Sialodacryoadenitis Virus - Revision history

Bara at 18:30, 26 July 2012

2012-07-26T18:30:10Z

Bara at 22:18, 2 May 2012

2012-05-02T22:18:52Z

Bara: /* References */

2011-08-16T12:23:09Z

References

Bara at 12:22, 16 August 2011

2011-08-16T12:22:44Z

HelenD at 14:49, 1 August 2011

2011-08-01T14:49:39Z

HelenD: /* References */

2011-08-01T14:34:14Z

References

HelenD: Created page with "Also known as: '''''SDAV''''' ==Introduction== Rats are the '''natural hosts''' for the highly contagious coronavirus sialodacryoadenitis virus. It causes a '''non-fatal inflam..."

2011-07-28T17:12:39Z

Created page with "Also known as: '''''SDAV''''' ==Introduction== Rats are the '''natural hosts''' for the highly contagious coronavirus sialodacryoadenitis virus. It causes a '''non-fatal inflam..."

New page

Also known as: '''''SDAV'''''

==Introduction==
Rats are the '''natural hosts''' for the highly contagious coronavirus sialodacryoadenitis virus.

It causes a '''non-fatal inflammation of salivary and lacrimal glands'''.

The disease is seen '''worldwide, primarily in young rats'''. It can occur as an epizootic in a naive colony, with a large number of rats developing lesions, or enzootically with only a few animals developing signs.

Transmission is by '''direct contact and fomites'''. Transmission between rats is '''extremely rapid''', with the respiratory tract being the primary portal of entry. Infected animals secrete the virus for approximately 7 days. The virus is excreted via ducts of the salivary, lacrimal and Harderian glands.

Healthy, naive rats of both sexes and all ages are susceptible to infection. '''Young animals, 2-4 weeks of age''' and with no maternal antibody, develop '''more serious forms of the disease''' with the highest mortality.

==Clinical signs==
In a colony, clinical signs can be seen for several weeks during an epizootic. In individual animals, they should only last about '''one week'''.

Signs include: '''squinting, photophobia, blinking and eye rubbing''' followed by '''sneezing and cervical swelling''' withing 3-5 days post infection.

There is decreased lacrimation which then leads to: '''suborbital or periorbital swelling, prominent or bulging eyes''' and often '''chromodacryorrhea (red porphyrin-pigmented tears)''' and ophthalmic lesions.

Rats usually remain appetant and active.

Some strains may cause an interstitial pneumonia in young rats and disease may be exacerbated by concurrent Sendai virus infection.

==Diagnosis==
Diagnosis is primarily based on '''gross clinical signs and gross pathology'''.

'''Post-mortem findings''' include: large, oedematous and pale glands, including the salivary, Harderian or lacrimal glands, either affected individually or as a group. These glands may become permanently scarred.

Keratitis sicca may be observed as well as corneal ulceration.

'''Viral antigen''' can be found in the respiratory epithelium, lacrimal and salivary glands and lymph nodes.

'''Serum antibodies''' can be detected by ELISA testing.

Signs may be mimicked by Sendai virus, corona virus and secondary bacterial infection with ''Pasteurella pneumotropica'' and ''Mycoplasma pulmonis''.

==Treatment==
'''Nursing support''' is vital, by providing a warm, comfortable environment, tasty food treats, ophthalmic lubricant and fluids.

'''Antibiotic treatment''' during the acute phase of the infection may alleviate the effects of secondary ophthalmic trauma and bacterial infections.

'''Laboratory rats''' are rarely treated and are humanely culled. Alternatively, the infection is actively spread throughout the facility and the outbreak is allowed to take its course. Following seroconversion of all animals the breeding program can resume.

==Prevention==
Susceptible colonies can be '''isolated and quarantined'''. The disease usually produces no long-term disability.

Rats which clear the infection can become reinfected with a different strain as there is little interstrain cross-protectivity.

In the '''laboratory setting''', prevention of the disease is by the procurement of disease-free rats. Non-essential personnel should be avoided and movement restricted within the facility due to the highly contagious nature of the virus.

==References==
Harkness, J. (2010) '''Harkness and Wagners Biology and Medicine of Rabbits and Rodents''' ''John Wiley and Sons''

Baker, D. (2003) '''Natural pathogens of laboratory animals''' ''ASM Press''

Carlyle Jones, T. (1997) '''Veterinary Pathology''' ''Wiley-Blackwell''

[[Category:To Do - Helen]]
[[Category:To Do - Review]]

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 Also known as: '''''SDAV'''''
@@ Line 62: / Line 63: @@
 {{review}}
 [[Category:Coronaviridae]]
 [[Category:Expert Review - Exotics]]
 [[Category:Rodents]]

← Older revision		Revision as of 22:18, 2 May 2012
Line 64:		Line 64:
	[[Category:Coronaviridae]]		[[Category:Coronaviridae]]
	[[Category:Expert Review - Exotics]]		[[Category:Expert Review - Exotics]]
		+	[[Category:Rodents]]

@@ Line 63: / Line 63: @@
 {{review}}
 [[Category:Coronaviridae]]
-[[Category:Exotics]]
+[[Category:Expert Review - Exotics]]

@@ Line 50: / Line 50: @@
 In the '''laboratory setting''', prevention of the disease is by the procurement of disease-free rats. Non-essential personnel should be avoided and movement restricted within the facility due to the highly contagious nature of the virus.
 {{Learning
 |flashcards = [[Small Mammals Q&A 08]]
 }}
 Harkness, J. (2010) '''Harkness and Wagners Biology and Medicine of Rabbits and Rodents''' ''John Wiley and Sons''

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:34, 1 August 2011
Line 51:		Line 51:

	==References==		==References==
		+	{{Learning
		+	\|flashcards = [[Small Mammals Q&A 08]]
		+	}}
		+
	Harkness, J. (2010) '''Harkness and Wagners Biology and Medicine of Rabbits and Rodents''' ''John Wiley and Sons''		Harkness, J. (2010) '''Harkness and Wagners Biology and Medicine of Rabbits and Rodents''' ''John Wiley and Sons''

@@ Line 2: / Line 2: @@
 ==Introduction==
-Rats are the '''natural hosts''' for the highly contagious coronavirus sialodacryoadenitis virus.
+Rats are the '''natural hosts''' for the highly contagious [[:Category:Coronaviridae|coronavirus]] sialodacryoadenitis virus. It causes a '''non-fatal inflammation of salivary and lacrimal glands'''.
 The disease is seen '''worldwide, primarily in young rats'''. It can occur as an epizootic in a naive colony, with a large number of rats developing lesions, or enzootically with only a few animals developing signs.
@@ Line 12: / Line 10: @@
 Healthy, naive rats of both sexes and all ages are susceptible to infection. '''Young animals, 2-4 weeks of age''' and with no maternal antibody, develop '''more serious forms of the disease''' with the highest mortality.
-==Clinical signs==
+==Clinical Signs==
 In a colony, clinical signs can be seen for several weeks during an epizootic. In individual animals, they should only last about '''one week'''.
@@ Line 21: / Line 19: @@
 Rats usually remain appetant and active.
-Some strains may cause an interstitial pneumonia in young rats and disease may be exacerbated by concurrent Sendai virus infection.
+Some strains may cause an interstitial pneumonia in young rats and disease may be exacerbated by concurrent [[Sendai Virus|Sendai virus]] infection.
 ==Diagnosis==
@@ Line 32: / Line 30: @@
 '''Viral antigen''' can be found in the respiratory epithelium, lacrimal and salivary glands and lymph nodes.
-'''Serum antibodies''' can be detected by ELISA testing.
+'''Serum antibodies''' can be detected by [[ELISA testing]].
 Signs may be mimicked by Sendai virus, corona virus and secondary bacterial infection with ''Pasteurella pneumotropica'' and ''Mycoplasma pulmonis''.
@@ Line 62: / Line 60: @@
 Carlyle Jones, T. (1997) '''Veterinary Pathology''' ''Wiley-Blackwell''
-[[Category:To Do - Helen]]
-[[Category:To Do - Review]]
+{{review}}