Platelet Abnormalities - Revision history

Bara: /* Clinical Significance */

2013-10-15T16:18:09Z

Clinical Significance

2011-10-10T22:51:47Z

2011-02-14T14:55:27Z

Text replace - "[[Haemorrhage - Pathology" to "[[Haemorrhage"

2010-12-16T16:53:45Z

Literature Search

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Clinical Significance

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Thrombocytosis

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Terminology

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Terminology

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Causes of increased platelet destruction

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Clinical Significance

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:18, 15 October 2013
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	[[Category:Haematology Changes]]		[[Category:Haematology Changes]]
	[[Category:Lymphoreticular and Haematopoietic Diseases - Dog]]		[[Category:Lymphoreticular and Haematopoietic Diseases - Dog]]
		+	[[Category:Cardiology Section]]

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 The use of Vincristine (a drug also used in chemotherapy for neoplasia) has been advocated in cases of thrombocytopaenia as it increases the rate of fragmentation of megakaryocytes and decreases the descruction of platelets by macrophages. A single intravenous dose is usually given.
-==Literature Search==
+{{Learning
-[[File:CABI logo.jpg|left|90px]]
+|literature search = [http://www.cabdirect.org/search.html?q=title%3A%28thrombocytopenia%29+OR+title%3A%28thrombocytopaenia%29&fq=sc%3A%22ve%22 Thrombocytopaenia publications]
 [http://www.cabdirect.org/search.html?q=title%3A%28thrombocytopathia%29+ Thrombocytopathia publications]
 [http://www.cabdirect.org/search.html?q=title%3A%28thrombocytosis%29&fq=sc%3A%22ve%22 Thrombocytosis publications]

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 ==Clinical Significance==
 Other than essential thrombocythaemia, thrombocytosis has no clinical importance except as an indicator of another disease process.  Thrombocytopaenia and thrombocytopathia both result in reductions in the effectiveness of primary haemostasis, producing bleeding disorders.  Since bleeding points are usually sealed by a fibrin clot, disorders of primary haemostasis tend to be less severe than those caused by deficiencies of the coagulation factors.  Common signs of a disorder of primary haemostasis include:
-*Petechial or ecchymotic [[Haemorrhage - Pathology|haemorrhages]] on the skin or mucous membranes.
+*Petechial or ecchymotic [[Haemorrhage|haemorrhages]] on the skin or mucous membranes.
-*[[Haemorrhage - Pathology|Haemorrhages]] from the mucous membranes, producing haematuria, haematochezia, haematemesis, haemoptysis and melaena.
+*[[Haemorrhage|Haemorrhages]] from the mucous membranes, producing haematuria, haematochezia, haematemesis, haemoptysis and melaena.
 *[[Regenerative and Non-Regenerative Anaemias|Anaemia]] with a reactive [[Neutrophilia|neutrophilia]] and [[Monocytosis|monocytosis]] if the haemorrhage is severe.

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:53, 16 December 2010
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	[[Category:Haemorrhagic Diseases]]		[[Category:Haemorrhagic Diseases]]
	[[Category:Haematology Changes]]		[[Category:Haematology Changes]]
		+	[[Category:Lymphoreticular and Haematopoietic Diseases - Dog]]

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 *Petechial or ecchymotic [[Haemorrhage - Pathology|haemorrhages]] on the skin or mucous membranes.
 *[[Haemorrhage - Pathology|Haemorrhages]] from the mucous membranes, producing haematuria, haematochezia, haematemesis, haemoptysis and melaena.
-*[[Anaemia - Introduction|Anaemia]] with a reactive [[Neutrophilia|neutrophilia]] and [[Monocytosis|monocytosis]] if the haemorrhage is severe.
+*[[Regenerative and Non-Regenerative Anaemias|Anaemia]] with a reactive [[Neutrophilia|neutrophilia]] and [[Monocytosis|monocytosis]] if the haemorrhage is severe.
 Severe platelet deficiencies may be managed with transfusions of whole blood or, in the USA, with transfusions of platelet cryoprecipitate - this helps to control the anaemia which occurs as a consequence of haemorrhage and which is the life threatening sympton that required correction (rather than the thrombocytopenia).  With both techniques however, it is likely that the transfused platelets have only a short half life in the recipient.

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 *'''Splenic contraction''' which pushes sequestered platelets into the circulation.  This phenomenon is especially marked in '''horses''' which have a muscular splenic capsule.
 *'''Splenectomy''' prevents the sequestration of platelets in the spleen, resulting in consistently increased levels of platelets.
-*As part of a response to [[Anaemia - Introduction|anaemia]] a '''reactive thrombocytosis''' is often documented and this may precede signs of regeneration.
+*As part of a response to [[Regenerative and Non-Regenerative Anaemias|anaemia]] a '''reactive thrombocytosis''' is often documented and this may precede signs of regeneration.
 Pathological

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 [[Platelet|Platelets]] (or thrombocytes) are responsible for primary haemostasis by the formation of a temporary platelet plug that initially seals any breach to a blood vessel wall.  These breaches are then sealed more completely by the formation of a fibrin clot induced by the coagulation factor cascade.
 ===Terminology===
-*'''Thrombocytopaenia''' refers to low absolute numbers of platelets. Infections, neoplasia and [[Immune Mediated Thrombocytopaenia|Immune-mediated thrombocytopaenia]] (ITP) are common causes of thrombocytopaenia, which is frequently a secondary disease.
+*'''Thrombocytopaenia''' refers to low absolute numbers of platelets. Infections, neoplasia and [[Immune Mediated Thrombocytopaenia|immune-mediated thrombocytopaenia]] (ITP) are common causes of thrombocytopaenia, which is frequently a secondary disease.
 *'''Thrombocytopathia''' refers to platelets that are unable to function adequately.
 *'''Thrombocytosis''' refers to an increase in the blood platelet concentration above the normal level.

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 ===Causes of increased platelet destruction===
 *'''Infectious diseases''' that cause destruction of platelets include [[Bovine Viral Diarrhoea Virus|bovine viral diarrhoea (BVD)]], [[Classical Swine Fever|classical swine fever]] and [[Infectious Canine Hepatitis|infectious canine hepatitis]].  The parasites [[Ehrlichia platys|''Anaplasma platys'']], [[Ehrlichia phagocytophila|''Anaplasma phagocytophilum'']] and ''[[Ehrlichia canis]]'' may also cause infectious thrombocytopaenia.  Any severe bacterial infection, including those caused by [[:Category:Staphylococcus species|''Staphylococci'']] and the Gram negative bacteria that produce endotoxins (e.g. [[:Category:Pseudomonas and Burkholderia species|''Pseudomonas sp.'']] or [[Salmonella|''Salmonella sp.'']]) may also result in the destruction of platelets.
 ===Causes of platelet sequestration===