Reproductive Tract Prolapse - Revision history

Bara at 13:11, 5 July 2012

2012-07-05T13:11:40Z

HelenD at 16:40, 30 August 2011

2011-08-30T16:40:04Z

Bara at 15:09, 5 August 2011

2011-08-05T15:09:35Z

HelenD at 15:03, 1 August 2011

2011-08-01T15:03:44Z

HelenD at 14:17, 30 July 2011

2011-07-30T14:17:49Z

Bara: Text replace - "Category:Reproductive Pathology - Dog" to "Category:Reproductive Diseases - Dog"

2010-12-16T15:55:24Z

Text replace - "Category:Reproductive Pathology - Dog" to "Category:Reproductive Diseases - Dog"

Bara at 14:37, 16 December 2010

2010-12-16T14:37:05Z

Bara: Created page with "Prolapse,Copyright RVC 2008 Prolapse,Copyright RVC 2008 * Cervical/Vaginal Prolapse is..."

2010-12-08T15:33:56Z

New page

[[Image:Cervical Prolapse.jpg|thumb|right|150px|Prolapse,Copyright RVC 2008]]
[[Image:Prolapse.jpg|thumb|right|150px|Prolapse,Copyright RVC 2008]]

* Cervical/Vaginal Prolapse is common in mature females in the last trimester.
* The cervix is unable to support the foetus in '''late gestation'''.

* The vagina and/or cervix is expelled '''during delivery''' causing dystocia
* Uterine prolapse '''after delivery'''

=== Causes ===

* Overconditioning
* Lack of excercise
* Large number of offspring for the species concerned
* Diet

=== Treatment ===

* Wash the prolapse and manually replace
* A vaginal retention device can be used, but discomfort may induce contractions which is counter-productive.
* Vulvar lips can be sutured, but this does not accurately replace the cervix.
* Deep suture of the vaginal wall - '''Buhner suture''' - returns the cervix to the correct position.

[[Category:Reproductive Disorders]][[Category:Parturition]]

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 ==Introduction==
 [[Image:Cervical Prolapse.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Prolapse,Copyright RVC 2008]]
@@ Line 114: / Line 115: @@
 {{review}}
 [[Category:Expert Review]]
 [[Category:Reproductive Disorders]][[Category:Parturition]]
 [[Category:Reproductive Diseases - Horse]][[Category:Reproductive Diseases - Dog]]
 [[Category:Reproductive Diseases - Cattle]][[Category:Reproductive Diseases - Sheep]]

@@ Line 38: / Line 38: @@
 ==Uterine Prolapse==
 This condition occurs '''after parturition''' and occurs sporadically in '''ewes, cattle, mares and sows'''.
 The condition may be complicated by '''prolapse of the bladder, uterine rupture or [[Hernia|intestinal herniation]]'''. One major concern is to prevent rupture of the '''large uterine vessels''' which will lead to rapid exsanguination.
@@ Line 46: / Line 48: @@
 ===Clinical Signs===
 The uterus protrudes out through the cervix, vagina and the lips of the vulva. The visible surface is the inside of the uterus and it may appear swollen, reddened and dry. There might also be tearing and bleeding and the placenta may still be partly attached to the uterine lining.
 ===Treatment===
 '''[[:Category:Fluid Therapy|Fluid therapy]]''' may be indicated if the animal is showing signs of shock and '''[[calcium]]''' might need to be administered.
@@ Line 75: / Line 81: @@
 A simple prolapse with retained placenta has a '''good prognosis'''. '''Subsequent breeding is not contraindicated''' and a prolapse is no more likely to occur again. The condition is not a reason to discontinue breeding the animal unless the uterus was damaged.
 {{Learning
@@ Line 80: / Line 98: @@
 [[Cattle Medicine Q&A 03]]
 }}
@@ Line 90: / Line 110: @@
 Noakes, D. (2001) '''Arthur's veterinary reproduction and obstetrics''' ''Elsevier Health Sciences''

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 ==Introduction==
-Prolapse of reproductive tract organs occurs in females '''during pregnancy or soon after parturition'''.
+[[Image:Cervical Prolapse.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Prolapse,Copyright RVC 2008]]
 Cervical/vaginal prolapse is common in mature females in the '''last trimester''', when the cervix is unable to support the foetus.
-The vagina and/or cervix can also be expelled '''during delivery''' causing dystocia.
+The vagina and/or cervix can also be expelled '''during delivery''' causing [[dystocia]].
-Uterine prolapse occurs early in the postpartum period and can contain the urinary bladder.
+Uterine prolapse occurs early in the [[Puerperium - Anatomy & Physiology|postpartum period]] and can contain the urinary bladder.
-==Vaginal prolapse==
+==Vaginal Prolapse==
 Typically this is a disorder of '''ruminants occuring in late gestation'''. It occurs less frequently in pigs. In some bitches, hyperplasia of the vaginal mucosa occurs at oestrus, and sometimes protrudes through the vulva, but this is not comparable to the condition in the other species.
 The condition is a '''welfare concern''' and can have a considerable '''economic impact''' in flocks that experience a high incidence.
-===Predisposing factors===
+===Predisposing Factors===
-'''Hypocalcaemia, large foetal load, fat condition, inadequate exercise, short tail docking, excess dietary fibre, vaginal irritation, previous dystocia, inherited predisposition'''.
+'''[[Hypocalcaemia]], large foetal load, fat condition, inadequate exercise, short tail docking, excess dietary fibre, vaginal irritation, previous dystocia, inherited predisposition'''.
-===Clinical signs===
+===Clinical Signs===
 There is protrusion of varying parts of the vaginal wall and sometimes the cervix through the vulva so that the vaginal mucosa is exposed.
-Animals might be '''clinically normal or show signs of exhaustion''', shock and anaerobic infections.
+Animals might be '''clinically normal or show signs of exhaustion''', [[shock]] and anaerobic infections.
 '''Abortion''' or premature delivery, often of a dead foetus, may occur.
@@ Line 37: / Line 36: @@
 It is very important to replace the prolapse early to avoid any trauma and to ensure the animal maintains its pregnancy to term.
-==Uterine prolapse==
+==Uterine Prolapse==
 This condition occurs '''after parturition''' and occurs sporadically in '''ewes, cattle, mares and sows'''.
-The condition may be complicated by '''prolapse of the bladder, uterine rupture or intestinal herniation'''. One major concern is to prevent rupture of the '''large uterine vessels''' which will lead to rapid exsanguination.
+The condition may be complicated by '''prolapse of the bladder, uterine rupture or [[Hernia|intestinal herniation]]'''. One major concern is to prevent rupture of the '''large uterine vessels''' which will lead to rapid exsanguination.
-===Predisposing factors===
+===Predisposing Factors===
 '''Dystocia, forceful extraction of the foetus, retained placenta, vaginal lacerations and any condition causing straining after delivery'''.
-===Clinical signs===
+===Clinical Signs===
 The uterus protrudes out through the cervix, vagina and the lips of the vulva. The visible surface is the inside of the uterus and it may appear swollen, reddened and dry. There might also be tearing and bleeding and the placenta may still be partly attached to the uterine lining.
 ===Treatment===
-'''Fluid therapy''' may be indicated if the animal is showing signs of shock and '''calcium''' might need to be administered.
+'''[[:Category:Fluid Therapy|Fluid therapy]]''' may be indicated if the animal is showing signs of shock and '''[[calcium]]''' might need to be administered.
 '''Epidural anaesthesia''' can be used to reduce straining and aid replacement of the prolapse.
@@ Line 61: / Line 60: @@
 Loose placenta can be removed but it should be left if it is firmly attached and if haemorrhage occurs.
-To replace the prolapse, the animal should ideally be positioned with its '''hindquarters raised''', in a frog-legged position. Initially the vaginal prolapse is replaced, followed by the cervix and finally the uterus. Cupper hands and gentle pressure should be used so that trauma is not caused to the friable tissue.
+To replace the prolapse, the animal should ideally be positioned with its '''hindquarters raised''', in a frog-legged position. Initially the vaginal prolapse is replaced, followed by the cervix and finally the uterus. Cupped hands and gentle pressure should be used so that trauma is not caused to the friable tissue.
-One the uterus is replaced, the '''tips of the horns''' should be examined to assess if they have everted, and using a bottle to lengthen the arm, or filling the uterus with water can be used.
+Once the uterus is replaced, the '''tips of the horns''' should be examined to assess if they have everted, and using a bottle to lengthen the arm, or filling the uterus with water can help.
 After reduction is complete, low doses of '''oxytocin''' can be administered to facilitate rapid uterine involution.
-'''Systemic antibiotics''' are essential due to the risk of metritis and non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs serve to counteract endotoxaemia.
+'''Systemic antibiotics''' are essential due to the risk of metritis and [[NSAIDs|non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs]] serve to counteract endotoxaemia.
-The '''placenta may be retained''' following uterine prolapse, and this should be treated for subsequently.
+The '''placenta may be retained''' following uterine prolapse, and this should be treated subsequently.
-Post-replacement, uterine involution should be assessed per rectum and antibiotics should be continued until placental membranes have passed and the placenta is involuting satisfactorily.
+Post-replacement, uterine involution should be assessed per rectum and antibiotics should be continued until placental membranes have passed and the uterus is involuting satisfactorily.
 '''Death''' following prolapse is not uncommon, especially if haemorrhage occurs or help takes time to arrive.
@@ Line 79: / Line 78: @@
 {{Learning
 |flashcards = [[Equine Reproduction and Stud Medicine Q&A 19]]
 }}
@@ Line 91: / Line 92: @@
+{{review}}
-[[Category:To Do - Helen]]
+[[Category:Expert Review]]
 [[Category:Reproductive Disorders]][[Category:Parturition]]
-[[Category:Reproductive Diseases - Dog]][[Category:To Do - Clinical]]
+[[Category:Reproductive Diseases - Horse]][[Category:Reproductive Diseases - Dog]]

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:03, 1 August 2011
Line 76:		Line 76:

	A simple prolapse with retained placenta has a '''good prognosis'''. '''Subsequent breeding is not contraindicated''' and a prolapse is no more likely to occur again. The condition is not a reason to discontinue breeding the animal unless the uterus was damaged.		A simple prolapse with retained placenta has a '''good prognosis'''. '''Subsequent breeding is not contraindicated''' and a prolapse is no more likely to occur again. The condition is not a reason to discontinue breeding the animal unless the uterus was damaged.
		+
		+	{{Learning
		+	\|flashcards = [[Equine Reproduction and Stud Medicine Q&A 19]]
		+	}}

	==References==		==References==

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:55, 16 December 2010
Line 25:		Line 25:

	[[Category:Reproductive Disorders]][[Category:Parturition]]		[[Category:Reproductive Disorders]][[Category:Parturition]]
−	[[Category:Reproductive ~~Pathology~~ - Dog]][[Category:To Do - Clinical]]	+	[[Category:Reproductive Diseases - Dog]][[Category:To Do - Clinical]]

@@ Line 2: / Line 2: @@
 [[Image:Prolapse.jpg|thumb|right|150px|Prolapse,Copyright RVC 2008]]
-* Cervical/Vaginal Prolapse is common in mature females in the last trimester.
+==Introduction==
-* The cervix is unable to support the foetus in '''late gestation'''.
+Prolapse of reproductive tract organs occurs in females '''during pregnancy or soon after parturition'''.
-* The vagina and/or cervix is expelled '''during delivery''' causing dystocia
+Uterine prolapse occurs early in the postpartum period and can contain the urinary bladder.
-=== Causes ===
+==Vaginal prolapse==
-* Overconditioning
+The condition is a '''welfare concern''' and can have a considerable '''economic impact''' in flocks that experience a high incidence.
-=== Treatment ===
+===Predisposing factors===
-* Wash the prolapse and manually replace
+===Clinical signs===
-* A vaginal retention device can be used, but discomfort may induce contractions which is counter-productive.
+There is protrusion of varying parts of the vaginal wall and sometimes the cervix through the vulva so that the vaginal mucosa is exposed.
-* Vulvar lips can be sutured, but this does not accurately replace the cervix.
-* Deep suture of the vaginal wall - '''Buhner suture''' - returns the cervix to the correct position.
+Animals might be '''clinically normal or show signs of exhaustion''', shock and anaerobic infections.
 [[Category:Reproductive Disorders]][[Category:Parturition]]
 [[Category:Reproductive Diseases - Dog]][[Category:To Do - Clinical]]

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:37, 16 December 2010
Line 25:		Line 25:

	[[Category:Reproductive Disorders]][[Category:Parturition]]		[[Category:Reproductive Disorders]][[Category:Parturition]]
		+	[[Category:Reproductive Pathology - Dog]][[Category:To Do - Clinical]]