallowing actions''',
+*Ask about any '''hesitancy when food is being chewed or swallowed''', or any '''exaggerated swallowing actions'''.
 *Ask if there are any '''changes to the way the pet prehends its food or toys''' and whether one side of the mouth has been favoured above the other.
 <br>
-A history of all '''previous dental treatments''' is also important to ascertain whether the condition is acute or chronic or recurrent. Where possible, try and ascertain how long the pet has had the problem and whether the main complaint has changed during this time. It is important to enquire about the actual oral symptoms, and remembering that the client is probably not aware of their pet’s problem, detailed questioning regarding feeding, behaviour, play time and subtle changes in temperament may be required.
+A history of all '''previous dental treatments''' is also important to determine whether the condition is acute, chronic or recurrent. Where possible, try and ascertain how long the pet has had the problem and whether the main complaint has changed during this time. It is important to enquire about the actual oral symptoms, and remembering that the client is probably not aware of their pets' problem, detailed questioning regarding feeding, behaviour, play time and subtle changes in temperament may be required.
 <br><br>
-It is also important to find out what '''level of [[Oral Hygiene|dental homecare]]''' the owners provide prior to any treatment being carried out. This is very important for those diseases requiring long term management and where no “cure” is available. It is also important to know what homecare is being provided prior to the full examination to ascertain whether this is adequate.
+It is also important to find out what '''level of [[Oral Hygiene|dental homecare]]''' the owner provides prior to any treatment being carried out. This is very important for diseases requiring long term management and where no “cure” is available. It is also important to know what homecare is being provided prior to the full examination to ascertain whether this is adequate.
 <br><br>
 ==General Physical Examination==
-A complete, general physical examination should always be carried out and never overlooked in the attempt to move straight to the primary complaint. Most patients will need a [Anaesthesia|general anaesthetic]] for a dental diagnosis, so in order for treatment to be carried out it is important to check the [[Cardiorespiratory System Overview - Anatomy & Physiology|cardiovascular and respiratory]] systems and identify any potential risks. Some oral diseases may also be linked to more generalised disease for example, [[Atopic Dermatitis|dogs with skin allergies]] often have severely worn incisor teeth, with or without hair impaction, resulting in [[periodontitis]]. Certain autoimmune conditions manifest at all mucocutaneous junctions, so always check the whole body for lesions, not just the mouth. It is also important to remember that oral signs may be secondary to systemic disease, not a disease entity on their own, for example, [[Uremia|uremic ulcerations]], [[Haemorrhage#Petechiae|petechial haemorrhages]] secondary to [[:Category:Haemostasis and Bleeding Disorders|bleeding disorders]]/[[:Category:Liver - Pathology|liver disease]] etc.
+A complete, general physical examination should always be carried out and never overlooked in the attempt to move straight to the primary complaint. Most patients will need a [Anaesthesia|general anaesthetic]] for a dental diagnosis, so in order for treatment to be carried out it is important to check the [[Cardiorespiratory System Overview - Anatomy & Physiology|cardiovascular and respiratory]] systems and identify any potential risks. Some oral diseases may also be linked to more generalised disease, for example, [[Atopic Dermatitis|dogs with skin allergies]] often have severely worn incisor teeth, with or without hair impaction, resulting in [[periodontitis]]. Certain autoimmune conditions manifest at all mucocutaneous junctions, so always check the whole body for lesions, not just the mouth. It is also important to remember that oral signs may be secondary to systemic disease, not a disease entity on their own, for example, [[Uremia|uremic ulcerations]], [[Haemorrhage#Petechiae|petechial haemorrhages]] secondary to [[:Category:Haemostasis and Bleeding Disorders|bleeding disorders]]/[[:Category:Liver - Pathology|liver disease]] etc.
 [[Category:Oral Examination]]
-[[Category:To Do - Dentistry preMars]]
+[[Category:To Do - Mars Check]]

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:09, 10 June 2013
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	[[Category:Oral Examination]]		[[Category:Oral Examination]]
		+	[[Category:To Do - Dentistry Images]]