Pregnancy Structures - Revision history

Bara at 17:26, 18 July 2012

2012-07-18T17:26:47Z

Bara at 16:15, 5 September 2011

2011-09-05T16:15:26Z

HelenD at 07:21, 3 August 2011

2011-08-03T07:21:00Z

HelenD: /* Normal structures found during pregnancy */

2011-07-31T10:41:45Z

Normal structures found during pregnancy

Bara at 19:15, 12 April 2011

2011-04-12T19:15:13Z

Bara: Created page with "====ANATOMY==== Mare and pig: diffuse placenta
Dog and cat: zonary placenta
Ruminants: cotyledonary placenta *Cotyledon=area of attachment of foetal placenta (black area..."

2011-04-12T19:11:55Z

Created page with "====ANATOMY==== Mare and pig: diffuse placenta <br>Dog and cat: zonary placenta <br>Ruminants: cotyledonary placenta *Cotyledon=area of attachment of foetal placenta (black area..."

New page

====ANATOMY====
Mare and pig: diffuse placenta
<br>Dog and cat: zonary placenta
<br>Ruminants: cotyledonary placenta
*Cotyledon=area of attachment of foetal placenta (black areas of diagram).
*Caruncle=maternal endometrial attachment site (stippled areas of diagram).
*Placentome = cotyledon + caruncle.

insert the diagrams here

====Normal structures found during pregnancy====
#Corpora lutea in ovaries.
#Endometrial cups in the mare. These develop from foetal tissue, visible from day 40, pale and start to slough from day 100. They produce gonadotrophic hormones.
#Amniotic plaques consisting of 2-4 mm plaques of squamous epithelium.
#Placental mineralisation, a milky deposition of calcium mid-pregnancy. May get small bony plaques in the allantochorion.
#Calcified yolk sac remnants.
#Hippomanes in mares.
#Cervical star in mares (placental), an area of fibrosis where the placenta did not attach to uterus during pregnancy.

[[Category:Pregnancy and Parturition]]

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 ==Introduction==
 The placenta provides an '''interface for metabolic exchange''' between the dam and the foetus.
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 {{review}}
 [[Category:Expert Review]]
 [[Category:Pregnancy and Parturition]]

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 In sheep, there are between 90 and 100 cotyledons distributed across the surface, and in cattle 70-120 have been observed.
-The '''placentome''' consists of: a '''foetal cotyledon''' contributed by the chorion and a '''maternal caruncle''' originating from the endometrium.
+The '''placentome''' consists of a '''foetal cotyledon''' contributed by the chorion and a '''maternal caruncle''' originating from the endometrium. These placentomes start forming about day 16 in the sheep and day 25 in the cow. In the sheep the placentomes form a '''concave''' structure, while in the cow they are '''convex'''. During gestation, these placentomes will greatly increase in diameter, nearing 5-6cm in the cow by the end of pregnancy.
 ==Dog and cat placenta==
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 The placenta contains unique transitory structures called '''endometrial cups'''.
-They range from a few milimetres to several centimetres in diameter. There are usually between 5 and 10 endometrial cups distributed over the surface of the placenta. They are of both trophoblastic and endometrial origin.
+They range from a few milimetres to several centimetres in diameter. There are usually between 5 and 10 endometrial cups distributed over the surface of the placenta. They are of both trophoblastic and endometrial origin. These structures produce '''equine chorionic gonadotrophi'''n (eCG) and develop between days 36 and 60 of pregnancy. From day 60 they begin to be sloughed and are no longer functional. The debris from the sloughing of the cup may form allantochorionic pouches, up to 2cm in length, which can be present in the placenta at term.
 The '''hippomane''' is another normal structure of pregnancy: it is liver-like in texture and thought to arise as an out-pouching of the allantois which eventually forms a pedicle and separates to float free in the allantoic cavity. Other suggestions include that it is a collection of debris, thought to be deposits from the foetal urine and cells.
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 Senger, P. (2003) '''Pathways to Pregnancy and Parturition''' ''Current Conceptions Inc''
 [[Category:Pregnancy and Parturition]]

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-====ANATOMY====
+==Introduction==
-Mare and pig: diffuse placenta
+The placenta provides an '''interface for metabolic exchange''' between the dam and the foetus.
- insert the diagrams here
+It is a transitional endocrine organ that produces hormones responsible for:
-====Normal structures found during pregnancy====
+==Ruminant placenta==
-#Corpora lutea in ovaries.
+Ruminants have a '''cotyledonary placenta''', which is defined as a placental unit of trophoblastic origin consisting of abundant blood vessels and connective tissue.
-Information by permission of Professor RW Else
+The '''placentome''' consists of: a '''foetal cotyledon''' contributed by the chorion and a '''maternal caruncle''' originating from the endometrium.
 [[Category:Pregnancy and Parturition]]

← Older revision		Revision as of 19:15, 12 April 2011
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		+	Information by permission of Professor RW Else

	[[Category:Pregnancy and Parturition]]		[[Category:Pregnancy and Parturition]]

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 ====Normal structures found during pregnancy====
 #Corpora lutea in ovaries.
-#Endometrial cups in the mare. These develop from foetal tissue, visible from day 40, pale and start to slough from day 100. They produce gonadotrophic hormones.
+#Endometrial cups in the mare. These develop from foetal tissue, visible from day 40, pale and start to slough from day 100. They produce gonadotrophic hormones. The cups vary from 1-10cm and hold a mixture of debris and secretion which is honey-like. They are not usually found in the placenta at term as they should have disappeared by day 130. The debris from the sloughing of the cup may form allantochorionic pouches, up to 2cm in length, which can be present in the placenta at term.
 #Amniotic plaques consisting of 2-4 mm plaques of squamous epithelium.
 #Placental mineralisation, a milky deposition of calcium mid-pregnancy. May get small bony plaques in the allantochorion.