Porcine Intestinal Spirochaetosis - Revision history

Bara at 14:45, 17 August 2012

2012-08-17T14:45:26Z

Bara: Text replace - "Category:CABI Expert Review" to "Category:CABI Expert ReviewCategory:CABI AHPC Pages"

2012-04-13T15:06:40Z

Text replace - "Category:CABI Expert Review" to "Category:CABI Expert Review Category:CABI AHPC Pages"

Bara: /* References */

2011-08-12T14:20:06Z

References

Bara at 17:27, 6 July 2011

2011-07-06T17:27:40Z

Lwyasm1: /* Introduction */

2011-06-17T10:27:08Z

Introduction

Lwyasm1: /* Introduction */

2011-06-17T10:26:50Z

Introduction

Lwyasm1: /* Signalment */

2011-06-17T10:26:11Z

Signalment

Lwyasm1: /* Introduction */

2011-06-17T10:25:27Z

Introduction

Lwyasm1 at 10:25, 17 June 2011

2011-06-17T10:25:09Z

Lwyasm1 at 13:43, 16 June 2011

2011-06-16T13:43:29Z

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 Also Known As: '''''PIS — Porcine Colonic Spirochaetosis — Spirochaetal Diarrhoea'''''
@@ Line 62: / Line 63: @@
 {{review}}
 [[Category:Zoonoses]]
 [[Category:Intestinal Diseases - Pig]]
 [[Category:Alimentary Diseases - Birds]]
 [[Category:CABI Expert Review]][[Category:CABI AHPC Pages]]

@@ Line 65: / Line 65: @@
 [[Category:Intestinal Diseases - Pig]]
 [[Category:Alimentary Diseases - Birds]]
-[[Category:CABI Expert Review]]
+[[Category:CABI Expert Review]][[Category:CABI AHPC Pages]]

@@ Line 55: / Line 55: @@
 ==References==
 <references/>
-Animal Health & Production Compendium, '''Porcine Intestinal Spirochaetosis datasheet''', accessed 16/06/2011 @ http://www.cabi.org/ahpc/
+{{CABI source
+|datasheet = [http://www.cabi.org/ahpc/?compid=3&dsid=68593&loadmodule=datasheet&page=2144&site=160 porcine intestinal spirochaetosis]
-Animal Health & Production Compendium, '''Brachyspira pilosicoli datasheet''', accessed 16/06/2011 @ http://www.cabi.org/ahpc/
+|date =11 June 2011
+}}
 {{review}}

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-Also Known As – '''''PIS – Porcine colonic spirochaetosis – Spirochaetal diarrhoea'''''
+Also Known As: '''''PIS — Porcine Colonic Spirochaetosis — Spirochaetal Diarrhoea'''''
-Caused By – ''Brachyspira pilosicoli''
+Caused By: '''''[[Brachyspira pilosicoli]]''
 ==Introduction==
 [[File:Intestinal spirochetosis - cropped - very high mag.jpg|thumb|200px|right|Intestinal spirochetosis - note the hyperchromatic fuzzy appearance of the brush border adjacent to the lumen. This is the attached spirochaetes. Wikimedia Commons.]]
-Porcine spirochaetosis is a '''[[Alimentary System - Anatomy & Physiology|gastrointestinal]] disease of pigs''' caused by the '''gram negative anaerobic''' [[Bacteria|bacterium]], '''''Brachyspira pilosicoli'''''. The bacterium can be recognised by its 8-12 flagellae, inserted at each pole of the cell.
+Porcine spirochaetosis is a '''gastrointestinal disease of pigs''' caused by the '''gram negative anaerobic''' bacterium, '''''[[Brachyspira pilosicoli]]'''''.
 The pathogen colonises the '''lumen and crypts of the large intestine''', attaching firmly at one end of the cell to the epithelium.
@@ Line 16: / Line 16: @@
 Porcine spirochaetosis is present in many significant pig rearing countries, including the '''UK, Europe, Scandinavia, USA, Canada, Brazil and Australasia.'''
-Transmission is mainly '''faecal: oral.'''
+Transmission is mainly '''faecal: oral.''' The bacterium can remain viable in lake water for up to 2 months, providing another route of transmission. Birds and rodents may act as vectors for disease.
 ==Signalment==
-''B. pilosicoli'' has also been isolated from '''people, dogd, waterfowl, chickens and guinea pigs.'''
+''B. pilosicoli'' has also been isolated from '''people, dogs, waterfowl, chickens and guinea pigs.''' Clinical disease is most common in pigs followed by birds.
 '''Overcrowding and movement''' of pigs between sites predisposes them to infection and clinical disease.
@@ Line 29: / Line 26: @@
 ==Clinical Signs==
-Clinical disease is generally '''mild.'''
+Clinical disease is generally '''mild.''' The signs include '''grey or grey-green [[Diarrhoea|diarrhoea]]''' which may contain blood or mucus, colitis, '''sub-optimal growth rates and feed efficiency.''' Pigs may require up to 28 additional days to reach slaughter weight.
 Occasionally, pigs may become depressed and lethargic.
@@ Line 66: / Line 59: @@
 Animal Health & Production Compendium, '''Brachyspira pilosicoli datasheet''', accessed 16/06/2011 @ http://www.cabi.org/ahpc/
-[[Category:To Do - CABI review]]

@@ Line 4: / Line 4: @@
 ==Introduction==
-[[File:Intestinal spirochetosis - cropped - very high mag.jpg|thumb|200px|right|Intestinal spirochetosis - note the hyperchromatic fuzzy appearance of the brush border adjacent to the lumen. This is the attached spirochaetes. Wikimedia Commons.]]]]
+[[File:Intestinal spirochetosis - cropped - very high mag.jpg|thumb|200px|right|Intestinal spirochetosis - note the hyperchromatic fuzzy appearance of the brush border adjacent to the lumen. This is the attached spirochaetes. Wikimedia Commons.]]
 Porcine spirochaetosis is a '''[[Alimentary System - Anatomy & Physiology|gastrointestinal]] disease of pigs''' caused by the '''gram negative anaerobic''' [[Bacteria|bacterium]], '''''Brachyspira pilosicoli'''''. The bacterium can be recognised by its 8-12 flagellae, inserted at each pole of the cell.

← Older revision		Revision as of 10:26, 17 June 2011
Line 25:		Line 25:

	'''Overcrowding and movement''' of pigs between sites predisposes them to infection and clinical disease.		'''Overcrowding and movement''' of pigs between sites predisposes them to infection and clinical disease.
		+
	Infection is most common in 8-14 week old piglets, particularly within 1-2 weeks of moving and mixing batches.		Infection is most common in 8-14 week old piglets, particularly within 1-2 weeks of moving and mixing batches.

← Older revision		Revision as of 10:25, 17 June 2011
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−	[[Category:To Do - ~~Steph~~]]	+	Also Known As – '''''PIS – Porcine colonic spirochaetosis – Spirochaetal diarrhoea'''''
		+
		+	Caused By – ''Brachyspira pilosicoli''
		+
		+	==Introduction==
		+	[[File:[[File:Intestinal spirochetosis - cropped - very high mag.jpg\|thumb\|200px\|right\|Intestinal spirochetosis - note the hyperchromatic fuzzy appearance of the brush border adjacent to the lumen. This is the attached spirochaetes. Wikimedia Commons.]]]]
		+	Porcine spirochaetosis is a '''[[Alimentary System - Anatomy & Physiology\|gastrointestinal]] disease of pigs''' caused by the '''gram negative anaerobic'''[[Bacteria\|bacterium]], '''''Brachyspira pilosicoli'''''. The bacterium can be recognised by its 8-12 flagellae, inserted at each pole of the cell.
		+
		+	The pathogen colonises the '''lumen and crypts of the large intestine''', attaching firmly at one end of the cell to the epithelium.
		+
		+	PIS is also '''zoonotic''' and is associated with chronic diarrhoea and rectal bleeding in humans.
		+
		+	This disease is '''notifiable''' to the World Organisation for Animal Health [http://www.oie.int/ (OIE)]
		+
		+	==Distribution==
		+	Porcine spirochaetosis is present in many significant pig rearing countries, including the '''UK, Europe, Scandinavia, USA, Canada, Brazil and Australasia.'''
		+
		+	Transmission is mainly '''faecal: oral.'''
		+	The bacterium can remain viable in lake water for up to 2 months, providing another route of transmission.
		+	Birds and rodents may act as vectors for disease.
		+
		+	==Signalment==
		+	''B. pilosicoli'' has also been isolated from '''people, dogd, waterfowl, chickens and guinea pigs.'''
		+	Clinical disease is most common in pigs followed by birds.
		+
		+	'''Overcrowding and movement''' of pigs between sites predisposes them to infection and clinical disease.
		+	Infection is most common in 8-14 week old piglets, particularly within 1-2 weeks of moving and mixing batches.
		+
		+	==Clinical Signs==
		+	Clinical disease is generally '''mild.'''
		+
		+	'''Grey or grey-green [[Diarrhoea\|diarrhoea]]''' which may contain blood or mucus, and colitis
		+
		+	'''Sub-optimal growth rates and feed efficiency.''' Pigs may require up to 28 additional days to reach slaughter weight.
		+
		+	Occasionally, pigs may become depressed and lethargic.
		+
		+	==Diagnosis==
		+	''B. pilosicoli'' can be cultured from faeces or intestinal samples and isolated on '''blood agar''' with selective antibiotics in '''anaerobic''' conditions. Colonies are '''weakly haemolytic''' and can be definitively identified as spirochaetes under phase contract or dark field microscopy.
		+
		+	'''PCR''' can then confirm species identification.
		+
		+	On '''post-mortem''', animals are in poor body condition and oedema is common between the coils of the large intestine. When the colon is opened, the mucosa is '''erythematous''' in patches.
		+
		+	Histologically, a '''fake brush border of attached spirochaetes''' is pathognomic.
		+
		+	==Treatment==
		+	'''Lincomycin and Tiamulin''' are the most common antibiotics used against PIS, given in water or by injection.
		+
		+	==Control==
		+	At risk pigs are sometimes given prophylactic antibiotics although this use is controversial.
		+
		+	Mixing and moving pigs should be avoided where possible.
		+
		+	Feeding meal or mash may reduce the occurrence of diarrhoea.
		+
		+	{{Learning
		+	\|flashcards = [[Porcine Intestinal Spirochaetosis Flashcards]]
		+	}}
		+
		+	==References==
		+	<references/>
		+	Animal Health & Production Compendium, '''Porcine Intestinal Spirochaetosis datasheet''', accessed 16/06/2011 @ http://www.cabi.org/ahpc/
		+
		+	Animal Health & Production Compendium, '''Brachyspira pilosicoli datasheet''', accessed 16/06/2011 @ http://www.cabi.org/ahpc/
		+
		+	[[Category:To Do - CABI review]]

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:43, 16 June 2011
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−	[[Category:To Do - ~~CABI~~]]	+	[[Category:To Do - Steph]]