Taylorella equigenitalis - Revision history

Bara at 18:07, 31 July 2012

2012-07-31T18:07:28Z

Bara at 15:48, 21 September 2011

2011-09-21T15:48:43Z

Bara at 12:40, 21 September 2011

2011-09-21T12:40:43Z

HelenD at 11:20, 7 September 2011

2011-09-07T11:20:47Z

Bara at 16:35, 6 September 2011

2011-09-06T16:35:10Z

Signarski at 17:55, 5 September 2010

2010-09-05T17:55:11Z

Signarski at 17:48, 5 September 2010

2010-09-05T17:48:54Z

Bara at 12:29, 29 July 2010

2010-07-29T12:29:39Z

Bara at 10:24, 25 June 2010

2010-06-25T10:24:50Z

A.allison: Text replace - 'Neutrophils - WikiBlood' to 'Neutrophils'

2010-06-12T12:29:49Z

Text replace - 'Neutrophils - WikiBlood' to 'Neutrophils'

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 Also known as: '''''Contagious Equine Metritis — CEM'''''
@@ Line 66: / Line 67: @@
 {{review}}
 [[Category:Bacteria miscellaneous]][[Category:Gram_negative_bacteria]][[Category:Rods]][[Category:Horse Bacteria]]
 [[Category:Reproductive Diseases - Horse]]
 [[Category:Expert Review - Horse]]

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 Also known as: '''''Contagious Equine Metritis — CEM'''''
-==Description==
+==Introduction==
 ''Taylorella equigenitalis'' is the causal agent of contagious equine metritis (CEM). It is found exclusively in the '''genital tracts of stallions, mares and foals''', specifically, in the '''urethral fossa''' of stallions and the '''clitoral fossa''' of mares.
@@ Line 13: / Line 13: @@
 It does not grow on MacConkey.
-==Pathogenesis and pathogenicity==
+==Pathogenesis and Pathogenicity==
-Transmission occurs '''during coitus or via contaminated instruments'''.
+Transmission occurs '''during coitus or via contaminated instruments'''. The seminal fluid of stallions is contaminated with ''T. equigenitalis'' from the urethral fossa, and deposition in the uterus is required for infection to establish. The bacteria replicate in the uterus and cause '''acute endometritis'''. There is initial influx of mononuclear cells and [[Plasma Cells|plasma cells]], followed by [[Neutrophils|neutrophils]], which cause a mucopurulent discharge. The acute endometrial changes only last a few days.
-The seminal fluid of stallions is contaminated with ''T. equigenitalis'' from the urethral fossa, and deposition in the uterus is required for infection to establish.
+==Clinical Infections==
 Contagious equine metritis is a '''highly contagious venereal disease of Thorougbred horses'''.
 Infected stallions and mares are a '''reservoir of infection''', and stallions and some mares are '''asymptomatic'''.
-Mares experience '''mucopurulent vulval discharge''' and temporary infertility after service with a carrier stallion. Inflammation of the uterus hinders implantation, the discharge may continue for 2 weeks, and mares may remain '''infertile''' for several weeks.
+Most mares experience '''mucopurulent vulval discharge''' and temporary infertility after service with a carrier stallion. Inflammation of the uterus hinders implantation, the discharge may continue for 2 weeks, and mares may remain '''infertile''' for several weeks.
 Mares may recover without treatment but 25% become carriers and re-infection can occur.
@@ Line 50: / Line 42: @@
 '''Other diagnostic tests''' include:
 :Slide agglutination test
-:Fluorescent antibody test
+:[[FAT|Fluorescent antibody test]]
 :Latex agglutination
-:PCR
+:[[PCR]]
 :Serology, but it only detects active infection
-==Treatment and control==
+==Treatment and Control==
-The external genitalia, including the clitoral fossa of mares and stallions should be '''washed with 2% chlorhexidine combined with antimicrobials''' such as crystalline penicillin. A '''2% nitrofurazone ointment''' can be packed into the clitoral fossa
+The external genitalia, including the clitoral fossa of mares and stallions should be '''washed with 2% chlorhexidine combined with antimicrobials''' such as crystalline penicillin. A '''2% nitrofurazone ointment''' can be packed into the clitoral fossa.
 The uterus of mares should be '''lavaged''' with a penicillin-containing solution daily for 5-7 days.
@@ Line 72: / Line 64: @@
 }}
 [[Category:Bacteria miscellaneous]][[Category:Gram_negative_bacteria]][[Category:Rods]][[Category:Horse Bacteria]]
-[[Category:To_Do_-_Bacteria]]
+[[Category:Reproductive Diseases - Horse]]

@@ Line 2: / Line 2: @@
 ==Description==
-''Taylorella equigenitalis'' is the causal agent of contagious equine metritis (CEM)
+''Taylorella equigenitalis'' is the causal agent of contagious equine metritis (CEM). It is found exclusively in the '''genital tracts of stallions, mares and foals''', specifically, in the '''urethral fossa''' of stallions and the '''clitoral fossa''' of mares.
-It is found exclusively in the '''genital tracts of stallions, mares and foals''', specifically, in the '''urethral fossa''' of stallions and the '''clitoral fossa''' of mares.
+The disease '''disrupts breeding programs''' on thouroughbred stud farms. Currently, the UK is '''free from contagious equine metritis'''.
 ==Characteristics==
-The organism is a short, non-motile Gram-negative rod which is catalase, oxidase and phosphatase postitive.
+The organism is a short, non-motile Gram-negative rod which is catalase, oxidase and phosphatase positive.
-The bacteria is microaerophilic, grows slowly, and is '''fastidious''' as it requires chocolate agar and 5-10% carbon dioxide for growth.
+The bacterium is microaerophilic, grows slowly, and is '''fastidious''' as it requires chocolate agar and 5-10% carbon dioxide for growth.
 It does not grow on MacConkey.

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-==Description==
+It is found exclusively in the '''genital tracts of stallions, mares and foals''', specifically, in the '''urethral fossa''' of stallions and the '''clitoral fossa''' of mares.
-*''Taylorella equigenitalis'' is the causal agent of contagious equine metritis (CEM)
+The disease '''disrupts breeding programs''' on thouroughbred stud farms
 ==Characteristics==
-*Short, non-motile Gram-negative rod. Catalase, oxidase and phosphatase postitive.
+The organism is a short, non-motile Gram-negative rod which is catalase, oxidase and phosphatase postitive.
-*Microaerophilic
-*Grows slowly
+The bacteria is microaerophilic, grows slowly, and is '''fastidious''' as it requires chocolate agar and 5-10% carbon dioxide for growth.
-*Fastidious growth - requires chocolate agar and 5-10% carbon dioxide for growth
-*No growth on MacConkey
+It does not grow on MacConkey.
-===Pathogenesis and pathogenicity===
+The colonies appear as '''small, smooth and yellow-grey'''.
-*Transmission during coitus or via contaminated instruments
+'''Other diagnostic tests''' include:
-*Semenal fluid contaminated with ''T. equigenitalis'' from the urethral fossa
+:Slide agglutination test
-*Deposition in uterus required for infection to establish
+:Fluorescent antibody test
-*Bacteria replicate in uterus and cause acute endometritis
+:Latex agglutination
-*Initial influx of mononuclear cells and plasma cells, followed by  [[Neutrophils|neutrophils]], which cause a mucopurulent discharge
+:PCR
-*Acute endometrial changes only last a few days
+:Serology, but it only detects active infection
-===Clinical infections===
+The uterus of mares should be '''lavaged''' with a penicillin-containing solution daily for 5-7 days.
-*Contagious equine metritis
+Persistently-infected mares may benefit from '''ablation of the clitoral sinuses'''.
-===Diagnosis===
+Recovered animals should be '''sampled''' to ensure they are free from disease.
-*Specimens for bacteriology:
+Stallions may be test-mated to 2 maiden mares to detect the spread of infection.
-===Treatment and control===
+{{Learning
 [[Category:Bacteria miscellaneous]][[Category:Gram_negative_bacteria]][[Category:Rods]][[Category:Horse Bacteria]]
 [[Category:To_Do_-_Bacteria]]

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:35, 6 September 2011
Line 1:		Line 1:
−	~~{{review}}~~	+

	==Description==		==Description==

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 {{review}}
-===Overview===
+==Description==
-*Causes contagious equine metritis
+''Taylorella equigenitalis'' is the causal agent of contagious equine metritis (CEM). It is found exclusively in the genital tracts of stallions, mares and foals. *Found in urethral fossa of stallions and clitoral fossa of mares
 *Disrupts breeding programs on thouroughbred stud farms
 *UK free from contagious equine metritis
-===Characteristics===
+==Characteristics==
+T. equigenitalis is a short, non-motile Gram-negative rod. It is catalase, oxidase and phosphatase postitive.
 *Microaerophilic
 *Grows slowly

@@ Line 72: / Line 72: @@
 *Sample recovered animals to ensure free from disease
 *Test-mating of stallions to 2 maiden mares to detect infection
-[[Category:Bacteria miscellaneous]][[Category:Gram_negative_bacteria]][[Category:Rods]][[Category:Horse]]
+[[Category:Bacteria miscellaneous]][[Category:Gram_negative_bacteria]][[Category:Rods]][[Category:Horse Bacteria]]
 [[Category:To_Do_-_Bacteria]]

← Older revision		Revision as of 10:24, 25 June 2010
Line 73:		Line 73:
	*Test-mating of stallions to 2 maiden mares to detect infection		*Test-mating of stallions to 2 maiden mares to detect infection
	[[Category:Bacteria miscellaneous]][[Category:Gram_negative_bacteria]][[Category:Rods]][[Category:Horse]]		[[Category:Bacteria miscellaneous]][[Category:Gram_negative_bacteria]][[Category:Rods]][[Category:Horse]]
		+	[[Category:To_Do_-_Bacteria]]