Spirochaetes - Revision history

Bara: Redirected page to Category:Spirochaetes

2010-05-14T20:56:46Z

Redirected page to Category:Spirochaetes

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A.allison at 21:02, 13 August 2009

2009-08-13T21:02:05Z

Flawrence at 11:49, 31 December 2008

2008-12-31T11:49:43Z

Flawrence at 11:47, 31 December 2008

2008-12-31T11:47:41Z

Flawrence at 11:12, 31 December 2008

2008-12-31T11:12:46Z

Flawrence at 10:43, 31 December 2008

2008-12-31T10:43:03Z

Flawrence at 10:38, 31 December 2008

2008-12-31T10:38:55Z

Flawrence at 10:34, 31 December 2008

2008-12-31T10:34:21Z

Flawrence at 10:27, 31 December 2008

2008-12-31T10:27:03Z

Flawrence at 09:36, 31 December 2008

2008-12-31T09:36:42Z

@@ Line 45: / Line 45: @@
 **Organisms may persist in the renal tubules, uterus, eye or meninges
 **Evade phagocytosis possibly via macrophage apoptosis
-**Damage red blood cell membranes and endothelial and liver cells, leading to haemolytic anaemia, jaundice, [[General Pathology - Pigmentation and Calcification#Haemoglobin|haemoglobin pigmentation]], haemoglobinuria and haemorrhage in acute leptospirosis
+**Damage red blood cell membranes and endothelial and liver cells, leading to haemolytic anaemia, jaundice, [[Pigmentation and Calcification - Pathology#Haemoglobin|haemoglobin pigmentation]], haemoglobinuria and haemorrhage in acute leptospirosis
 *Diagnosis
@@ Line 86: / Line 86: @@
 ***The host-adapted serovar ''canicolar'' causes acute renal failure in puppies; a chronic uraemic syndrome may follow
 ***Incidental infections with serovar ''icterohaemorrhagica'' or ''copenhagenii'' cause renal failure
-***''L. icterohaemorrhagiae'' may cause [[General Pathology - Pigmentation and Calcification#Hepatic (Toxic) Icterus|hepatic jaundice]]
+***''L. icterohaemorrhagiae'' may cause [[Pigmentation and Calcification - Pathology#Hepatic (Toxic) Icterus|hepatic jaundice]]
 ***Serovar ''bratislava'' causes abortion and infertility in dogs, which may be the maintenance host
 ***Infections uncommon in cats

@@ Line 161: / Line 161: @@
 *Clinical infections
-**''B. hyodysenteriae'' causes swine dysentry
+**''B. hyodysenteriae'' causes [[Intestines Fibrinous/Haemorrhagic Enteritis - Pathology#Swine Dysentery|swine dysentery]]
 **''B. pilosicoli'' causes porcine intestinal spirochaetosis
 **Infection is acquired via contaminated faeces

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:47, 31 December 2008
Line 147:		Line 147:
	===''Brachyspira'' and ''Serpulina''===		===''Brachyspira'' and ''Serpulina''===

		+	*Anaerobic, intestinal spirochaetes, found in normal and diseased pigs
		+	*Enterophogens of pigs
		+	*''B. hyodysenteriae, B. pilosicoli, B. innocens, Serpulina intermedia'' and ''S. murdochii'' occur in pigs
		+	*Carrier pigs shed ''B. hyodysenteriae'' for up to 3 months, acting as a source of infection for healthy pigs
		+	*Demonstrated in stained faecal smears or silver-stained histopathology sections
		+	*Cultured anaerobically on selective blood agar
		+	*Spirochaetes differentiated by pattern of haemolysis on blood agar as well as molecular techniques
		+
		+	*Pathogenesis
		+	**Motility in mucous allows colonisation of pig intestine
		+	**Haemolytic and cytotoxic activiity important for virulence
		+	**Attachment of ''B. pilosicoli'' to epithelial cells of colonic mucosa disrupts their function and leads to their shedding and oedema
		+
		+	*Clinical infections
		+	**''B. hyodysenteriae'' causes swine dysentry
		+	**''B. pilosicoli'' causes porcine intestinal spirochaetosis
		+	**Infection is acquired via contaminated faeces
		+	**Disease spreads slowly through the herd
		+	**Dogs, rats, mice and flies may act as transport hosts
		+	**''B. hyodysenteriae'' survives several weeks in moist faeces
		+
		+	*Clinical signs
		+	**''B. hyodysenteriae'' causes dysentry in weaned pigs 6-12 weeks old; pigs lose condition and become emaciated; appetite is decreased; large amount of mucous may be present in the faeces; low mortality; poor feed conversion ratio
		+	**''B. pilosicoli'' causes less severe signs than swine dysentry; reduced feed conversion rates occur
		+
		+	*Diagnosis
		+	**History, clinical signs and gross pathology
		+	**Anaerobic culture on blood agar with added antibiotics for at least 3 days
		+	**''B. hyodysenteriae'' causes complete haemolysis whereas other spirochaetes cause partial haemolysis
		+	**Immunofluorescence, DNA probes and biochemical tests
		+	**Serology using ELISA can be used on a herd basis
		+	**PCR

	[[Brachyspira hyodysenteriae]]		[[Brachyspira hyodysenteriae]]

@@ Line 95: / Line 95: @@
 *Longer, wider, helical spirochaetes with a linear chromosome and linear and circular plasmids
 *Obligate parasites transmitted by arthropod vectors
 *Lyme disease
@@ Line 102: / Line 104: @@
 **Ticks transmit the infection to large mammals such as deer and sheep
 **''Ixodes ricinus'' is the most common tick vector in Europe
 [[Brachyspira hyodysenteriae]]

@@ Line 99: / Line 99: @@
 **Caused by ''Borrelia burgdorferi''
 **Reported in humans, dogs, horses, cattle, sheep
 [[Brachyspira hyodysenteriae]]

@@ Line 35: / Line 35: @@
 *Serovars are fairly host-specific, causing mild disease in the maintenance host, with shedding in the urine
 *Maintenance hosts may transmit the infection to incidental hosts, which are less susceptible to infection, but develop serious disease
 *Pathogenesis and pathogenicity
 **Depends on virulence of the serovar and susceptibility of the host
 **Leptospires invade tissues through moist skin or via mucous membranes, aided by their motility
-**Leptospires may invade via receptor-mediatied endocytosis
+**Leptospires may invade via receptor-mediated endocytosis
 **They disseminate through the body via the blood stream
 **Antibodies clear organisms from the blood stream after about 10 days of infection
 **Organisms may persist in the renal tubules, uterus, eye or meninges
 **Evade phagocytosis possibly via macrophage apoptosis
-**Damage red blood cell membranes and endothelial and liver cells, leading to haemolytic anaemia, jaundice, haemoglobinuria and haemorrhage in acute leptospirosis
+**Damage red blood cell membranes and endothelial and liver cells, leading to haemolytic anaemia, jaundice, [[General Pathology - Pigmentation and Calcification#Haemoglobin|haemoglobin pigmentation]], haemoglobinuria and haemorrhage in acute leptospirosis
 *Diagnosis
@@ Line 85: / Line 86: @@
 ***The host-adapted serovar ''canicolar'' causes acute renal failure in puppies; a chronic uraemic syndrome may follow
 ***Incidental infections with serovar ''icterohaemorrhagica'' or ''copenhagenii'' cause renal failure
 ***Serovar ''bratislava'' causes abortion and infertility in dogs, which may be the maintenance host
 ***Infections uncommon in cats

@@ Line 26: / Line 26: @@
-===''Leptospira''
+===''Leptospira''===
 *Motile, helical bacteria found in aquatic environments
@@ Line 83: / Line 83: @@
 ***Serovars ''canicola'' and ''icterohaemorrhagica'' cause leptospirosis in dogs, but are vaccinated against
 ***Serovars ''pomona'' and ''grippotyphosa'' are becoming important
-***The host-adapted serovar ''canicolar'' causes renal failure in puppies
+***The host-adapted serovar ''canicolar'' causes acute renal failure in puppies; a chronic uraemic syndrome may follow

@@ Line 25: / Line 25: @@
 *Serology required for identification
 [[Brachyspira hyodysenteriae]]
 [[Leptospira]]