Otitis Externa - Cat and Dog - Revision history

TestStudent at 12:57, 23 August 2015

2015-08-23T12:57:28Z

TestStudent at 12:55, 23 August 2015

2015-08-23T12:55:13Z

TestStudent at 12:46, 23 August 2015

2015-08-23T12:46:59Z

Bara at 12:26, 9 August 2012

2012-08-09T12:26:05Z

Nbvet: /* Predisposing factors */

2012-03-27T11:17:03Z

Predisposing factors

Bara at 22:37, 6 September 2011

2011-09-06T22:37:19Z

HelenD at 07:30, 2 September 2011

2011-09-02T07:30:15Z

HelenD at 14:19, 5 August 2011

2011-08-05T14:19:28Z

Bevpanto: /* Introduction */

2011-08-01T08:51:36Z

Introduction

Bevpanto: Undo revision 123076 by Bevpanto (talk)

2011-08-01T08:50:29Z

Undo revision 123076 by Bevpanto (talk)

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 {{Learning
 |Vetstream = [https://www.vetstream.com/canis/Content/Disease/dis02565.asp Otitis externa]<br>[https://www.vetstream.com/canis/Content/Disease/dis02285.asp Otitis media]<br>[https://www.vetstream.com/canis/Content/Disease/dis02604.asp Aural hematoma]<br>[https://www.vetstream.com/canis/Content/Technique/teq00146.asp Total ear canal ablation]
 |flashcards = [[Small Animal Dermatology Q&A 19]]
 }}

@@ Line 123: / Line 123: @@
 {{Learning
-|Vetstream = [https://www.vetstream.com/canis/Content/Disease/dis02565.asp Otitis externa]
+|Vetstream = [https://www.vetstream.com/canis/Content/Disease/dis02565.asp Otitis externa]<br>[https://www.vetstream.com/canis/Content/Disease/dis02285.asp Otitis media]<br>[https://www.vetstream.com/canis/Content/Disease/dis02604.asp Aural hematoma]<br>[https://www.vetstream.com/canis/Content/Technique/teq00146.asp Total ear canal ablation]
 |flashcards = [[Small Animal Dermatology Q&A 19]]
 }}

@@ Line 123: / Line 123: @@
 {{Learning
 |flashcards = [[Small Animal Dermatology Q&A 19]]
 }}

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 ==Introduction==
 Otitis externa is an '''acute or chronic inflammation of the external ear canal''', developing anywhere from the tympanic membrane to the pinna.
@@ Line 132: / Line 133: @@
 {{review}}
 [[Category:Dermatological Diseases - Dog]][[Category:Dermatological Diseases - Cat]]
 [[Category:Expert Review - Small Animal]]
 [[Category:Integumentary System - Mite Infections]]

@@ Line 15: / Line 15: @@
 <u>Anatomy</u>: pendulous pinnae, hairy, stenotic canals, long, steeply-sloping canals
-<u>Maceration</u>: wetting due to swimming, high humidity
+<u>Maceration</u>: wetting due to swimming, bathing/hosing, high humidity.
 <u>Trauma</u>: usually from inappropriate cleaning

@@ Line 8: / Line 8: @@
 ==Aetiology==
 There are three areas which regroup the causes of otitis externa.
+:'''Predisposing factors''' increase the risk of development of the disease.
-'''Predisposing factors''' increase the risk of development of the disease.
+:'''Primary factors''' directly cause the otitis.
+:'''Perpetuating factors''' prevent the resolution of otitis externa once it develops.
 ===Predisposing factors===
@@ Line 27: / Line 24: @@
 ===Primary factors===
-<u>Parasites</u>: ''[[Otodectes cynotis]]'', ''Sarcoptes'', ''Demodex'', ''Neotrombicula'', ticks
+<u>Parasites</u>: ''[[Otodectes cynotis]]'', ''[[Sarcoptes]]'', ''[[Demodex]]'', [[Trombicula autumnalis|''Neotrombicula'']], [[:Category:Ticks|ticks]]
-<u>Fungi</u>: Dermatophytosis
+<u>Fungi</u>: [[Dermatophytosis]]
-<u>Allergies</u>: atopic dermatitis, diet, contact
+<u>Allergies</u>: [[Atopic Dermatitis|atopic dermatitis]], diet, [[Contact Dermatitis|contact]]
 <u>Foreign bodies</u>: grass seeds, grass awns,
-<u>Abnormal epidermal turnover or sebum production</u>: [[Seborrhea|seborrhea]], endocrinopathy, nutritional problems, sebaceous adenitis
+<u>Abnormal epidermal turnover or sebum production</u>: [[Seborrhea|seborrhea]], endocrinopathy, nutritional problems, [[Sebaceous Adenitis|sebaceous adenitis]]
 <u>Primary keratinisation defects</u>: [[Seborrhea|idiopathic seborrhoea]]
-<u>Autoimmune disease</u>: pemphigus foliaceus
+<u>Autoimmune disease</u>: [[Pemphigus Foliaceus|pemphigus foliaceus]]
-<u>Miscellaneous</u>: juvenile cellulitis
+<u>Miscellaneous</u>: [[Juvenile Pyoderma|juvenile cellulitis]]
 ===Perpetuating factors===
-<u>Bacteria</u>: ''S. intermedius'', ''Pseudomonas aeruginosa'', ''Proteus''
+<u>Bacteria</u>: ''S. intermedius'', ''[[Pseudomonas aeruginosa]]'', ''[[Proteus]]''
-<u>Fungi</u>: ''Malassezia pachydermatis
+<u>Fungi</u>: ''[[Malassezia pachydermatis]]
-<u>Topical treatments</u>: innapropriate use of topical treatments
+<u>Topical treatments</u>: inappropriate use of topical treatments
 <u>Progressive ear pathology</u>: ulceration, glandular hypertrophy and atrophy, thickened, folded canals
@@ Line 54: / Line 51: @@
 <u>Otitis media</u>
-==Clinical signs==
+==Clinical Signs==
 The animal will present with a history of '''head-shaking and ear scratching''', either acute-onset and severe or chronic and intermittent.
 The ears may show evidence of '''self-trauma, erythema, and primary and secondary lesions'''. There may be pinnal deformities and the ear canal may feel thickened on palpation.
-The animal may present with an '''aural haematoma''' from head-shaking if it is severe.
+The animal may present with an [[Aural Haematoma|'''aural haematoma''']] from head-shaking if it is severe.
 There may be '''discharge''' coming from the ear which may be brown and waxy or purulent and green.
@@ Line 90: / Line 87: @@
 '''Medical therapy''' may be useful:
+:'''Oral corticosteroids''' can be given for a short period at a high dose to open constricted canals and improve topical treatment efficacy.
-'''Oral corticosteroids''' can be given for a short period at a high dose to open constricted canals and improve topical treatment efficacy.
+:If there is a bacterial otitis, '''oral antibiotics''' are useful.
+:If ''[[Otodectes cynotis]]'' is detected, a general topical or systemic '''antiparasitic''' is indicated as this parasite can invade sites other than the ear.
-If there is a bacterial otitis, '''oral antibiotics''' are useful.
+:Many '''topical treatments''' are available for otitis externa cases. These usually provide a '''combination''' of anti-bacterial, anti-fungal, anti-parasitic and anti-inflammatory agents.
 Duration of treatment should continue until the infection is resolved.
-Animals should be examined and '''cytology swabs taken every week''' until there is no cytological evidence of infection.
+Animals should be examined and '''cytology swabs taken every week''' until there is no cytological evidence of infection. This usually takes '''2-4 weeks''' for acute cases. Chronic cases may take months to resolve and therapy may have to continue for the rest of the animal's life.
 <u>Prevention:</u>
@@ Line 118: / Line 107: @@
 '''Palpation''' of the ear canals and '''radiographs''' will help determine if there are chronic changes to the ear canals such as calcification.
-===Lateral wall resection===
+===Lateral Wall Resection===
 This can be performed at an early stage to increased '''drainage and ventilation''' of the external ear canal.
@@ Line 141: / Line 130: @@
 Harvey, R. (2001) '''Ear diseases of the dog and cat''' ''Manson Publishing''
 {{review}}

@@ Line 35: / Line 35: @@
 <u>Foreign bodies</u>: grass seeds, grass awns,
-<u>Abnormal epidermal turnover or sebum production</u>: endocrinopathy, nutritional problems, sebaceous adenitis
+<u>Abnormal epidermal turnover or sebum production</u>: [[Seborrhea|seborrhea]], endocrinopathy, nutritional problems, sebaceous adenitis
-<u>Primary keratinisation defects</u>: idiopathic seborrhoea
+<u>Primary keratinisation defects</u>: [[Seborrhea|idiopathic seborrhoea]]
 <u>Autoimmune disease</u>: pemphigus foliaceus
@@ Line 82: / Line 82: @@
 If an '''allergy''' is suspected, various tests such as intra-dermal allergy testing could be performed in order to provide a long-term means of control.
-==Treatment and control==
+==Medical Treatment and Control==
 Underlying '''predisposing, primary and perpetuating factors''' should be corrected.
@@ Line 112: / Line 112: @@
 '''Astringents''' can be used for dogs who are used to swimming to minimise maceration. Hairs can be regularly '''plucked''' from the inside of the ear to improve ventilation.
 ==References==

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-== Introduction ==
+==Introduction==
-''[[Otodectes cynotis]]'' is a non-burrowing mite that can cause Otitis Externa. It is the most common mite of cats and dogs worldwide and is also seen in foxes and ferrets. The mite feeds on surface tissue in the ear and debris. Pruritus is caused by irritation and the saliva of the mites, which is immunogenic. '''Secondary bacterial infection''' is common, resulting in purulent otitis externa which will require more treatment.
+Otitis externa is an '''acute or chronic inflammation of the external ear canal''', developing anywhere from the tympanic membrane to the pinna.
-The classical presentation of ''Otodectes'' mite is otitis externa, which affects the external ear canal. In cats, another presentation can be seen, which is that of an ectopic infection where signs are seen on other body parts such as the tail. This is due to contact e.g. cats sleeping in a curled position would allow mites to infest that area.
+It is the most common disease of the ear canal in dogs and cats, and is much more common in dogs than in cats.
-== Clinical Signs ==
+It can range from a mild to a severe disease and it sometimes extends to the middle ear.
-== Diagnosis ==
+==Aetiology==
-Clinical signs and history are indicative of the disease.
+There are three areas which regroup the causes of otitis externa.
-Visualisation of the mites via an auroscope will provide definitive diagnosis.
+'''Predisposing factors''' increase the risk of development of the disease.
-== Treatment ==
+'''Primary factors''' directly cause the otitis.
-Selamectin as a spot on also acts to prevent ''Otodectes''.
+'''Perpetuating factors''' prevent the resolution of otitis externa once it develops.
-All in contact animals should be treated in the household as these may be asymptomatic carriers.
+===Predisposing factors===
-== References ==
+<u>Maceration</u>: wetting due to swimming, high humidity
-Also see: <big><b>[[Mites - Ferrets#Ear Mites|Ear Mites in Ferrets]]</b></big>
+<u>Trauma</u>: usually from inappropriate cleaning
 {{review}}